Polydipsia and Polyuria

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hyperadrenocorticism attacks where so can't bind

attack renal area and so ADH can't bind so not concentrated

when should you not do the water deprivation test

azotemic (kidney failure/disease), dehydrated or hypercalcemic

small animals usually have Pu as the primary problem with...

compensatory polydipsia

increased water consumption causes what

compensatory polyuria

what are some disorders produce P&P

diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, hypercalcemia, hyperthyroidism, liver failure, medullary washout, pyometra, pseudopsychogenic polydipsia, renal disease, iatrogenic

what is an insulin deficiency where hyperglycemia -> glucosuria causes increased absorbable solute

diabetes mellitus

compounds that stimulate thirst by direct action on neurons in the thirst center

dipsinogenic

increased plama renin causes what

direct affect on thirst center

what is the diagnostic plan

document P&P exists data base find specific gravity perform urine concentration tests perform special diagnostic tests

what is pollakiuria

frequent urination

when do you give dextrose

get animal peeing when in renal failure

what is glucosuria

glucose in urine

increased production of glucocorticoids where ADH is inhibited at the collecting ducts

hyperadrenocorticism

cushing's disease is otherwise known as and causes what

hyperadrenocorticism; bilateral, patterned alopecia, pendulum belly, forlorn look, polyuric, Pd, Pp

cancer where ADH is inhibited - mineralization of the kidney -> chronic renal failure

hypercalcemia

the thirst center is located where

hypothalamus

alcohol causes inhibition of ADH release; acts as a diuretic effect

iatrogenic

induced by humans; usually drug-induced

iatrogenic

steroids increase/decrease appetite so cause polyphagia

increase

primary thirst causes what

intracellular dehydration and left atrial volume and pressure receptors decrease in blood volume induces thirst

glomerular filtrate with a specific gravity equal to plama which is 1.008 to 1.012

isosthenuric

furosemide is otherwise known as and can't do what

lasix; macromolecule so can't cross blood brain barrier

what are some examples of diuretics which cause diuresis

mannitol, dextrose, furosemide

disease where loss of countercurrent multiplier system

medullary washout

diabetes insipidus can be caused by what two things bc ADH

neurogenic; nephrogenic

what are some causes of pathologic thirst

neuronal irritation; compulsive water drinking; increased plasma renin; hypercalcemia; thoracic caval constriction

what do you do when you are giving the ADH response test

obtain urine SG, withhold food/water, give SQ vasopressin tannate, take urine SG at 30 min

excessive thirst persisting for long periods of time; constant drinking

polydipsia

passage of a large volume of urine in a given time; urine has decreases specific gravity

polyuria

Pd rests from a _____

primary Pu

pathologic thirst causes what

primary polydipsia

generate secondary polydipsia, stress induced so it causes them to drink a lot

pseudopsychogenic polydipsia

tubule is unresponsive to ADH

pyometra

what does vasopressin tannate do

reabsorb fluid and concentrate urine

water is reabsorbed along concentration gradients established in ______ which decreases _______

renal medulla; osmolality

what are two examples of dipsinogenic

renin and angiotensin

what is the more common cause of Pd

secondary thirst

mannitol is what and allows for what

small and allows to cross blood brain barrier

what are pituicytes and what is their function

specialized nerves found in hypothalamus and produce ADH

a desire for water

thirst

what can be used to rule out primary polydipsia

water deprivation test

what are two urine concentration tests

water deprivation tests ADH response test

Pd and Pu appear in polysystemic disorders where they manifest in a disorder in what

water homeostasis

what is important in taking a PE

weight and hydration status!!! also PCV, urine specific gravity

when should you terminate the water deprivation test

when concentrated urine is produced, weight loss of 5-7% occurs, there is an increase in plasma protein or osmalality

osmotic diuresis is what

will drink more

what is normal specific gravity

1.015

animals with urine specific gravity > ? are not Pu

1.035

what are the two principles of the Bar-Scene syndrom

1st - water in...water out 2nd overhydration vs. dehydration (intracellular)

a 25 pound dog should give out _____L of fluid filtered by glomeruli each day but less than _____mL is excreted as urine

68; 500

what is produced by pituitocytes that increases extracellular fluid osmolality --> increased ADH release --> increased collecting tubule permeability --> water to be reabsorbed

ADH

what are two Renal Concentrating Mechanism

ADH - Osmoreceptor Control System Countercurrent System

what lies adjacent to the thirst center and controls extracellular fluid osmolality

ADH Control center

the Countercurrent System is

Loops of Henle

secondary thirst causes what

anticipates water needs prior to actual deficiencies


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