power, influence, and politics

avoid to pitfalls to effectively apply empowerment

- empowerment is not a zero-sum game where one person gain is another's loss - matter of degree, not an either- or proposition

how can I increase my own influence

- know what you what and believe you can get it -credibility -empathy -strong communication capability -be inspirational -open-mindedness

match tactics to influence outcomes

- strong at the core -important, enjoyable, friendly -believable and trustworthy -consultation trumps legitimating -schmoozing benefits are short-lived -subtlety wins long term -we can learn to influence

bad impressions

-doing only the minimum -having negative mindset -overcommitting -taking no initiative -waiting until the last minute to deliver bad news

five bases of power

-legitimate power -reward power -coercive power -expert power -reference power

six principles of persuasion

-liking -reciprocity -social proof -consistency -authority -scarcity

people's perception of politics

-negatively associated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment -Positively related to job stress and intentions to quit

empowerment outcomes

-performance -organizational citisenship behavior -Job satisfaction -turnover intentions -stress

empowerment inputs

-structural empowerment -individual differences -job satisfaction -managerial support -leadership -organizational support

legitimate power

-what most people think of as authority and is anchored to one's formal position - Positive: focus on job performance -Negative: tends to be threatening and demeaning to those being influences, if not simply an exercise in building the power holder's ego.

evolution of power

Domination: authoritarian power Consultation: influence sharing Participation: power-sharing Delegation: power distribution

three primary reactions to our attempts to manage and otherwise influence them

Resistance: Compliance: rewards, coercive, and negative legitimate power tend to produce compliance sometimes resistance Commitment: positive legitimate power, expert power, and reference power tend to foster commitment.

apply your knowledge

Step 1: set goals step 2: identify person(s) who can help you achieve that goal step 3: determine what type of influence outcome Step 4 which bases of power and tactics are most appropriate for the influence outcome you desire Step 5: explicitly describe how you apply the bases of power and tactics you chose

influence tactics

are conscious efforts to affect and change a specific behavior in others -rational persuasion -inspirational appeals -consultation -ingratiation -personal appeals - exchange -pressure -legitimating tactics

organizational politics

are intentional acts of influence to enhance or protects the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed by or align with those of the organization

personal power

as they are sources of influence that you possess independent of your position or job

position power

because the source of influence is associated with a particular job or position within an organization

tendency to assign blame for failure to

blame others blame oneself deny blame

referent power

comes into play when one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance

empowerment

defines as efforts to enhance employee performance, well-being, and positive attitudes

reward power

have if they can obtain compliance by promising or granting rewards

hard tactics

involve more overt pressure -exchange coalition pressure legitimate tactics

coalition

is an informal group bound together by the active pursuit of a single issue

structural empowerment

is based on transferring authority and responsibilities from management to employees

psychological empowerment

meaning competence self-determination Impact at work

levels of political action in organizations

network level: the cooperative pursuit of general interests coalition level : cooperative pursuit of group interests in specific issues individual level: individual pursuit of general self-interests

coercive power

the ability to make threats of punishment and deliver actual punishment

power

the ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done

soft tactics

they are friendlier than, and not as coercive as, hard tactics -rational persuasion -inspirational appeals - consultation -integration -personal appeals

expert power

valued knowledge or information gives an individual