practical #2
Which digit is the radius closest to?
1
Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges?
1
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many phalanges are located in the hand?
14
At what stimulus frequency was maximal tetanic tension developed?
146
How many bones make up the nasal septum?
2
How many ribs make up the rib cage?
24
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
3
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.
3-5
In the lab, a researcher finds that the threshold stimulus to induce an action potential in a muscle fiber's sarcolemma was 3.0 volts. Which of the following would result in muscle tension?
3.0 and 4.0 volts
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
7
Name the number of tarsals.
7
How many carpals make up the wrist?
8
Which of the following molecules is NOT thought to accumulate during muscle fatigue?
ATP
Which of the following occurs first?
An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.
Which of the following occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin?
An action potential was always seen at R1.
Which of the following does NOT describe treppe?
An increase in stimulus intensity is required to see the effect.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas - axis
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.
CRIBIFORM PLATES
Which of the following occurs during the latent period of muscle contraction?
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Which of the following situations delay the development of muscle fatigue the longest?
Consistent interruptions of muscle stimulation
Which of the following describes how increasing the duration of the rest period affected muscle tension?
Increasing the duration of the rest period increased the duration of the subsequent maximal tension.
What might be occurring on a molecular level during the rest periods?
Intracellular ADP and inorganic phosphate are decreasing.
If an increase in extracellular potassium hyperpolarizes a neuron, which of the following would be correct?
It would change the membrane potential to a more negative value.
why does wave summation occur?
Muscle fibers are partially contracted when the next stimulus arrives.
Which of the following is true of the maximum stimulus frequency?
No greater muscle force can be generated and the muscle has reached maximal tetanic tension.
What effect did decreasing the extracellular sodium have on the resting membrane potential?
Only a small change occurred, because the resting neuron is not very permeable to sodium.
Identify the location of the occipital bone.
Posterior surface and base of the cranium
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.
Styloid process
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
This indentation of the sarcolemma carries electrical signals deep into the muscle cells.
T tubule
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?
T12
Which of the following describes a depolarization?
The membrane becomes less polarized.
As the stimulus voltage was increased in this activity, which of the following occurred?
The muscle force generated increased.
Which of the following does NOT describe tetanus?
The muscle relaxes fully between contractions.
Which of the following occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin?
The number of action potentials decreased.
Which of the following statements about muscles of the forearm is true?
The pronator teres originates on the medial epicondyle and inserts on the radius.
Which of the following describes the relaxation phase?
The sarcomeres are increasing in length, and the force generated decreases.
Why are the muscles that move the fingers and wrist located in the forearm?
This design allows the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of bulky muscles.
Identify the primary region of the ulna that forms the hinge joint with the humerus.
Trochlear notch
Which of the following describes the relationship between stimulus frequency and muscle tension?
When stimulus frequency increases, muscle tension increases to a maximum value.
A nerve is _______.
a bundle of axons
The sella turcica is best described as:
a depression
A muscle fiber is ________.
a muscle cell
The membrane potential that occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors is called _______.
a postsynaptic potential
Treppe is the phenomenon that results in _______.
a progressive increase in the force generated with repetitive stimulation
Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.
a projection on the mandible
Which of the following describes a change from the resting membrane potential?
a receptor potential, a synaptic potential or an action potential
Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.
a shallow depression
A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in _______.
a small depolarization at the recieving end of the neuron
The teres major adducts the arm but does not __________ the arm.
abduct
The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________.
abduct the arm
Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________.
abduction
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
acetabulum
The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________.
acromion of the scapula
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
acromion process
Which region of the scapula does articulate with another bone?
acromion process
This contractile protein forms the thin filaments.
actin
One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________.
adduct the arm
A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________.
adduction
The primary action of muscle on the medial compartment of the thigh is ________.
adduction of the thigh
The medial muscles of the hip joint that insert on the linea aspera are the __________.
adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus
A synaptic cleft, or synaptic gap, can be found between a neuron and ______.
all of these
The receptor potential _______.
amplitude can vary with the stimulus intensity, requires the appropriate stimulus and can be graded with a stimulus intensity
A depolarizing synaptic potential is also known as _______.
an excitatory postsynaptic potential
Which of the following is not true of the deep fascia of the leg?
an insertion of the majority of lower leg muscles
The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________.
anconeus
Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.
anterior chamber
The origin of the rectus femoris is the ____________.
anterior inferior illiac spine
The origin of the Sartorius muscle is from the __________ spine.
anterior superior iliac
The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________.
anterior, middle, and posterior
At the completion of supinator action, the palm is turned __________.
anteriorly
Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?
appendicular
The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas?
appendicular sckeleton
The release of neurotransmitter occurs _______.
at the axon terminal
An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs _______.
at the receiving end of the interneuron
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
atlas
At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.
attaches to fibers of another facial muscle
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
axis
The conducting region of the neuron is the _______.
axon
Forearm supination is assisted by the __________.
biceps brachii
Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.
body
identify the central portion of the sternum
body
Muscle twitches overlap with _______.
both fused and unfused tetanus
The dark band of skeletal muscle consists of ________.
both thick and thin filaments
The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________.
brachialais
Which of the following muscles is not part of the shoulder?
brachialis
This muscle compresses the cheek when you whistle.
buccinator
Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone"
calcaneus
The soleus and the gastrocnemius share an insertion on the __________.
calcaneus
Identify the bones that make up the wrist.
carpals
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.
cheek
Which of the following structures is highly vascular?
choroid
Identify the muscular structure that anchors the lens in place.
ciliary body
The pectoralis major muscle can be divided into groups of fibers superior, or __________, and inferior, or __________.
clavicular; sternocostal
Which of the following produced an increase in stimulus frequency?
clicking the mouse in rapid succession
Identify the tailbone.
coccyx
Identify the common name for the clavicle.
collarbone
Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________.
color of the muscle
Which of the following is matched correctly?
complete tetanus - fused tetanus
The buccinator muscle __________.
compresses the cheeks
The actions of the internal obliques include __________.
compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration
We describe the regeneration of the action potential down the membrane of the axon of the neuron as _______.
conduction or propagnation
Identify the incorrect statement regarding the vitreous body.
consists of a thin, watery fluid
The deep posterior extensor of the wrist and fingers __________.
controls the thumb and index finger
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
coracoid process
The coracobrachialis muscle originates on the __________.
coracoid process of the scapula
Identify the structure that allows light to first enter the eye.
cornea
Identify the part of the mandible that serves as a site of attachment for the temporalis muscle.
coronoid process
Identify the landmark that serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.
crista galli
Which of the following occurs during the contraction phase?
cross-bridge cycling is taking place
The brachialis muscle is located __________ to the biceps brachii muscle.
deep
The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, as well as __________.
deep and superficial layers
This muscle works as a fixator of the shoulder when you attempt to lift a heavy table with your forearm.
deltiod
Of the nine muscles that cross the shoulder joint and insert on the humerus, which muscle is considered to be a prime mover?
deltoid
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.
demi-facet
This pair of muscles includes the prime mover of inspiration, and its synergist.
diaphragm and external intercostals
Where in the skeleton is the ulna located in reference to the humerus?
distal
Calcium and magnesium are both _______.
divalent cations
The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________.
elevation
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?
elongated spinous process
To reach threshold, the amount of sodium _______.
entering the cell must overcome the potassium exiting
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?
ethmoid
The main action of the fibularis longus is to __________.
evert the foot
A muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh will ________ the knee, whereas a muscle on the posterior surface will ________ the knee.
extend, flex
The gluteus maximus is the most powerful muscle during __________.
extension
The extensor muscle that branches to form four tendons on the back of the hand is the __________.
extensor digitorum
The prime mover of wrist extension is the __________.
extensor digitorum
The two muscles that insert on the fifth phalanx or on the fifth metatarsal are the __________.
extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
external auditory meatus
Which of the following categories is the best fit for the zygomatic arch?
facial
The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________.
facial nerve
The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.
false
The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.
false
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
false
The iris divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments.
false
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
false
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
false
The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
false
The pupil can adjust its size independent of the iris.
false
Each of the elements that make up a skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue. Which words below correctly pair the connective tissue layer with the corresponding muscle structure?
fascicle: perimysium
The lateral rotators act on the __________.
femur
Which bone articulates in the acetabulum?
femur
What is the correct order of structures as you move from outside a muscle cell, to deep inside it?
fiber, myofibril, myofiliment
Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.
fibula
Identify the non-weight bearing bone of the lower limb.
fibula
Eversion of the foot is a function of the __________.
fibularis longus
The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________.
five through twelve
Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________.
flex the leg at the knee
The soleus muscle __________ the foot at the ankle and is innervated by the __________.
flexes; tibial nerve
Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________.
flexion and extension
The brachioradialis is a strong forearm __________.
flexor
Which superficial flexor muscle of the forearm is the most lateral?
flexor carpi radilais
Which muscle is a superficial anterior flexor muscle?
flexor digitorum superficialis
Which muscle of the wrist and fingers is a deep anterior flexor?
flexor pollicis longus
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
floor of the skull
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
foramen magnum
Which of the following foramen convey a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
foramen rotundum
During muscle fatigue, the ____________ decreases.
force of contraction
What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?
forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity
Identify the true statement about the head of the ulna.
found at the distal end of the bone
Wrist abduction occurs through the actions of __________ muscles.
four
which of the following bones is unpaired
frontal
This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed.
gastrocnemius
The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the __________.
gastrocnemius muscle
The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the __________.
glenohumeral joint
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
glenoid cavity
Like the deltoid muscle that lies over and abducts the shoulder, these two muscles lie over the hip and are prime movers of hip abduction. Neither muscle extends the hip.
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Which of the following landmarks found on the proximal end of the humerus?
greater tubercule
Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip.
hamstrings
The quadriceps are the prime movers of knee extension. Which muscle group is an antagonist to knee extension?
hamstrings
Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.
head
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
head
What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?
head
identify the region of the radius that articulates with the ulna
head
All the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles combine at which location?
humeral head
Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.
hyaline cartilage
An axon that is more negative than the resting membrane potential is said to be _______.
hyperpolarized
The iliacus and the psoas major muscles are collectively known as the ____________ muscle because they share a common insertion on the __________ of the femur
iliopsoas; lesser trochanter
The majority of the fibers of the gluteus maximus insert onto the __________
iliotibial tract
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
illiac crest
Identify the region of the coxal bone that articulates with the sacrum.
illium
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
illium
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
illium
Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.
in between the orbits
Which of the following produced an increase in stimulus intensity?
inc the voltage applied
When the intensity of the appropriate stimulus was increased, the amplitude of the response _______.
increased
As the stimulus voltage increased, the resulting muscle tension _______.
increased to a point until it reached a plateau
Which of the following would result in fused or unfused tetanus compared to a single muscle twitch?
increasing the stimuls frequency
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
inferior articular processes
Where is the mandibular fossa located?
inferior surface of the zygomatic process
Carpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by __________.
inflammation of the flexor retinaculum and/or tendon sheaths
The origin of the long head of the triceps brachii is on the __________.
infragleniod tubercule of the scapula
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.
infraorbital foramen
The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________.
insteration
The transversus abdominus muscle is innervated by the __________.
intercostals nerves
The flexor hallucis longus muscle originates on the __________.
interosseous membrane
All fibers of the pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the__________.
intertubercular sulcus
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
intervertebral discs
Identify the specific process by which the clavicle develops.
intramembranous ossification
The actions of the muscles that cross the hip do not include __________.
inversion
The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle and also assists in __________ of the foot.
inversion
Identify the structure that regulates the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.
iris
The hamstring muscles originate on the __________.
ischial tuberosity
The long head of the biceps femoris muscle originates on the __________.
ischial tuberosity
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
ishial tuberosity
The rectus femoris muscle extends the leg at the __________.
knee
The tensor fasciae latae stabilizes the hip joint and the __________ joint.
knee
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.
lacrimal
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
lacrimal bone
Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.
lambdoid
The trapezius muscle may be separated into all of the following groups, except __________.
lateral
Where is the radius located in reference to the ulna?
lateral
The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________.
lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur
An origin of the supinator is the __________.
lateral epicondyl of the humerous
Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?
lateral epicondyle
Name the noticeable bump on the outside of the ankle.
lateral malleolus
The actions of the rhomboid major on the scapula do not include __________.
lateral rotation
The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________.
latissimus dorsi
The channels that provide for the movement of potassium in the resting neuron are _______.
leakage
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.
lesser wings
Which of the following is used to block pain?
lidocaine
In the presence of lidocaine, the action potential was NOT affected at R1 because _______.
lidocaine was applied downstream of R1
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
linea aspera
To keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity the rotator cuff muscles must be __________.
located in the same plane
What type of bone is a phalanx?
long
What type of bone is the fibula?
long
What type of bones are the phalanges?
long
The typical concentration of sodium is _______.
lower than potassium intracellularly
Which of the following landmarks can be found on both the tibia and fibula?
malleoli
Identify the skull bone that can move independent of head movement.
mandible
The masseter is innervated by the _____________ branch of the trigeminal nerve.
mandibular
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.
mandibular condyle
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
mandibular condyle
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
mandibular fossa
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
mandibular fossa
Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.
mandibular notch
Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.
manubrium
This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.
masseter
which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw
maxillary
which of the following facial bones contains a sinus?
maxillary
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?
medial
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
medial and lateral condyles
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
medial and proximal
An insertion of the fibularis longus is the __________.
medial cuneiform
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
medial malleolus
The key actions of the pectoralis major muscle are __________.
medial rotation and adduction
The masseter muscle originates on the __________.
medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch
Which of the following is NOT a functional region of a neuron?
medullary
Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand.
metacarpals
Identify the bones that make up the middle portion of the foot.
metatarsals
A suprathreshold stimulus results in _______.
more action potwntials
A neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a ________.
motor unit
Increasing the applied voltage in the simulation corresponds to which in vivo event?
motor unit recruitment
Which of the following terms are NOT used interchangeably?
motor unit-motor neuron
In this activity, why did the muscle force decrease over time?
muscle fatigue developed
From gross to microscopic, the parts of a muscle are ________.
muscle, fascicle, fiber
This contractile protein is shaped like a golf club.
myosin
which facial bone makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose
nasal
which of the following bones do not contain a sinus
nasal
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?
nasal septum
The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
neck
Increasing the voltage resulted in which of the following?
no change
When the calcium was removed from the extracellular solution, _______.
no neurotransmitter was released
Which of the following statements about muscles of the elbow joint is true?
none of these
A single action potential is described as _______.
not graded
Identify the large hole found in this bone.
obturator foramen
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
occipital bone- atlas
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.
occipital condyles
Identify the occipital bone landmark that can not be palpated from the surface of the head.
occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
occipital condyles
Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the humerus.
olecranon fossa
Identify the region of the ulna that articulates with the humerus when the forearm is in full extension.
olecranon process
Which of the following responded to a chemical stimulus?
olfactory receptor
The latissimus dorsi inserts __________.
on the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Which movement is not associated with the scapula?
opposition
Which of the following regions is known as the blind spot?
optic disc
Which cranial nerve carries visual information from the eyeball to the brain?
optic nerve
This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.
orbicularis oculi
Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.
palatine bone
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?
palatine process
The palmaris longus inserts on the __________.
palmar aponeurosis
Identify the bone that articulates superiorly with the temporal bone.
parietal bone
The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the __________.
pectoral nerves
This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.
pectoralis major
Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.
perpendicular plate
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the nasal septum?
perpendicular plate
What type of joint is formed between the radius and ulna?
pivot
The most powerful movement at the ankle joint is __________, and the ________ is one of the prime movers of this movement.
plantar flexion; gastrocnemius
To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint.
popliteus
Where is the vitreous body located?
posterior segment
The biceps femoris is located in the __________.
posterior thigh
The muscles that extend the forearm are located __________.
posteriorly
The ball and socket joint in the hip is similar to the ball and socket joint of the shoulder but is designed more for __________ than ___________.
power; precision
Movement of the forearm includes __________.
pronation and supination
Of all the flexor muscles of the forearm, the __________ is the shortest.
pronator teres
The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.
pubic bone
All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________.
radial nerve
The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________.
radial tuberosity
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the __________.
radial tuberosity
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________.
radial tuberosity
The interosseous membrane is located between the __________.
radius and ulna
The receptor potential is generated at the _______.
receiving region
Where does the acetylcholine that stimulates muscle contraction bind?
receptors in the motor end playe
Identify the primary function of the ethmoidal sinuses.
reduce the weight of the skull
Which of the following can trigger a muscle twitch?
release of acetylcholine or electrical stimulation
Identify the neural layer.
retina
What regions of the hip bones articulate to form a symphysis?
right and left pubic bodies
The scapula is the site of origin of a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Identify this muscle group.
rotator cuff
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
sacral
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
sacral region
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.
sacrum
The entire length of longissimus muscle extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the __________.
sacrum
The piriformis originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.
sacrum; greater trochanter of the femur
The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?
sagittal
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
sagittal suture
The actual contractile units of muscles extend from Z disc to Z disc. They are ________.
sarcomeres
Commonly called as the "tailors muscle," this muscle allows one to sit in a cross-legged position.
sartorius
The anterior muscles of the thigh that originate on the os coxae are __________.
sartorius; rectus femoris
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally.
scapula
Identify the bone that makes up the pectoral girdle with the clavicle.
scapula
Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle?
scapular protraction and rotation
Name the largest portion of the fibrous layer.
sclera
Identify the parts of the fibrous layer.
sclera and cornea
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
sella turcica
The stimulus for graded potentials includes _______.
sensory stimuli and neurotransmitter
To allow movement of the tendons within the carpal tunnel zone, each tendon is encased in a __________.
sheath
Which of the following is NOT a phase of a muscle twitch?
shortening phase
The effects of lidocaine and tetrodotoxin were _______.
similar, but tetrodotoxin had a greater effect
Establishing the resting membrane potential requires energy through the use of the _______.
sodium-potassium pump
which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor
sphenoid
All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the __________.
spinal acessory nerve
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
spine
Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.
spinous process
When both muscles of this pair are contracted simultaneously, they flex the neck forward.
sternocleidomastoid
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially.
sternum
To transition from unfused tetanus to fused tetanus, _______.
stimulus frequency increased
The mandible is not responsible for:
structure of the palate
Identify the projection found on distal end of the ulna.
styloid process
Which of the following regions of the radius help form the wrist joint?
styloid process
The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________.
superior gluteal nerve
The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________.
superior to the rhomboid major
Identify the type of movement enabled by the articulation between the radius and ulna at the elbow.
supination
The space between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is called the ________.
synaptic cleft
Identify the type of joint found between the distal end of the tibia and fibula (distal tibiofibular joint).
syndesmosis
Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
talus
The temporalis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.
temporal fossa; coronoid process of mandible
Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
temporal process
This strong, cord-like structure attaches muscles to bones.
tendon
The posterior scapular muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________.
teres major
Which of the following muscle does not form part of the rotator cuff?
teres major
Which of the following blocks voltage-gated sodium channels?
tetrodotoxin and lidocaine
Which of the following was able to detect pressure?
the Pacinian corpuscle and the free nerve ending
Which deep posterior extensor of the wrist originates on the radius and ulna and interosseous membrane?
the abductor pollicis longus
At a chemical synapse, the intensity of the stimulus is coded by _______.
the amount of neurotransmitter released and the amount of calcium that enters the axon terminal
When magnesium was added to the extracellular solution, _______.
the amount of neurotransmitter released decreased
Identify the areas that are filled with aqueous humor.
the anterior and posterior chambers
The neuromuscular junction consists of ________.
the axon terminal coming into close proximity to a muscle fiber
A motor unit is defined as _______.
the axon terminals of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it stimulates
The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________.
the calcaneus
Sensory transduction is defined as _______.
the conversion of a stimulus to a change in membrane potential
When acetylcholine binds to its receptors, it results in __________.
the end plate potential, a graded depolarization, and a change in ion permeability
Increasing the strength of the stimulus applied to the sensory receptor increased _______.
the frequency of action potentials in the sensory neuron, the amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron and the frequency of action potentials in the interneuron
NO force is generated during which of the following?
the latent period
Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.
the location of their origin and insertion
Which stimulus was at or above threshold?
the moderate and strong stimuli
When wave summation occurs, _______.
the muscle force generated increases
Which of the following is proportional to the amount of tension produced by a skeletal muscle?
the number of motor units activated
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina
the olfactory nerve (CN I)
Which of the following statements about receptor potentials is FALSE?
the receptor potential is carried by neuroglia
What effect did increasing the extracellular potassium have on the resting membrane potential?
the resting membrane potential became less negative
Which of the following does NOT describe graded potentials?
they are always depolorizing
Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________.
thigh
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?
thoracic
The minimum voltage that is required to generate an action potential is called the _______.
threshold voltage
What is the minimum voltage needed to generate active force in the skeletal muscle?
threshold voltage
Which digit is composed of only two phalanges?
thumb
Identify the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur.
tibia
Name the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur.
tibia
Identify the 2 bones that the fibula articulates with in the skeleton.
tibia and talus
The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the __________.
tibial nerve
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
tibial tuberosity
The prime mover of dorsiflexion is the __________.
tibilais anterior
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
transverse costal facet
identify a lateral projection of a vertebra
transverse process
The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae.
transverse processes
The shape of this muscle gives it its name.
trapezius
This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.
trapezius
the prime mover of elbow extension is the ________.
triceps brachii
The region on the neuron where action potentials are generated is called the ______.
trigger zone
The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __________.
trigminal nerve
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
trochanter
Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna.
trochlea
Only the fibrous layer can be observed in its entirety from the superficial surface of the cow eye.
true
The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the pectoralis major muscle.
true
The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.
true
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back
true
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
true
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
true
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
true
the ethmoid bone contains sinuses
true
Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
tubercule
In this simulation, ___________________ will be used to stimulate the axon.
voltage
An action potential requires _______.
voltage-gated sodium channels to open and sodium to flow with its electrochemical gradient
Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
vomer
When the frequency of stimulation of a muscle is great enough, _______.
wave summation results and muscle twitches overlap.
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?
xiphoid process
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic bone and temporal bone
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?
zygomatic bones
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic process
Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic process
This muscle is used in smiling.
zygomaticus
