PRAC 2

Which of the following descriptions exemplifies a scientific relationship?

Children who receive frequent teacher approval are more likely to stay on task.

What are the commonly used ways to clarify unclear terms in a research question?

Constitutive definitions, definitions by example, and operational definitions

Adopting ethical principles in research means?

Deception is only used when necessary

Which of the following is not a professional guideline concerning the use of deception?

Deception is permitted in studies involving children with parental consent

Which of the following is a good research question?

Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching behaviors?

Which of the following is a good research question?

Does the phonics or the whole-language approach to reading lead to higher achievement?

A radical perspective on ethics suggests that?

Ethics should be based on self-reflexivity

"Controlled group" is a term used in:

Experimental research

Which of the following would not be an appropriate synonym for the dependent variable?

Experimental variable

Good research questions are:

Feasible, clear, significant snd ethical

Researchers need to be familiar with these three basic types of sources:

General resources, primary resources, and secondary resources

This federal agency has the major responisibility for establishing the guidelines for research involving human subjects.

Health and Human Services

Interviewing is the favored approach, except when:

High numbers of respondents are needed

In conducting secondary data analysis, researchers ask themselves all of the following, except:

How can respondents be re-interviewed?

Which of the following is the first step in starting he research process?

Identification of problem

Which of the following is an example of unethical practices?

If some of the results in a research study are different from the others, it is okay to delete the different ones

Which of the following is not one of the steps involved in a literature review?

Ignore secondary sources

The primary advantage that the World Wide Web has brought to literature reviews is

Immediate access to a wide variety of current materials

The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment is called the

Independent variable

What is Bibliometry?

Information Management Tool

Which of the following is not a good research question?

Is it good to include civics courses in the high school curriculum?

Qualitative research is used in all the following circumstances. Except:

It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest

The most directly pertinent information to read in a literature review will usually come from

Journal articles and research reports

In order for a question to qualify as a research question, the researcher must be able to:

Make observations and then analyze these to find an answer

What are the two main ways to do a literature search?

Manually and electronically with a computer

In qualitative research, sampling that involves selecting diverse cases is referred to as:

Maximum variation sampling

The significance level

Measures the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

Validity in interviews is strengthened by the following, except:

Multiple questions cover the same theme

Which of the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

Numerical aptitude

A meta-analysis is a method researchers use to

Obtain a complete set of references about a sepcified topic

Plagiarism can be avoided by:

Paraphrasing the author's text in your own words

Inductive logic proceeds from:

Particular to general

Which of the following descriptor combinations will produce the most references?

Peer editing or peer groups or writing instruction

Which of the following is one type of subject-completed instrument used in educational research?

Performance tests

The five types of researcher-completed instruments used in educational research are

Rating scales, tally sheets, flowcharts, performance checklists, interview schedules

To predict the value of the dependent variable for a new case based on the knowledge of one or more independent variable, we would use:

Regression analysis

Which of the following is not ethical practice in research with humans?

Requiring participants to continue until the study has been completed

The ethical principle that data collection from subjects should be kept confidential means that

Researchers should never reveal the names of participants when they report results

In the process of conducting research Formulation of Hypothesis is followed by:

Selection of Research Tools

If a researcher studies fourth-grade students to determine the effects of rewarding good behavior on subsequent behavior, which of the following is least likely to be an extraneous variable?

Student grade level

An exmaple of a categorical variable is

The length the teacher has to walk from the office to her class

Which of the following best describes how research should usually be presented in the body of a literature review report?

The major findings of the study should be breifly reported

A type 1 error occurs in a situation where

The null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true

All of the following are sources of secondary data, except:

The researcher's research diary

The measure of the extent to which responses vary from the mean is called:

The standard deviation

Which of the following is a constitutive definition of self-esteem?

The value one placed on oneself

A researcher conducted an experiment to see in increasing water consumption lessens the visible effects of rosacea, a common skin condition. The dependent variable in this experiment was

The visible condition of the skin

An example of a quantitative variable is the

Time taken to complete a spatial reasoning task

Questionnaire is a:

Tool for data collection

Avoiding naive empiricism in the interpretation of visual data means:

Understanding the content in which they were produced

When does the scientific community permit research that may cause participants harm?

When the potential value of the study for humas is very high

Which of the following questions meets the criteria of a well-formulated research question?

Will the use of peer critiques improve college student's compositions?

Study participants should always be told of their right to

Withdraw from participation in the study

A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called:

a bar chart

Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by managers and other professionals to address issues in their organizations and/or professional practice?

action research

Active listening skills means:

attentive listening

Which term measure the extent to which scores from a test can be used to infer or predict performance in some activity?

construct validity

A qualitative research problem statement:

conveys a sense of emerging design

Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

deductive reasoning

These variable is influenced by the independent variable

dependent

An appropriate source to find out descriptive information is:

encyclopedia

A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence job-seeking behaviors. The main purpose of the study was?

explanation

Cyber bullying at work is a growig threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to find out why people di this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is?

exploration

Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not recommended by

grounded theory

In preparing for a presentation, you should do all of the following, except:

ignore your nerves

Which variables are those that a researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effects on one or more other variables?

indepent

Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?

inductive method

If a researcher interviews a principal about the characteristics of the district superintendent, the principal is a

informant

A theory:

is an accumulated body of knowledge

Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?

is dependent on the completion of other subjects

Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as?

mixed method research

One researcher classified the participants as "good", "average", or "poor" readers. This researcher used a(n)

ordinal scale

Information is:

organized data

Which of the following is not one the five type of researcher-completed instruments used in educational research?

personality or character inventory

Conference proceedings are considered as ______ documents:

primary

An instrument that could be used to grade pottery that students created in a visual arts class is a(n)

product rating scale

A scale on which opposing adjectives are presented is called a

semantic differential

Which of the following type of items is not a selection item?

short answer

An instrument that identifies how individuals relate to peers is called a(n)

sociometric device

Performance instruments are used to measure

success on a task

When designing a questionnaire it is important to do each of the following, except:

use leading questions

You can create interest in your presentation by:

using metaphors

Which of the following is not an SPSS Type variable?

word

Which correlation is the strongest?

-1.00

Which of the following is an example of a disadvantage of searching the World Wide Web?

-Lack of credibility

Which of the following best describes the development process for a research question?

A broad question is made more specific as terms are more clearly defined.

Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?

A large sample based on random sampling

To compare the performance of a group at time T1 and then at T2, we would use:

A paired t-test

A hypothesis can be described as

A prediction of some sort regarding the possible outcomes of a study

Action research means:

A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

Which of the following is least likely to be a promary source?

A textbook

Which of thefollowing statements best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?

A theoretical prediction can be stated as a sepcific hypothesis

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called?

An independent variable

An educational psychology student who conducts dissertation research using human participants must obtain formal approval that the research meets ethical guidelines from:

An institutional, college, or department review board

Which of the following is the foremost ethical questions a researcher must address?

Are participants protected from harm?

Which of the following statements exemplifies ethical research practice?

As a student of a university, you are not required to participate in any study

Which of the following is a possible operational definition for "motivated to learn science?"

As measured by the "science interest" questionnaire

Which generally cannot be guaranteed in conducting qualitative studies in the field?

Assuring anonymity rather than just confidentiality

Who is protected by the law of privileged communications?

Attorneys, physicians, and members of the clergy