Pols Exam 3
Which of the following are empirically observable changes showing that our biosphere is changing (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. The number of record-high temperature events in the U.S. has been increasing since the 1950s B. Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world C. The extent and thickness of the Arctic sea has declined rapidly over the past decades D. Oceans have started to get cooler
-The extent and thickness of the Arctic sea has declined rapidly over the past decades -Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world-The number of record-high temperature events in the U.S. has been increasing since the 1950s -Global sea level rose by about (17 centimeters) 6.7 inches in the past century
The Cornucopian perspective rests on the following ideas (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces B. Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress C. Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth D. Low fertility is a consequence of slow economic development
-Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces -Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress -Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth
Emigration-International migration out of a country Immigration- International migration into a country Urbanization-Growth in the size of cities, with an increasing percentage of the overall population Internally Displace Persons- People displaced within their own countries Refugee- Emigration Immigration Urbanization Internally Displace Persons Refugee A person who is outside their country of origin because of well-founded fears of being persecuted
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What has been the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS on those countries most highly affected by the disease? A. A decline in life expectancy at birth from 62 to 52 between 1995 and 2005 B. A decline in life expectancy at birth from 76 to 67 between 1995 and 2005 C. A decline in life expectancy at birth from 81 to 75 between 1995 and 2005 D. A decline in life expectancy at birth from 48 to 35 between 1995 and 2005
A. A decline in life expectancy at birth from 62 to 52 between 1995 and 2005
Where do you find the majority of countries identified as the most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS? A. Africa B. Oceania C. Latin America and the Caribbean D. Europe and North America
A. Africa
First-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________, whereas second-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________: A. Capitalism / socialism B. Capitalism / libertarianism C. Socialism / utilitarianism D. Social democracy / authoritarianism
A. Capitalism / socialism
According to the UN's 2015 projections, the two countries with the largest populations will continue to see population growth, but where ___________ is projected to peak in size at 1.42 billion in 2030, _____________ is projected to soon overtake it, reaching an estimated 1.71 billion by the middle of the 21st century. A. China / India B. India / Brazil C. China / Brazil D. United States / Russia
A. China / India
The analyst points to a 15-year, $10 billion U.S. effort in which country as a model for what's needed in Central America? A. Colombia B. Ecuador C. Venezuela D. Peru
A. Colombia
Which countries will continue to hold the largest share of the world's population? A. Countries in Asia B. Countries in South America C. Countries in North America D. Countries in Europe
A. Countries in Asia
Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Improving the status of women B. Increasing sustainability of food production C. Rapid industrialization D. Improvement in water quality E. Poverty reduction
A. Improving the status of women B. Increasing sustainability of food production D. Improvement in water quality E. Poverty reduction
Cultural relativism is based on the notion that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR B. The United Nations is the final arbiter when it comes to determining what rights apply to whom C. The final authority in determining for the rights of a citizenry lies with the people and their government D. Standards created outside a specific cultural group always trump the group's own standards
A. Local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR C. The final authority in determining for the rights of a citizenry lies with the people and their government
Which of the following is true about population and population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asian countries B. Nearly one-fifth of the world's population lives in China C. The slowest population growth can be found in Africa D. European populations make up about 10% of the world's population
A. Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asian countries B.Nearly one-fifth of the world's population lives in China C. European populations make up about 10% of the world's population
Which of the following are correct statements about the world's population (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Over the next 30 years, the world's population is projected to increase by between 20% and 50%, or by between 1 Billion and 3.6 Billion people. B.In 2050, India is projected to be the most populous country in the world. C. China is projected to remain the most populous country in the world up to and beyond 2050. D. Projections of the world's population in 2050 vary between 8.7 Billion and 10.8 Billion people, depending on the fertility rate.
A. Over the next 30 years, the world's population is projected to increase by between 20% and 50%, or by between 1 Billion and 3.6 Billion people. B.In 2050, India is projected to be the most populous country in the world. D. Projections of the world's population in 2050 vary between 8.7 Billion and 10.8 Billion people, depending on the fertility rate.
Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change, argue that: A. Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development B. Population growth can only be reduced through contraception C. Population growth, when out of control, needs to be counteracted through strict limits on the number of children permissible per family D. Population growth is not related to economic development
A. Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development
What is the name of the idea that argues the international community has a responsibility to intervene in situations where a state fails to protect its population from genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes? A. Responsibility to Protect B. Conditionality and Contingency Planning C. Conditional Sovereignty Doctrine D. Humanitarian Intervention Requirement
A. Responsibility to Protect
Which of the following states have not become one of the States Parties to the Rome Statute that created the International Criminal Court, the ICC (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Russia B. Serbia C. United States of America D. Sierra Leone
A. Russia C. United States of America
After the end of the Cold War, the UN created international criminal tribunals to prosecute individuals responsible for ethnic cleansing, genocidal violence and crimes against humanity in which of the following countries (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Rwanda B. Afghanistan C. The Former Yugoslavian countries D. Iraq
A. Rwanda C. The Former Yugoslavian countries
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Seeks to help mitigate the adverse drivers that fuel migration B. Includes a focus on migrants' integration into new countries C.Looks at the return and reintegration for failed asylum seekers and others who do not have a right to remain D. Seeks to set binding international law E. Lays out guidelines for protecting migrants during the different stages of migration
A. Seeks to help mitigate the adverse drivers that fuel migration B. Includes a focus on migrants' integration into new countries C.Looks at the return and reintegration for failed asylum seekers and others who do not have a right to remain E. Lays out guidelines for protecting migrants during the different stages of migration
What was the role Eleanor Roosevelt played after her husband, President Roosevelt had died? (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers) A. She was invited to be part of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations B. She ran for the U.S. Senate C. She accepted the role of Secretary-General of the United Nations D. She became a member of the committee charged with drafting the UDHR
A. She was invited to be part of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations D. She became a member of the committee charged with drafting the UDHR
Across the globe, urbanization has been caused by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm B. The outlawing of farming in many Less Developed Country (LDC) rural areas because of socio-cultural impacts C. Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities D. Economic incentives by More Developed Countries (MDCs) to populate their cities with Less Developed Country (LDC) migrants (because of aging populations)
A. Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm C. Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities
Which of the following is NOT true about the role of technology in human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Technology can't be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time B. Technology has made it easier for governments to monitor the activities of those who are critical of government policies C. Whether people live in developed or underdeveloped countries, technology has benefitted everyone equally D. Technology has contributed to battling preventable diseases like diarrhea by providing more and cheaper access to water filtration
A. Technology can't be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time C. Whether people live in developed or underdeveloped countries, technology has benefitted everyone equally
While NGOs do not have official membership status at the UN, they do have important influence through their close cooperation with _______________: A. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) B. The Security Council C. The Trusteeship Council D. The World Bank
A. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
Which of the following are correct statements about fertility rates (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. The fertility rate in poorer (less or least developed) countries is higher, often significantly higher, than replacement level The fertility rate in more developed regions of the world is higher than the fertility rate in less developed regions. B.The total fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman of childbearing age C. The fertility rate for the world as a whole is about 2.51 births per woman D. The fertility rate is a strong indicators of overall population growth
A. The fertility rate in poorer (less or least developed) countries is higher, often significantly higher, than replacement level The fertility rate in more developed regions of the world is higher than the fertility rate in less developed regions. B.The total fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman of childbearing age C. The fertility rate for the world as a whole is about 2.51 births per woman D. The fertility rate is a strong indicators of overall population growth
Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both as sending and receiving states B. The importance of the United States as the only country where people want to end up C. Ongoing changes in where people go and where they come from D. The increasing politicization of migration
A. The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both as sending and receiving states C. Ongoing changes in where people go and where they come from D. The increasing politicization of migration
Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources? A. Thomas Malthus B. Al Gore C. Michael Moore D. Thomas Aquinas
A. Thomas Malthus
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is typically divided into ___________ generations, or categories: A. Three B. One C. Four D. Two
A. Three
What is one of the criticisms levied against the U.S.' involvement in the Syrian civil war? A. U.S. led airstrikes have caused large-scale destruction and deaths of civilians but the U.S. does not take responsibility B. The U.S. is upholding international law C. The U.S. invasion of Syria in 2003 triggered the civil war and any subsequent human rights violations are the fault of the U.S. D. U.S. inaction has led to the overthrow of the Syrian government
A. U.S. led airstrikes have caused large-scale destruction and deaths of civilians but the U.S. does not take responsibility
Which of the following are some of the ways through which celebrities can affect human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Using their celebrity status to raise awareness B. Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes C. Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors D. Persuading the UN to force states to change their behaviors
A. Using their celebrity status to raise awareness B. Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes C. Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors
Which of the following are examples through which technological innovations have been successfully used to promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes B. When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to publicize videos of police violence C. When corporations used communication and logistics infrastructure to avoid paying taxes D. When Instagram photos were used to imprison those who published information critical of the French government
A. When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes B. When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to publicize videos of police violence
What are some of the reasons why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A.Reduced mortality rates B.Higher fertility rates C.Greater number of refugees D.Improved food production and distribution
A.Reduced mortality rates D.Improved food production and distribution
According to scientists, what is the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that the Earth could sustain? A.About 390,000 parts per million b. About 3,900 parts per million c. About 390 parts per million d. About 39,000 parts per million
About 390 parts per million
How many countries voted against the UDHR in 1948? A. 5 B. 0 C. 48 D. 25
B. 0
When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted? A. 1977 B. 1948 C. 1992 D. 1945
B. 1948
The U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1977. When did the US ratify the treaty? A. 1998 B. 1992 C. 1980 D. 1977 E. 2002
B. 1992
According to the UN Population Division's 2015 analyses, what is the medium variant projection for the world's population by 2050: A. 21 billion by 2050 B. 9.7 billion people by 2050 C. 5 billion by 2050 D. 10.8 billion by 2050
B. 9.7 billion people by 2050
What is the difference between a treaty and a declaration? A. A declaration is a legally binding instrument whereas a treaty is a statement of principles B. A treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles C. Declarations are documents made by the UN Security Council and treaties are made by the General Assembly D. A treaty and a declaration are both legally unenforceable statements of principle
B. A treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles
Which of the following are human rights NGOs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. World Health Organization B. Amnesty International C. World Wildlife Fund D. Human Rights Watch
B. Amnesty International D. Human Rights Watch
Which country has been known for its "one child policy"? A. Nigeria B. China C. Russia D. India
B. China
When is international Human Rights Day and why? A. January 27, because that is when the UN remembers the victims of the Holocaust B. December 10, because that is when, in 1948, the UDHR was adopted C. March 21, because that is the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination D. March 8, because that is International Women's Day
B. December 10, because that is when, in 1948, the UDHR was adopted
Which generation of human rights includes freedom of speech and assembly? A. Fifth B. First C. Second D. Third
B. First
Which is correct about global warming and climate change (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers)? A. Climate change refers to Earth's rising ocean temperatures due to increased ocean wildlife B. Global warming refers to Earth's rising temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases C. Climate change refers to the consequences of global warming on weather patterns over time D. Global warming refers to changes in ocean levels over time
B. Global warming refers to Earth's rising temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases C. Climate change refers to the consequences of global warming on weather patterns over time
The moderator interviews an economic immigrant from Mexico who builds homes. How much more can he make in the U.S. than in Mexico? A. He can make in a day what he would in a month in Mexico B. He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico C. He can make in a year what he would in a lifetime in Mexico D. He can make in a week what he would in a year in Mexico
B. He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico
Universalism is represented by the idea that: A. Human rights are represented by one treaty and that treaty applies to everyone B. Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status C. Human rights are determined by nations or their government and not by some collective body D. Human rights are judged against a local culture
B. Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status
What are some of the examples through which globalization challenges state sovereignty (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. A sovereign state has full control over its territory and through its lawmaking capacity exercises authority over its population B. International financial institutions can grant or withhold resources C. MNCs can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments D. International organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a state's population
B. International financial institutions can grant or withhold resources C. MNCs can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments D. International organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a state's population
The International Criminal Court: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) A. Is a temporary court dealing only with one state at a time B. Is currently investigating cases involving defendants who come mostly from African states C. Gives advisory opinions to UN bodies or specialized agencies D. Can try cases involving crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide
B. Is currently investigating cases involving defendants who come mostly from African states D. Can try cases involving crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide
In what conflict in 2011 did the UN invoke the principle of R2P (Responsibility to Protect) as justification for military intervention? A. Syria B. Libya C. Iraq D. Mali
B. Libya
In general: A. Population growth globally has slowed to the point that there are no longer international efforts which impact population growth B. Many LDCs have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many MDCs have enacted policies to increase population growth C. Many MDCs have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many LDCs have enacted policies to increase population growth D. LDCs and MDCs use the same policies, as all countries seek to reduce population growth in their countries
B. Many LDCs have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many MDCs have enacted policies to increase population growth
Which of the following statements is true concerning urbanization? A. 22 of the top 25 largest cities are in LDCs B. More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs) C. Across the globe, urbanization is slowing rapidly and many people are moving back to rural areas D. None of the largest cities worldwide is in a Less Developed Country (LDC)
B. More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs)
When looking at Niger's population pyramid, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. More of Niger's dependent population is represented by people aged over 64 than by those under the age of 14 B. Niger has a youthful population C. More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age D. More than 75% of Niger's population is of working age (15-64 years of age)
B. Niger has a youthful population C. More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age
The concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), developed by the UN, shows the growing importance of human rights by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Claiming that individuals have the responsibility to not violate each other's human rights B. Putting forward the idea that states have the responsibility to intervene in situations where a state fails to protect its population from e.g. genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes C. Stressing that states have the responsibility to protect their populations from e.g. genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes D. Maintaining that human rights are the responsibility of the UN Security Council
B. Putting forward the idea that states have the responsibility to intervene in situations where a state fails to protect its population from e.g. genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes C. Stressing that states have the responsibility to protect their populations from e.g. genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes
The following factors show how globalization has helped in promoting human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Terrorist organizations can more easily target weak states and terrorize populations B. Social media platforms have allowed people to organize even when governments try to limit free speech and assembly C. Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about human rights D. Economically strong MNCs have the ability to avoid social, economic or environmental demands of weaker host countries E. Information technology has made it easier for human rights NGOs to communicate with their stakeholders and put greater pressure on governments to comply with human rights standards
B. Social media platforms have allowed people to organize even when governments try to limit free speech and assembly C. Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about human rights E.Information technology has made it easier for human rights NGOs to communicate with their stakeholders and put greater pressure on governments to comply with human rights standards
Which of the following countries are particularly highlighted by the UN High Commissioner for their egregious human rights violations (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Iraq B. Syria C. The United States D. Yemen
B. Syria D. Yemen
The hypothetical example used to explain why groups of individuals might overexploit shared environmental resources even when they know that it could be against their long-term interests is known as: A. Resource exploitation B. The Tragedy of the Commons C. The "collective action" model D. Privatization
B. The Tragedy of the Commons
What are reasons why the U.S. didn't ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) until long after the treaty had gone into effect (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)? A. Human rights have never been a foreign policy priority for the U.S. B. The U.S. had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty C. The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism D. President Carter opposed the idea of an international treaty
B. The U.S. had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty C. The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism
"Brain Drain" is (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. The loss of highly skilled people who have immigrated to the U.S., but leave because they have been persecuted by U.S. authorities B. The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries C. The sale of brains by poor people in LDCs to rich people in MDCs D. Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital
B. The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries D. Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital
What are some of the ways in which MNCs can promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. They can sell the private data of their customers to companies and organizations that want to use the data for political purposes B. They can use their access to markets around the world as a way of building networks based on real-time data exchanges, allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies C. They can build networks that give governments greater abilities to control their populations D. Through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more data on human rights issues
B. They can use their access to markets around the world as a way of building networks based on real-time data exchanges, allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies D. Through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more data on human rights issues
First-generation rights are also known as negative rights because: A. Negative rights are less important than positive rights B. They prohibit certain government action and are therefore based on the absence of government interference C. There are more than one generation of rights and focusing on only one generation is too limited D. There is a negative relationship between states and human rights
B. They prohibit certain government action and are therefore based on the absence of government interference
Which of the following are examples brought up by the U.S. State Department Report on the kinds of human rights violations found in specific countries (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Jailing members of the LGBTQ community B. Use of torture and rape as weapons of war C. Use of the death penalty as punishment for minor crimes D. Indiscriminate attacks on civilians and hospitals
B. Use of torture and rape as weapons of war D. Indiscriminate attacks on civilians and hospitals
What activities are key to successful intervention by UN human rights workers (think about the example of what the OHCHR staff have been doing in Serbia). (Select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers.) A. Imposing economic sanctions to punish states for violating human rights B. Working with state governments at all levels to ensure that rights are protected C. Making contacts with NGOs to make sure that everyone knows about international human rights standards D. Encouraging international organizations and local NGOs to put diplomatic and moral pressure on state governments
B. Working with state governments at all levels to ensure that rights are protected C. Making contacts with NGOs to make sure that everyone knows about international human rights standards D. Encouraging international organizations and local NGOs to put diplomatic and moral pressure on state governments
The video points to which country as having the highest homicide rates in the world? A.Guatemala B.El Salvador C.Panama D.Costa Rica E.Nicaragua
B.El Salvador
The moderator interviews an 11-year old boy who fled to the U.S. by himself because of the extreme drug-gang violence in his country. What country was this boy from? A.Costa Rica B.Honduras C.Guatemala D. El Salvador
B.Honduras
Where second-generation rights require a proactive government to act on behalf of its citizens, third-generation rights require ________________ (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A.No action B.Solidarity C.The undoing of prior acts D.International cooperation
B.Solidarity D.International cooperation
By how much has the Earth's average temperature risen since 1900? A. By 1.6 degrees Celsius B. By 16 degrees Celsius C. By 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit D. By 16 degrees Fahrenheit
By 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit
How many unaccompanied minors entered the U.S. during the 2014 crisis? A. 120,000-150,000 B. 650,000-700,000 C. 60,000-80,000 D. 10,000-20,000
C. 60,000-80,000
How many countries abstained from voting on the UDHR in 1948? A. 48 B. 0 C. 8 D. 25
C. 8
When did the world's population reach one billion people? A. At the beginning of the 20th century B. At the beginning of the 16th century C. At the beginning of the 19th century D. At the beginning of the 17th century
C. At the beginning of the 19th century
Who was instrumental in ensuring that the phrase "all men are created equal" was replaced with "all human beings are born free and equal"? A. P.C. Chang, China B. Eleanor Roosevelt, U.S.A. C. Hansa Mehta, India D. Charles Malik, Lebanon
C. Hansa Mehta, India
Population projections are not predictions but rather represent a calculation of future population size based on a set of assumptions or variants, including expected fertility rate. Which of the following variants project that the world's total population will surpass 9 Billion people by 2050 (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A. Replacement Fertility Variant B. Low Fertility Variant C. High Fertility Variant
C. High Fertility Variant
Where first-generation rights are often associated with the rights of ________________ people, second and third-generation rights reflect the rights of ________________ people. A. Some / all B. Majority / minority C. Individual / groups of D. Most / a few
C. Individual / groups of
What regions hold what percentage of the world's population? The more developed countries (MDCs) hold _________________ of the world's population, whereas the less developed countries (LDCs) hold ______________ of the world's population. A. About 30% / about 70% B. 40% / 60% C. Less than 20% / more than 80% D. 10% / 90% E. 80% / 20%
C. Less than 20% / more than 80%
Which country accepts the largest total number of immigrants worldwide? A. India B. China C. The United States D. Russia
C. The United States
In his 1798 publication, Thomas Malthus argued that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): A. Large and increasing populations are necessary for economic growth and prosperity B. Contraceptives are the most effective way of halting population growth C. The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty and human misery D. Technology and market forces can solve population growth problems through increased productivity and economic progress E. The "positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back under control
C. The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty and human misery E. The "positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back under control
Which of the following is NOT an explanation of what the UN Secretary-General means when he says: "the [corona]virus doesn't discriminate but its impacts do"? A. There are disproportionate effects on some communities because of underlying weaknesses in the delivery of public services B. The way the virus has affected populations shows structural inequalities that impede access to public services C. The virus affects only older people living in residential care facilities D. The crisis can provide a pretext to adopt repressive measures for purposes unrelated to the pandemic
C. The virus affects only older people living in residential care facilities
Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations given by the UN Secretary-General for why people with disabilities are among the hardest hit by COVID-19? A. There are too few accessible health facilities B. They face significant barriers to implement basic hygiene measures C. They have well-resourced support networks D. If people with disabilities contract COVID-19, many are more likely to develop severe health conditions which may result in death
C. They have well-resourced support networks
As discussed in the context of Uruguay, what is the role of a human rights rapporteur (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)? A. To alert the U.S. government when countries violate international commitments to human rights B. To organize peacekeeping operations so that people's human rights are protected C. To ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abuses D. To assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in a country
C. To ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abuses D. To assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in a country
The majority of the world's refugees and internally displaced people are: A. Very well fed, even if living in camps, because of the efforts of NGOs and the UNHCR B. In the United States, though the Trump administration seeks to close U.S. doors C. Women and children D. Latin American (mostly Mexican)
C. Women and children
What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"? A. population growth B. statistics C. demography D. population focus
C. demography
As discussed in the video, many of the immigrants coming into the United States are from: A.The three poorest Central American states—Panama, Belize, and Costa Rica B.Islamic countries torn by war, including Syria and Iraq C.The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones D.The Mexican state of Tabasco, which is the largest poppy growing region in the Americas
C.The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones
What is the name of the key human rights document of the post-WWII era? A.The Global Magna Charta B.Global Treaty on Human Rights C.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights D.The International Treaty of Human Rights
C.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Critics of the demographic transition model argue that: A. The model has no bearing in reality B. The model focuses too much on the postponement of marriage and not enough on structural dimensions of social change C. The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard D. The model doesn't focus enough on the variation in birth control methods in LDCs
C.The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard
As discussed in the video, why is there so much violence in the Central American states? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) A.Funding for rebel groups from Cuba and Russia B.The heavy presence of U.S. military forces (battling corrupt governments run by drug warlords) C.The prevalence of power drug gangs, with many members trained in the U.S. D.Legacies of the 1980s the civil wars and the lack of full reconciliation
C.The prevalence of power drug gangs, with many members trained in the U.S. D.Legacies of the 1980s the civil wars and the lack of full reconciliation
Which of the following is an example of second-generation rights? A. Everyone has the right to a nationality B. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile C. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment D, Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work
D, Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work
In 2014, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide was estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at: A. 1.6 billion B. 24 million C. 890,000 D. 55 million
D. 55 million
As noted in the introduction to this lesson, the world's population is currently at about A. 15 billion people B. 230 billion people C. 76 billion people D. 7.7 billion people
D. 7.7 billion people
What is replacement fertility? A. Approximately 4.2 births per woman B. Approximately 3.1 births per woman C. Approximately 1.2 births per woman D. Approximately 2.1 births per woman
D. Approximately 2.1 births per woman
The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize: A. The decline in the fertility rate occurs at the same time as the decline in the mortality rate B. Fertility rates will play a less important role than death rates C. Birth rates will increase but so will death rates, leading to stable populations D. Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline
D. Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline
Which of the following is a first-generation right? A. Everyone has the right to education B. Everyone has the right to work C. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure D. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
D. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
The role of women in population control: A. Has seen little attention in the Millennium or Sustainable Development Goals given these goals focus on rapid industrialization B. Has been downplayed at the international level because women lack political empowerment C. Has been rejected by the Trump administration as sexist D. Has been seen as central because women's empowerment tends to lead to smaller but healthier families
D. Has been seen as central because women's empowerment tends to lead to smaller but healthier families
U.S. support for international family planning programs: A. Has trailed only the support of Brazil, given that country's strong concerns about overpopulation B. Has come only through the UNDP, given U.S. distrust of local politicians C. Annually tops $740 billion D. Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs
D. Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is located: A. In Amsterdam B. In New York C. In Geneva D. In The Hague
D. In The Hague
Which of the following provides evidence that a warming planet is related to human behavior? A.Scientists generally agree that the Earth can only sustain an atmospheric concentration of carbon of about 390 parts per million B.Scientists have shown that increasing levels of carbon dioxide could impact our climate C.Scientists have argued that the increase in temperature in the nineteenth century is likely to have been the largest in any century during the past 1000 years D.Scientists have shown a close relationship between global carbon dioxide levels and average global temperatures, while demonstrating that there has been an increase in atmospheric carbon due to the burning of fossil fuels
D. Scientists have shown a close relationship between global carbon dioxide levels and average global temperatures, while demonstrating that there has been an increase in atmospheric carbon due to the burning of fossil fuels
Sovereignty assumes: A. That all power is reserved to the government and individuals do not have specific rights B. That other actors, such as MNCs, can participate in the decision-making of the government C. That other countries provide financial assistance in times of economic stress D. That countries are self-governing, have territorial integrity, and self-determination
D. That countries are self-governing, have territorial integrity, and self-determination
Prior the creation of the UDHR, what document first mentions human rights? A. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights B. The Convention against Torture C. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide D. The Preamble to the UN Charter
D. The Preamble to the UN Charter
Which UN organ can authorize military action to enforce human rights? A. The Secretariat B. The International Court of Justice C. The Trusteeship Council D. The Security Council
D. The Security Council
What does the High Commissioner for Human Rights say started the civil war in Syria? A. The disagreements between Russia and the Syrian government over the disposal of chemical agents B. Attacks against civilians in Damascus by the Islamic State C. An invasion by a joint Iranian-Saudi anti-terror unit D. The severe human rights violations (torture of children) by the Syrian government
D. The severe human rights violations (torture of children) by the Syrian government
What was the immediate context for why the UDHR was drafted (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers)? A. The U.S. Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights B. The call by U.S. President Truman to contain communism C. Cyrus the Great's proclamation of freedom, tolerance, and respect for all peoples D. The terrible atrocities committed during WWII, such as the Holocaust
D. The terrible atrocities committed during WWII, such as the Holocaust
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is typically divided into ___________ generations, or categories: A. One B. Four C. Two D. Three
D. Three
The difference between a negative and a positive obligation imposed on states by human rights rests on ______________________: A. How a government defines its sovereignty B. Whether an individual holds his/her government in positive or negative regard C. Whether or not the state has signed and ratified human rights treaties D. Whether a government needs to act to ensure that rights are protected
D. Whether a government needs to act to ensure that rights are protected
What do we mean by the term "replacement fertility"? A. It is the rate at which high death rates are off-set by high immigration B. It is a term that describes the interaction between constant patterns of childbearing and out-migration C.It is a term that implies replacing one settled population with another D.It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation
D.It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation
For how long has scientific research on carbon dioxide been conducted? A.For about 5 years B.For about 150 years C.For about 1000 years D.For about 500 years
For about 150 years
