Politics CH 4-6

Property taxes in California are capped at ______ percent of the property's purchase price.

1%

Intergovernmental revenue transfers account for ______ of local government spending.

1/3

Women received the right to vote with the ratification of the ______.

19th

Budget shortfalls are also known as ______.

Deficits

______ taxes occur after one's death.

Estate

______ taxes do not alter spending habits or distort the distribution of resources.

Focused consumption

States with no sales or income taxes often have what type of property taxes to compensate?

High

Which of the following is one of the major arguments against term limits for state legislators?

It takes time for lawmakers to understand complex policy issues.

Exempting things such as groceries and clothing from sales tax is an attempt by states to make sale tax less ______

Regressive

Since the 1960s, ______ been the dominant mode of voter persuasion.

TV

Why have independent and third parties been unsuccessful in the United States?

They lack financial support.

Who said, "Unless mass views have some place in the shaping of policy, all the talk about democracy is nonsense"?

V.O. Key

The two major parties prevent third parties from achieving electoral success by ______.

adopting their ideas

Which state has the most state legislators?

california

______ is the process in which the decision of a numerical majority is made binding on a group.

majority rule

______ is an example of fiscal federalism, in that it is paid for by both the federal and state governments.

medicaid

States where voters are closely divided in their party loyalties are known as ______ states.

purple

Legislators who do not hold leadership positions or senior posts are known as ______ members.

rank and file

Revenue bonds are secured by ______.

the expected revenue of a project

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius declared which part of the Affordable Care Act unconstitutional?

the mandatory Medicaid expansion

Cause lobbyists often use ______ to sway public opinion and pressure public officials.

the media

Which of the following issues is the primary focus for the Tea Party movement?

the size of the federal gov.

In a runoff primary, the top ______ vote-getters proceed to the general election, regardless of party.

2

Approximately ______ percent of federal funds go to specific state programs.

90%

Which of the following groups tend to support Republican candidates?

African Americans

Which of the following was the name by which the Democratic Party was originally known?

Democrat- republican

Which of the following is the Supreme Court case that eradicated blanket primaries?

Democratic Party v. Jones

All states have a sales tax.

False

Most online purchases are tax free.

False

Who is responsible for the phrase laboratories of democracy as it relates to state politics?

Louis Brandeis

______ receives about 65 percent of the federal funds that are transferred to state governments.

Medicaid

______ bondholders are generally exempted from paying taxes on income received from these bonds.

Municipal

______ was the first state to enact automatic voter registration in 2015.

Oregon

There are ______ states where control of the two legislative chambers is split between the parties.

a great deal

Residents of Alaska have ______ kind of tax burden.

a low

In ______, the legislature or other government agencies have the power of legislative referendum.

all states

A service that the government must provide to those eligible, regardless of cost, is called ______.

an entitlement

The budget process is one in which governments ______ and set budgets.

assess revenues

Most states' legislatures have two houses. This is known as ______

bicameralism

Government debt is usually issued in the form of what?

bonds

______ are certificates of debt where the issuer promises to pay the holder back, with interest, after a certain time.

bonds

The largest battles in a state legislature tend to be over ______.

budgets

Governments often use bonds to finance ______, such as building new schools.

capital investments

Which of these has to do with paying for infrastructure, such as roads?

capital investments

______ is another word for constituent service.

casework

All of the members of a party within a legislative chamber are a ______.

caucus

______ work for an organization that tracks and promotes an issue.

cause lobbyists

When all registered individuals are allowed to vote in a party's primary, it is a(n) ______ primary.

closed

The assembly of an alliance of groups that is formed to pursue a common goal or interest is known as ______.

coalition building

A(n) ______ is a group of legislators who have the formal task of considering and writing bills in a particular issue area.

committee

One-party states rarely have ______ elections.

competitive

Which of the following tends to decrease voter turnout?

competitive elections

______ is the result when there is no consensus, but a group finds a central point on which the majority agrees.

compromise

Providing a means for groups to have a voice in government is part of the ______ function of legislatures.

constituent

______ is work done by legislators to help residents in their voting districts.

constituent service

_____ tend to have the largest effect on whether legislators introduce a bill.

constituents

______ voting is when a member of one party votes in another party's primary.

crossover

Which of the following best describes the American public's perception of legislators?

curry favors for special interests, spend most of their day arguing, and get little accomplished

Redistricting generally follows ______.

decennial census

Most bills introduced in state legislatures ______.

die in committee

During economic downturns, ______ is the first to be cut.

discretionary spending

The geographical area represented by a member of a legislature is known as ______.

districts

Payments made to Alaska residents from the interest generated by state investments are known as ______.

dividends

It is more difficult for new legislators to ______ than for incumbents to.

do constituent casework

Bills ______ according to predictable partisan majorities.

do not always pass

New Hampshire's state government ______ other states, partly because of low tax revenue.

does less than

What is the largest functional spending category for state and local governments?

education

Interest groups do not provide which of the following to political candidates?

election organization

As political campaigns have become less professionalized, the role of interest groups has decreased.

false

In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court placed a limit on independent expenditures by political parties.

false

Interest groups are organizations that nominate and support candidates for elected offices.

false

Interest groups tend to support new candidates over incumbents for office.

false

PACs are allowed to coordinate their activities with political candidates.

false

Political parties tend to play a smaller role at the state level, as compared with the national level.

false

Intergovernmental transfers are provided by ______ to state governments.

federal gov.

One way to block final action on a bill that is under consideration is to ______.

filibuster

A ______ is the annual accounting period used by governments.

fiscal year

A ______ election is an election that determines a party's nominees for office.

general

The process of drawing districts with the intent of pressing partisan advantage at the expense of other considerations is known as ______.

gerrymandering

The number of ballot initiatives has ______ since the 1970s.

increased

A person who is currently holding an office is known as the ______.

incumbent

Property taxes tend to rise when the economy does what?

is booming

______ voter turnout in the United States is lagging behind population growth.

latinos

Lobbyists are also known...?

legislative liaisons

For the most part, ______ elections are nonpartisan.

local

______ is when a lawmaker votes on a particular bill in return for another lawmaker's vote on a different bill.

logrolling

______ is the largest and most expensive state-run health program.

medicaid

Patronage resulted in jobs given based on support rather than on ______.

merit

Political machines discouraged ______.

merit hiring

Which of the following states has a part-time legislature?

montana

Modern political parties are ______ dominant than they previously were.

more

Turnout runs less than 20 percent for ______ elections.

municipal

Which state's legislature is nonpartisan?

nebraska

The use of ______ ballots was the result of reforms passed in reaction to political machines.

nonpartisian

When candidates do not run under a party label, the election is considered ______.

nonpartisian

Conducting budget reviews is part of the ______ function of legislatures.

oversight

Which of the following is the way legislatures help ensure that governors and the executive branch agencies are functioning properly?

oversight

The practice of elected officials giving jobs to political supporters is called ______.

patronage

The primary role of American political parties is to ______.

plan for future elections and organize government

A ______ is the highest number of votes garnered by a candidate who fails to reach an outright majority of the votes.

plurality

If a candidate does not win more than 50 percent of the votes but still has more votes than any other candidate, he or she has achieved a ______.

plurality

Organizations that nominate and support candidates for elected offices are called ______.

political parties

Legislatures tend to be ______ institutions.

reactive

A way for voters to oust an incumbent elected official before the next election is called a(n) ______.

recall

Which of the following terms refers to the drawing of new boundaries for congressional and state legislative districts?

redistricting

______ is when individual legislators act as the voice of their constituency in the legislature.

representation

Small business owners and corporations tend to support the ______ Party.

republican

The ______ model is the theory that political parties offer clear policy choices to voters, try to deliver on those policies when they take office, and are held accountable by voters for the success or failure of those policies.

responsible party

Louisiana holds a nonpartisan blanket primary, also called a ______ primary.

runoff

______ are the largest expenditure for state and local governments.

salaries

Most legislative power is derived from the ability to ______.

set tax rates and other fiscal policies

______ taxes are another term for excise taxes.

sin

At the ______ level, government is often organized on a nonpartisan basis.

state

Most sales tax revenues go to what governments?

state

National parties are made up of ______.

state parties

Voting for all of one party's nominees on a ticket is known as ______.

straight-ticket voting

What is a measure of the ability to pay taxes?

tax capacity

Most government revenue is brought in through ______.

taxes

The minimum Electoral College delegation is ______.

three

Budget processes are similar across states.

true

Deficits are a bigger problem for states than they are for the federal government.

true

The popular initiative process became popular during the ______.

turn of the 20th century

Washington and California use a similar primary system in which the top ______ vote getters proceed to the general election.

two

Which of the following states has the largest proportion of women serving in its state legislature?

washington