POS 100 (CH 6)
A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines is...
China.
In Congressional elections, it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by a(n) __________ among journalists.
age gap
When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in...
agenda setting.
When all media outlets are covering the same story and virtually every other issue gets ignored, the media is said to be operating in _____ mode.
alarm
Early TV network news programs focused their evening news programs on _____ as a way to inspire trust in viewers.
an "anchorman"
The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to...
anonymously quote material without identifying the source.
Group leaders who follow news in specific areas are called _____ policy elites.
attentive
Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry...
dependent on advertising revenues.
The process of transmitting information from one individual to another is called...
communication.
The 2015 terrorist attacks on the offices of Charlie Hebdo in France sparked a worldwide debate about the importance of...
a free press.
More and more, cable news channels like MSNBC and Fox News seem analogous to...
early partisan newspapers.
Local television covers crime more than any other topic. As one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________ driven."
economically
The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as...
gatekeepers.
The Federal Communications Commission is a(n) _____ that is insulated from political control by the Congress or president.
independent regulatory commission
Research on the impact of soft news finds all of the following EXCEPT...
it can decrease people's levels of political knowledge.
Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters.
liberal leanings
The most commonly used source for news in America is...
local news shows on television.
A fiery quote that is picked up by the media, which then generates a spike in fundraising for the speaker, has been termed a...
money blurt.
Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of...
order.
In response to government control of the news flow in China, Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and Legos to...
recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that will avoid censors.
In 2016, Beyoncé made headlines with her single "Formation," which conveyed a political commentary on the recent...
police shootings.
The traditional division of mass media into _________ has been made problematic by the Internet.
print and broadcast
Edward R. Murrow earned his fame via _____ as he broadcast news of German air raids on London.
radio
General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View is called...
soft news.
When journalists consider it their job to be critical of politicians, searching for inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in argument, this is called...
watchdog journalism.
Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.
90%
Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that...
broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.
Counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers...
is up overall.
Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy emerged mid-century, some say, because of...
lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.
The Internet was started in...
1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense.
Microphones and cameras were banned from Congressional chambers until _____ when the House permitted live coverage.
1979
Content analysis of the 2012 presidential campaign, suggests that more "good press" focused on...
Barack Obama.
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality.
_________ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials.
The two-step flow of communication
Which president first provided space in the White House for reporters?
Theodore Roosevelt
How do the mass media influence the socialization process?
They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.
Much like newspaper circulation, news magazine circulation has declined in recent years. Today, only ________ magazine enjoys big circulation numbers.
Time
The fairness doctrine required...
broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues.
Most news printed about Congress comes from...
congressional press releases and prepared reports.
Available evidence seems to indicate that there are __________ among editors and owners of the major news media.
conservative leanings
In the 2012 presidential campaign, newspaper coverage of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was...
considered neutral in tone.
The__________ required any broadcast station that gave or sold time to a candidate for a public office to make an equal amount of time available under the same conditions to all other candidates for that office.
equal opportunities rule
The first newspapers in the United States were...
financed by political parties that advocated party causes.
Communication in a democracy must move from government to citizens and from citizens to...
government.
During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to the candidate who is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering the issues, is known as...
horse race journalism.
The text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners sought government regulation of the airwaves to...
impose order on the use of the airwaves.
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is called...
infotainment.
To stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have __________ their online content, with varying degrees of success...
instituted paywalls for
The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television...
is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.
A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _________ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.
nearly half
The phrase "off the record" means that media are...
not allowed to print the information.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an important function of the news media in our political system?
polarizing the news
The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was...
radio.
Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until the 1830s when publishers realized they could...
raise revenue through advertising.
The fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, and the reasonable access rule are all ways the FCC has...
regulated broadcast media content.
The main focus of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was to...
relax the rules governing media ownership.
Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to...
set the political agenda.
The courts usually strike down government attempts to restrain the press from disseminating information, reports, or opinions it finds newsworthy, one notable exception concerns...
strategic information during wartime.
According to campaign scholars, the more attention traditional news outlets pay to a political candidate's (such as Donald Trump's) Twitter activity,...
the better he/she will do.
Mass media refers to...
the means of communicating to audiences.
The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on _________ to help them determine which news is real and important.
the mainstream media
While most of the mass media in the U.S. is privately owned,...
they do not operate free of government regulation.
In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support.
nonprofits
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, competition for readers among the big-city dailies grew so fierce, that publishers started entertaining them with all of the following EXCEPT...
objective news stories.
Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to...
resort to negative or positive spin on the news.