plants

____________________- tip of root where growth occurs

root cap

Covered with ______________________________ that increase surface area of roots for more absorption

root hairs

____________________ plants- plants that reproduce using spores .

seedless

What is the chemical formula of Photosynthesis?

Water + Carbon dioxide + sunlight -> Sugar + Oxygen

Hold plants securely in the _________.

soil

______________________ is the male reproductive structure

stamen

On top of the pistil is the ______________________, which is a sticky structure where pollen grains collect

stigma

Leaf Structure: _________________ (singular=stoma)- openings in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide in

stomata

A long, slender _____________________ is under the stigma

style

Leaf Functions: Make ______________________, which is used as energy

sugar

______________________________ system- one main root grows downward and small roots branch off of the taproot; usually reaches deep underground

taproot

______________________- evaporation of water from the leaves.

transpiration

Plants grow and stand ________.

upright

Reproduction in Flowering Plants ________________ pollination ___________________ occurs when pollen moves from anthers to stigmas (by wind or pollinators) After pollen lands on ____ stigma ________________________, a tube grows down from each pollen grain down the style to an ovule Sperm from the pollen move down the pollen tube into an ______ ovule _________________ ___ fertilization _____________________________ occurs when the sperm fuses with an egg in the ovule When sperm and egg join, a ______ seed_____________ forms. 3 parts of a seed a. _____________ sporophyte__ ________________, a young plant b. Stored food found in the _______ cotyledons________________________ (or seed leaves) c. Seed _____ coat___________ to protect the young plant Advantages of seeds: a. Stored ___ food_____________ can be used by the young plant when it starts to grow b. Seeds can be spread by _____ animals_______________ efficiently 2 groups of angiosperms a. _____ monocots_________________________- seeds contain one cotyledon, or seed leaf Ex: grass, orchids b. ______ dicots______________________- seeds contain two cotyledons, or seed leaves Ex: rose, cactus, sunflower The ovary surrounding the seeds develops into a _________ fruit ________________. Some fruits and seeds have structures that help _______ wind_________________ carry them Many fruits are ___ edible__________________ and animals may eat the fruits. Then, the animals discard seeds __ away_______________ from the plant. Once a seed is fully developed, the young plant inside stops ___________ growing _______________. The seed may become _____ dormant_________________, or inactive. Some seeds will come out of dormancy on their own, others may need a cold winter or a fire to break their dormancy. When seeds are dropped or planted in a suitable environment (water, air, and warm temperature), they will ____ germinate ____________________, or sprout.

...

Reproduction in Gymnosperms: Pollen is carried by wind from male cones to female cones (called ____ pollination ___________________). Male and female cones may be on the __ same __________________ plant or on different plants ________ fertilization _______________________ occurs when egg and sperm join. A sporophyte (young plant) develops in a seed in the ______ female_______________ cone. The seed will be released either right away or due to special circumstances such as a ______ fire ___________. If conditions are right, the seed will ________ grow__________ into an adult plant.

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Some water loss occurs in the stomata also...

...

Stem Functions: a. ________ support __________________ the plant b. Hold up ___ flowers ________________________ c. Contain ___ xylem_______________________ and ___________ phloem__________________ to transport materials between the root and shoot systems d. Sometimes _____ store_________________ materials, like water

...

Xylem and phloem also found in leaves...

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The type of root system in which one main root grows downward and small roots branch off of the main root is called A. taproot system B. fibrous root system C. main root system D. common root system

A

Which of the following is NOT true about stems? A. Stems are always located above the ground. B. Stems connect the roots to the leaves and flowers. C. Stems display flowers to pollinators. D. Stems can store water.

A

What does the cuticle do? A. It captures energy from the sun. B. It creates air. C. It keeps plants from drying out. D. It grows into chloroplasts.

C

What is the main function of leaves? A. They create water for the plant. B. They keep insects away from the plant. C. They make food for the plant. D. They absorb oxygen for the plant.

C

Why do leaves change color? A. Chloroplasts break down. B. Chlorophyll is produced more. C. Chlorophyll breaks down. D. More orange and yellow pigments are produced.

C

Seed plants that do not have flowers or fruit are called A. Sporophytes B. Angiosperms C. Gametophytes D. Gymnosperms

D

______________- modified leaves that make up the outermost ring of flower parts and protect the bud

Sepal

____________________- a flowering plat that produces seed within a fruit.

angiosperms

On top of the filament is the ______________ that produces pollen.

anther

1:__________________________________________________________________ 2:__________________________________________________________________ 3:__________________________________________________________________ 4:__________________________________________________________________ 5:__________________________________________________________________ 6:__________________________________________________________________ 7:__________________________________________________________________ 8:__________________________________________________________________ 9:__________________________________________________________________ 10:__________________________________________________________________ 11:__________________________________________________________________

anther filament stamen stigma style ovary ovule pistil petal stem sepal

What is a chemical process that occurs in animals that is the opposite of photosynthesis?

cellular respiration

Leaf Functions: _______________________ absorbs sunlight energy

chlorophyll

Sepals fold back when the ____________________ opens

blossom

_____________________- green pigment in chloroplasts that captures energy from sunlight.

chlorophyll

Leaf Functions: Absorb __________________ from the air

carbon dioxide

_________________ support and protect plant cells and keep plants in their upright position.

cell walls

Petals vary in _________________ and _____________________ to attract pollinators.

color and shape

Leaf Structure: ______________________- covering that prevents water loss

cuticle

___1. modified leaves that protect the flower bud ___2. broad, flat, leaf-like parts of a flower ___3. male reproductive structure of a flower ___4 female reproductive structure of a flower ___5. structure that produces pollen ___6. the sticky top part of the pistil where pollen collects ___7. the base of the pistil where ovules are located ___8. the stalk that holds up the anther ___9. the portion of the pistil between the stigma and ovary A. pistil B. filament C. anther D. sepal E. ovary F. style G. stamen H. petals I. stigma

d, h, g, a, c, i, e, b, f

_____1. A plant that lacks conducting tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves ____2. A flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit _____3. The tissue that transports water from one part of the plant to another _____4. A non-flowering seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit _____5. A plant with specialized conducting tissues that transport materials around the plant _____6. The tissue that transports food molecules (sugar) from one part of the plant to another A. Vascular B. Gymnosperm C. Phloem D. Angiosperm E. Nonvascular F. Xylem

e, d, f, b, a, c

_______________________ system- several roots, about the same size, spread out from the base of the plant's stem; usually gets water from close to the soil surface

fibrous

The stamen contains a stalk called a ________________________.

filament

Store surplus_______________ made during photosynthesis.

food

________- woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit; cone-bearing; usually have needles.

gymnosperms

_____________________ Stems are soft, thin, and flexible

herbaceous

Leaf Structure: Several ______________________ of tissue

layers

_______________ plants- lack specialized conducting tissues and true roots, stems, and leaves Includes liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.

nonvascular

The round base of the pistil is the ______________________ and contains one or more ovules.

ovary

Each _____________________ contains an egg

ovule

Leaf Functions: ____________________________ is made and released during the process

oxygen

_________________ are the broad, flat parts of a flower

petals

____________- tissue through which sugars travel in a vascular plant down from the leaves.

phloem

Leaf Functions: Make food energy by ____________ .

photosynthesis

Plants make energy by performing ________.

photosynthesis

__________ is the female reproductive structure

pistil

Plants are _______.

producers

__________________ Plants- have conducting tissues for water and nutrients.

vascular

Leaf Functions: Combine those with _________________________ coming up from roots

water

upply plants with ________ and__________________ through the xylem.

water and minerals

If more water leaves than the amount coming in through the roots, the plant will ____________________.

wilt

________________ Stems are rigid stems made of wood and bark

woody

______________- tissue through which water travels in a vascular plant up from the roots.

xylem