PRAC 2
Which of the following descriptions exemplifies a scientific relationship?
Children who receive frequent teacher approval are more likely to stay on task.
What are the commonly used ways to clarify unclear terms in a research question?
Constitutive definitions, definitions by example, and operational definitions
Adopting ethical principles in research means?
Deception is only used when necessary
Which of the following is not a professional guideline concerning the use of deception?
Deception is permitted in studies involving children with parental consent
Which of the following is a good research question?
Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching behaviors?
Which of the following is a good research question?
Does the phonics or the whole-language approach to reading lead to higher achievement?
A radical perspective on ethics suggests that?
Ethics should be based on self-reflexivity
"Controlled group" is a term used in:
Experimental research
Which of the following would not be an appropriate synonym for the dependent variable?
Experimental variable
Good research questions are:
Feasible, clear, significant snd ethical
Researchers need to be familiar with these three basic types of sources:
General resources, primary resources, and secondary resources
This federal agency has the major responisibility for establishing the guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Health and Human Services
Interviewing is the favored approach, except when:
High numbers of respondents are needed
In conducting secondary data analysis, researchers ask themselves all of the following, except:
How can respondents be re-interviewed?
Which of the following is the first step in starting he research process?
Identification of problem
Which of the following is an example of unethical practices?
If some of the results in a research study are different from the others, it is okay to delete the different ones
Which of the following is not one of the steps involved in a literature review?
Ignore secondary sources
The primary advantage that the World Wide Web has brought to literature reviews is
Immediate access to a wide variety of current materials
The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment is called the
Independent variable
What is Bibliometry?
Information Management Tool
Which of the following is not a good research question?
Is it good to include civics courses in the high school curriculum?
Qualitative research is used in all the following circumstances. Except:
It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
The most directly pertinent information to read in a literature review will usually come from
Journal articles and research reports
In order for a question to qualify as a research question, the researcher must be able to:
Make observations and then analyze these to find an answer
What are the two main ways to do a literature search?
Manually and electronically with a computer
In qualitative research, sampling that involves selecting diverse cases is referred to as:
Maximum variation sampling
The significance level
Measures the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis
Validity in interviews is strengthened by the following, except:
Multiple questions cover the same theme
Which of the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?
Numerical aptitude
A meta-analysis is a method researchers use to
Obtain a complete set of references about a sepcified topic
Plagiarism can be avoided by:
Paraphrasing the author's text in your own words
Inductive logic proceeds from:
Particular to general
Which of the following descriptor combinations will produce the most references?
Peer editing or peer groups or writing instruction
Which of the following is one type of subject-completed instrument used in educational research?
Performance tests
The five types of researcher-completed instruments used in educational research are
Rating scales, tally sheets, flowcharts, performance checklists, interview schedules
To predict the value of the dependent variable for a new case based on the knowledge of one or more independent variable, we would use:
Regression analysis
Which of the following is not ethical practice in research with humans?
Requiring participants to continue until the study has been completed
The ethical principle that data collection from subjects should be kept confidential means that
Researchers should never reveal the names of participants when they report results
In the process of conducting research Formulation of Hypothesis is followed by:
Selection of Research Tools
If a researcher studies fourth-grade students to determine the effects of rewarding good behavior on subsequent behavior, which of the following is least likely to be an extraneous variable?
Student grade level
An exmaple of a categorical variable is
The length the teacher has to walk from the office to her class
Which of the following best describes how research should usually be presented in the body of a literature review report?
The major findings of the study should be breifly reported
A type 1 error occurs in a situation where
The null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true
All of the following are sources of secondary data, except:
The researcher's research diary
The measure of the extent to which responses vary from the mean is called:
The standard deviation
Which of the following is a constitutive definition of self-esteem?
The value one placed on oneself
A researcher conducted an experiment to see in increasing water consumption lessens the visible effects of rosacea, a common skin condition. The dependent variable in this experiment was
The visible condition of the skin
An example of a quantitative variable is the
Time taken to complete a spatial reasoning task
Questionnaire is a:
Tool for data collection
Avoiding naive empiricism in the interpretation of visual data means:
Understanding the content in which they were produced
When does the scientific community permit research that may cause participants harm?
When the potential value of the study for humas is very high
Which of the following questions meets the criteria of a well-formulated research question?
Will the use of peer critiques improve college student's compositions?
Study participants should always be told of their right to
Withdraw from participation in the study
A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called:
a bar chart
Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by managers and other professionals to address issues in their organizations and/or professional practice?
action research
Active listening skills means:
attentive listening
Which term measure the extent to which scores from a test can be used to infer or predict performance in some activity?
construct validity
A qualitative research problem statement:
conveys a sense of emerging design
Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?
deductive reasoning
These variable is influenced by the independent variable
dependent
An appropriate source to find out descriptive information is:
encyclopedia
A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence job-seeking behaviors. The main purpose of the study was?
explanation
Cyber bullying at work is a growig threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to find out why people di this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is?
exploration
Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not recommended by
grounded theory
In preparing for a presentation, you should do all of the following, except:
ignore your nerves
Which variables are those that a researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effects on one or more other variables?
indepent
Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?
inductive method
If a researcher interviews a principal about the characteristics of the district superintendent, the principal is a
informant
A theory:
is an accumulated body of knowledge
Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?
is dependent on the completion of other subjects
Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as?
mixed method research
One researcher classified the participants as "good", "average", or "poor" readers. This researcher used a(n)
ordinal scale
Information is:
organized data
Which of the following is not one the five type of researcher-completed instruments used in educational research?
personality or character inventory
Conference proceedings are considered as ______ documents:
primary
An instrument that could be used to grade pottery that students created in a visual arts class is a(n)
product rating scale
A scale on which opposing adjectives are presented is called a
semantic differential
Which of the following type of items is not a selection item?
short answer
An instrument that identifies how individuals relate to peers is called a(n)
sociometric device
Performance instruments are used to measure
success on a task
When designing a questionnaire it is important to do each of the following, except:
use leading questions
You can create interest in your presentation by:
using metaphors
Which of the following is not an SPSS Type variable?
word
Which correlation is the strongest?
-1.00
Which of the following is an example of a disadvantage of searching the World Wide Web?
-Lack of credibility
Which of the following best describes the development process for a research question?
A broad question is made more specific as terms are more clearly defined.
Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?
A large sample based on random sampling
To compare the performance of a group at time T1 and then at T2, we would use:
A paired t-test
A hypothesis can be described as
A prediction of some sort regarding the possible outcomes of a study
Action research means:
A research initiated to solve an immediate problem
Which of the following is least likely to be a promary source?
A textbook
Which of thefollowing statements best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?
A theoretical prediction can be stated as a sepcific hypothesis
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called?
An independent variable
An educational psychology student who conducts dissertation research using human participants must obtain formal approval that the research meets ethical guidelines from:
An institutional, college, or department review board
Which of the following is the foremost ethical questions a researcher must address?
Are participants protected from harm?
Which of the following statements exemplifies ethical research practice?
As a student of a university, you are not required to participate in any study
Which of the following is a possible operational definition for "motivated to learn science?"
As measured by the "science interest" questionnaire
Which generally cannot be guaranteed in conducting qualitative studies in the field?
Assuring anonymity rather than just confidentiality
Who is protected by the law of privileged communications?
Attorneys, physicians, and members of the clergy
