POSI 1
First Amendment
right to speech, press, assembly and religion
Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.
strict-scrutiny
What Texas agency coordinates border security?
texas rangers
What was the name of the 1798 law that criminalized any speech or writings critical of the government, Congress, or the president?
the Sedition Act
The Bill of Rights protects civil liberties related to criminal procedure, including which of the following?
- protection from unreasonable searches -The right to bear arms -protection from self-incrimnation -right to a jury trial -right to an attorney
The free-exercise clause has been interpreted to mean that ______.
-Americans cannot always act on their religious beliefs if they conflict with other laws -Americans can hold any religious belief of their choosing
Freedom of expression, provided by the First Amendment, allows Americans to ______.
-communicate thoughts of their choosing -write or publish almost anything with some limits
In Engle v. Vitale (1962), the Supreme Court ruled against the reciting of prayers in public schools on grounds it violates the ______.
-government favoring one religion over another -government from supporting religion over no religion
According to this test, before speech can be restricted, the government must clearly demonstrate that a citizen's expression presents a very obvious and real danger to the public safety.
-takes precedence over the mere possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences
England's ______ gave members of Protestant sects the right to worship freely and publicly. The first Amendment reflects this tradition.
Act of Toleration
Which of the following Supreme Court cases was also known as the "Pentagon Papers" case?
NY Times Co. v. US
Eigth Amendment
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment
Fifth Amendment
Protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy
Fourth Amendment
Protection against unreasonable search and seizure
Second Amendment
Right to bear arms
The Supreme Court decision that determined that the right to privacy extended to include abortion is ______.
Roe v. Wade
What was challenged by Lawrence v. Texas (2003)?
Texas's sodomy laws
The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States established which principle?
The federal government can restrict free expression but it does not have unlimited authority to do so.
Sixth Amendment
right to a jury trial, an attorney, and to confront witnesses
Which of the following allows police to seize—and then keep or sell—any property they allege is involved in a crime?
civil asset forfeiture
According to this test, before speech can be restricted, the government must clearly demonstrate that a citizen's expression presents a very obvious and real danger to the public safety.
clear-and-present-danger test
The Texas ______ describes the rules associated with the criminal justice process in Texas.
code of criminal procedures
In Texas _____ law applies when the government seeks punishment on behalf of society or a victim.
criminal
The type of discrimination in which, despite legal protections, traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice is ______.
de facto discrimination
What constitutional amendment is of special significance for the Supreme Court when considering how to best protect individual rights from action by state and local governments?
fourteenth
Nineteenth Amendment
granted women the right to vote in 1920
The Public Safety Commission has five members. How does one become a member?
gubernatorial appt
Civil _____ refer to individual rights, such as the freedom of speech and religion, while civil_____ refer to equality under the law for different groups such as racial or religious minorities.
liberties & rights
The Sedition Act of 1798 attempted to ______.
make it a crime to publish stories that are harshly critical of the president
Which of the following refers to the power of the state to act as a caretaker for a minor and a defender of their legal interests, while at the same time acting as guardian of public safety?
police piwers doctrine
The attempt to block the publication of material considered to be harmful is known as ______ restraint.
prior
In the case of New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that ______.
prior restraint is unconstitutional without a compelling argument for the restriction
The Texas governor can grant a 30-day temporary stay of execution called a(n) ______.
reprieve
The 1977 Supreme Court case that provided guidance on the allowable restrictions on freedom of speech and freedom of assembly upheld which of the following?
the right of an American Nazi Party group to hold a parade in Skokie, a city with a large Jewish population that included Holocaust survivors