Politics CH 4-6
Property taxes in California are capped at ______ percent of the property's purchase price.
1%
Intergovernmental revenue transfers account for ______ of local government spending.
1/3
Women received the right to vote with the ratification of the ______.
19th
Budget shortfalls are also known as ______.
Deficits
______ taxes occur after one's death.
Estate
______ taxes do not alter spending habits or distort the distribution of resources.
Focused consumption
States with no sales or income taxes often have what type of property taxes to compensate?
High
Which of the following is one of the major arguments against term limits for state legislators?
It takes time for lawmakers to understand complex policy issues.
Exempting things such as groceries and clothing from sales tax is an attempt by states to make sale tax less ______
Regressive
Since the 1960s, ______ been the dominant mode of voter persuasion.
TV
Why have independent and third parties been unsuccessful in the United States?
They lack financial support.
Who said, "Unless mass views have some place in the shaping of policy, all the talk about democracy is nonsense"?
V.O. Key
The two major parties prevent third parties from achieving electoral success by ______.
adopting their ideas
Which state has the most state legislators?
california
______ is the process in which the decision of a numerical majority is made binding on a group.
majority rule
______ is an example of fiscal federalism, in that it is paid for by both the federal and state governments.
medicaid
States where voters are closely divided in their party loyalties are known as ______ states.
purple
Legislators who do not hold leadership positions or senior posts are known as ______ members.
rank and file
Revenue bonds are secured by ______.
the expected revenue of a project
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius declared which part of the Affordable Care Act unconstitutional?
the mandatory Medicaid expansion
Cause lobbyists often use ______ to sway public opinion and pressure public officials.
the media
Which of the following issues is the primary focus for the Tea Party movement?
the size of the federal gov.
In a runoff primary, the top ______ vote-getters proceed to the general election, regardless of party.
2
Approximately ______ percent of federal funds go to specific state programs.
90%
Which of the following groups tend to support Republican candidates?
African Americans
Which of the following was the name by which the Democratic Party was originally known?
Democrat- republican
Which of the following is the Supreme Court case that eradicated blanket primaries?
Democratic Party v. Jones
All states have a sales tax.
False
Most online purchases are tax free.
False
Who is responsible for the phrase laboratories of democracy as it relates to state politics?
Louis Brandeis
______ receives about 65 percent of the federal funds that are transferred to state governments.
Medicaid
______ bondholders are generally exempted from paying taxes on income received from these bonds.
Municipal
______ was the first state to enact automatic voter registration in 2015.
Oregon
There are ______ states where control of the two legislative chambers is split between the parties.
a great deal
Residents of Alaska have ______ kind of tax burden.
a low
In ______, the legislature or other government agencies have the power of legislative referendum.
all states
A service that the government must provide to those eligible, regardless of cost, is called ______.
an entitlement
The budget process is one in which governments ______ and set budgets.
assess revenues
Most states' legislatures have two houses. This is known as ______
bicameralism
Government debt is usually issued in the form of what?
bonds
______ are certificates of debt where the issuer promises to pay the holder back, with interest, after a certain time.
bonds
The largest battles in a state legislature tend to be over ______.
budgets
Governments often use bonds to finance ______, such as building new schools.
capital investments
Which of these has to do with paying for infrastructure, such as roads?
capital investments
______ is another word for constituent service.
casework
All of the members of a party within a legislative chamber are a ______.
caucus
______ work for an organization that tracks and promotes an issue.
cause lobbyists
When all registered individuals are allowed to vote in a party's primary, it is a(n) ______ primary.
closed
The assembly of an alliance of groups that is formed to pursue a common goal or interest is known as ______.
coalition building
A(n) ______ is a group of legislators who have the formal task of considering and writing bills in a particular issue area.
committee
One-party states rarely have ______ elections.
competitive
Which of the following tends to decrease voter turnout?
competitive elections
______ is the result when there is no consensus, but a group finds a central point on which the majority agrees.
compromise
Providing a means for groups to have a voice in government is part of the ______ function of legislatures.
constituent
______ is work done by legislators to help residents in their voting districts.
constituent service
_____ tend to have the largest effect on whether legislators introduce a bill.
constituents
______ voting is when a member of one party votes in another party's primary.
crossover
Which of the following best describes the American public's perception of legislators?
curry favors for special interests, spend most of their day arguing, and get little accomplished
Redistricting generally follows ______.
decennial census
Most bills introduced in state legislatures ______.
die in committee
During economic downturns, ______ is the first to be cut.
discretionary spending
The geographical area represented by a member of a legislature is known as ______.
districts
Payments made to Alaska residents from the interest generated by state investments are known as ______.
dividends
It is more difficult for new legislators to ______ than for incumbents to.
do constituent casework
Bills ______ according to predictable partisan majorities.
do not always pass
New Hampshire's state government ______ other states, partly because of low tax revenue.
does less than
What is the largest functional spending category for state and local governments?
education
Interest groups do not provide which of the following to political candidates?
election organization
As political campaigns have become less professionalized, the role of interest groups has decreased.
false
In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court placed a limit on independent expenditures by political parties.
false
Interest groups are organizations that nominate and support candidates for elected offices.
false
Interest groups tend to support new candidates over incumbents for office.
false
PACs are allowed to coordinate their activities with political candidates.
false
Political parties tend to play a smaller role at the state level, as compared with the national level.
false
Intergovernmental transfers are provided by ______ to state governments.
federal gov.
One way to block final action on a bill that is under consideration is to ______.
filibuster
A ______ is the annual accounting period used by governments.
fiscal year
A ______ election is an election that determines a party's nominees for office.
general
The process of drawing districts with the intent of pressing partisan advantage at the expense of other considerations is known as ______.
gerrymandering
The number of ballot initiatives has ______ since the 1970s.
increased
A person who is currently holding an office is known as the ______.
incumbent
Property taxes tend to rise when the economy does what?
is booming
______ voter turnout in the United States is lagging behind population growth.
latinos
Lobbyists are also known...?
legislative liaisons
For the most part, ______ elections are nonpartisan.
local
______ is when a lawmaker votes on a particular bill in return for another lawmaker's vote on a different bill.
logrolling
______ is the largest and most expensive state-run health program.
medicaid
Patronage resulted in jobs given based on support rather than on ______.
merit
Political machines discouraged ______.
merit hiring
Which of the following states has a part-time legislature?
montana
Modern political parties are ______ dominant than they previously were.
more
Turnout runs less than 20 percent for ______ elections.
municipal
Which state's legislature is nonpartisan?
nebraska
The use of ______ ballots was the result of reforms passed in reaction to political machines.
nonpartisian
When candidates do not run under a party label, the election is considered ______.
nonpartisian
Conducting budget reviews is part of the ______ function of legislatures.
oversight
Which of the following is the way legislatures help ensure that governors and the executive branch agencies are functioning properly?
oversight
The practice of elected officials giving jobs to political supporters is called ______.
patronage
The primary role of American political parties is to ______.
plan for future elections and organize government
A ______ is the highest number of votes garnered by a candidate who fails to reach an outright majority of the votes.
plurality
If a candidate does not win more than 50 percent of the votes but still has more votes than any other candidate, he or she has achieved a ______.
plurality
Organizations that nominate and support candidates for elected offices are called ______.
political parties
Legislatures tend to be ______ institutions.
reactive
A way for voters to oust an incumbent elected official before the next election is called a(n) ______.
recall
Which of the following terms refers to the drawing of new boundaries for congressional and state legislative districts?
redistricting
______ is when individual legislators act as the voice of their constituency in the legislature.
representation
Small business owners and corporations tend to support the ______ Party.
republican
The ______ model is the theory that political parties offer clear policy choices to voters, try to deliver on those policies when they take office, and are held accountable by voters for the success or failure of those policies.
responsible party
Louisiana holds a nonpartisan blanket primary, also called a ______ primary.
runoff
______ are the largest expenditure for state and local governments.
salaries
Most legislative power is derived from the ability to ______.
set tax rates and other fiscal policies
______ taxes are another term for excise taxes.
sin
At the ______ level, government is often organized on a nonpartisan basis.
state
Most sales tax revenues go to what governments?
state
National parties are made up of ______.
state parties
Voting for all of one party's nominees on a ticket is known as ______.
straight-ticket voting
What is a measure of the ability to pay taxes?
tax capacity
Most government revenue is brought in through ______.
taxes
The minimum Electoral College delegation is ______.
three
Budget processes are similar across states.
true
Deficits are a bigger problem for states than they are for the federal government.
true
The popular initiative process became popular during the ______.
turn of the 20th century
Washington and California use a similar primary system in which the top ______ vote getters proceed to the general election.
two
Which of the following states has the largest proportion of women serving in its state legislature?
washington