practical 2 skeletal

Label the following illustration using the terms provided. Ans: a. synovial cavity b. bone c. fibrous capsuled. synovial membrane e. articular cartilage

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Label the following illustration using the terms provided. a. lamella b. Osteon c. Canaliculi d. central canal e. lacuna (for osteocyte)

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Label the following illustration using the terms provided. a. zygomatic b. internal nares c. occipital condyle d. mastoid process e. mastoid notch f. external occipital protuberance g. palatine process of maxilla h. palatine i. vomer bone j. foramen magnum k. carotid canal l. jugular foramen

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Label the following illustration. a. condyloid process b. mandibular notch c. coronoid process d. mental foramen e. ramus f. angle g. body

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How many lumbar vertebrae are in the human body?

5 lumbar vertebrae in the body.

A rib that attaches to the sternum by the cartilage of another rib has what name?

: A rib that attaches to the sternum by the cartilage of another rib is known as a vertebrochondral rib, one of the kinds of false ribs.

What is an osteon?

: An osteon is a modular unit of bone that is formed from a central canal surrounded by osteocytes and lamella with interconnecting canaliculi.

Synthetic bone material known as hydroxyapatite is frequently molded into the shape of bone. This procedure is done to replace diseased, damaged, or surgically replaced bone. Cells in the body remodel the synthetic material and produce new bone. What

: Osteoclasts would be involved in the removal of the synthetic bone material and osteoblasts would replace the removed material with new bone.

What is the function of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?

: The labrum increases the depth of the glenoid fossa providing greater stability to the joint.

. What is the name of the superior portion of the sternum?

: The superior part of the sternum is the manubrium.

. What is the function of the meniscus in the knee?

: To provide cushioning, preventing the femur from hitting the tibia.

Label the following illustration of the foot.

: a. Intermediate cuneiform b. Lateral cuneiform c. Cuboid d. Medial cuneiform e. Navicular f. Talus g. Calcaneus

The most inferior portion of the sternum is the a. body b. manubrium c. angle d. xiphoid

: d. xiphoid

The superior articular process articulates with what specific structure?

: inferior articular process of the next more superior vertebra.

What are the names of the major paranasal sinuses?

: major paranasal sinuses are the ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary sinuses.

. How does the shape of a long bone resist breaking when put under stress?

A long bone is bow-shaped so when it is flexed the middle is thicker than the ends. This anatomy allows the most stressed area to be reinforced with bone.

Each metacarpal bone consists of three major regions. What are these?

A metacarpal has a base, a body, and a head.

The joint between the first metacarpal and the proximal phalanx is what type of joint?

A saddle joint is found between the first metacarpal and the proximal phalanx.

What kind of joint is slightly movable and is held together by fibrous connective tissue?

A syndesmosis

. When two bones fuse together into a single bone, this is called a ______?

A synostosis

What is the name of a joint held together by a joint capsule?

A synovial joint

Rank the following joints from least movable to most movable, with 1 being the least movable and 5 being the most movable.

Ans: plane 3 saddle 4 suture 1 syndesmosis 2 ball-and-socket 5

What two features do cervical vertebrae have that no other vertebrae have?

Cervical vertebral have transverse foramina and some have a bifid spinous process.

A class of joint with great movement is known as a ___________ .

Diarthoses

Based on what you know about the maxillary sinus, why would a significant impact to the maxilla create a more difficult situation for healing than would the fracture of a long bone?

Due to the maxillary sinus, there is not much bone in the wall of the maxilla. Long bones are thicker and are easier to set. The healing of the maxilla is like trying to glue an egg shell back together.

A skull suture is what type of joint, in terms of movement?

In terms of movement, a skull suture is a synarthrotic joint.

Does the hyoid bone have any solid bony attachments?

NOs.

What role do osteocytes have in bone tissue?

Osteocytes are mature bone cells and can become activated to add bone after a fracture.

Name two bones of the forearm.

Radius and ulna.

In the disease osteoporosis there is a significant loss of spongy bone. Explain how the loss of this specific bone material could weaken a bone

Spongy bone has trabeculae which serve as reinforcing plates against a force. The loss of spongy bone causes weakening of the internal support that the compact bone requires and the entire bone breaks

Bones held together by cartilage are known as ____________ joints

Synchondroses are joints made of cartilage.

The mastoid process is located on which bone?

Temporal

What is the cuplike depression of the hip bone into which the head of the femur fits?

The acetabulum is the depression into which the head of the femur fits.

3. What specific part of the clavicle attaches to the scapula?

The acromial end

Is the angle of the rib on the anterior or posterior side of the body?

The angle of the rib is on the posterior side of the body.

Name the second cervical vertebra

The axis.

The bones of the cranium are what shape? a. long b. short c. flat d. irregular

The bones of the cranium are mostly (c.) flat bones (such as the frontal and parietal) while two are (d.) irregular (the ethmoid and sphenoid).

What is another name for the heel bone?

The calcaneus is the heel bone.

The condyles of the humerus have specific names. What are they?

The capitulum is the lateral condyle and the trochlea is the medial condyle of the humerus.

Name the carpal bone at the base of the thumb.

The carpal bone at the base of the thumb is the trapezium.

Which spinal curvature is the most superior?

The cervical curvature

What type of joint is found at the wrist (between the radius and the scaphoid bones)?

The condyloid joint is found and the wrist.

Name the bone at the tip of the middle finger.

The distal phalanx III

What is the function of the fibula?

The fibula is an attachment point for muscles.

Frequently the clavicle is broken when the arms are extended to brace a fall. Explain how hitting the ground with your hands can fracture the clavicle.

The force is transmitted from the hands to the forearm and arm to the clavicle. The clavicle is braced between the arm and the sternum and it is the weak point.

What curved area occurs directly on the hip bone below the posterior inferior iliac spine?

The greater sciatic notch is the curved area inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine.

How does the head of the ulna differ in position from the head of the radius?

The head of the ulna is distal to the diaphysis of the ulna while the head of the radius is proximal to the diaphysis of the radius.

Name the depression on the ulna into which the humerus inserts.

The humerus fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna.

The inorganic portion of bone tissue is made of what complex mineral salt (consisting of calcium phosphate)?

The inorganic portion of bone is composed of hydroxyapatite.

Name the ridge of bony tissue proximal to the lateral condyle of the humerus.

The lateral supracondylar ridge is proximal to the lateral condyle of the humerus.

Name the roughened line that runs along the length of the posterior femur.

The linea aspera is the roughened line that runs along the length of the femur.

What is the name of the bony process posterior to the earlobe?

The mastoid process

What is the name of the process on the distal portion of the tibia?

The medial malleolus is the process on the distal portion of the tibia.

What is the shape of the metacarpals? a. long b. short c. flat d. irregular

The metacarpals are (a.) long bones.

Name the sesamoid bone that forms in the quadriceps tendon

The patella is the sesamoid bone that forms in the quadriceps tendon.

Name the bone found between the femur and the tibia.

The patella.

Distinguish between the posterior sacral foramina and the sacral canal.

The posterior sacral foramina are the holes on either side of the medial sacral crest. The sacral canal is perpendicular to the sacral foramina and is a continuation of the vertebral canal.

The ________ joins the two hip bones at the anterior junction of these bones.

The pubic symphysis joins the hip bones at the anterior junction.

What is the name of the lateral bone of the forearm?

The radius

The ribs are part of which skeletal division? a. axial b. appendicular

The ribs are part of the (a.) axial skeleton.

What bone is found just posterior to the ethmoid bone in the orbit?

The sphenoid

What is the shape of the sternum? a. long b. short c. flat d. irregular

The sternum is a (c.) flat bone.

Name the bony process that extends from the head of the ulna

The styloid process extends from the head of the ulna.

1. Name the anterior depression on the scapula.

The subscapular fossa

What is the name of the bone of the foot that joins with the tibia and fibula?

The talus

. What shape are the tarsals? a. long b. short c. flat d. irregular

The tarsals are (b.) short bones.

Which bone does not occur in the orbit? a. maxilla b. zygomatic c. ethmoid d. sphenoid e. temporal

The temporal bone does not comprise part of the orbit.

What is the name of the bone that makes up most of the temple (the region superior and anterior to the ears)?

The temporal bone.

The joint between the femur and the tibia is what specific type of joint?

The tibiofemoral joint is a diarthrotic hinge joint.

Explain the difference between the false pelvis and the true pelvis.

The true pelvis is superior to the arcuate line and the false pelvis is inferior to the arcuate line.

What part of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra?

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. The head of the rib articulates with the body of the vertebra.

How many bones are in the ankle versus the number of bones in the wrist?

There are 7 tarsal bones and 8 carpal bones.

Determine from what part of the spinal column the vertebra in the following illustration comes. How can you tell?

Thoracic because of the rib facet on the body and the elongated spinous process

Label the parts of the scapula in the following illustration. Use the terms provided.

a. coracoid process b. acromion process c. scapular spined. lateral border e. supraspinous fossa f. infraspinous fossa g. medial border h. inferior angle

Match the bone with the region it comes from. Ans: a. hallux b. ilium c. clavicle d. scaphoid e. radius

a. foot b.hip bone c.pectoral girdle d. hand e.upper extremity

Label the parts of the ulna as illustrated and determine if the bone is from the left or right side of the body.

a. head b. styloid process c. coronoid process d. trochlear notch e. olecranon process f. radial notch The ulna comes from the left side of the body

Match the joint in the left column with the type of joint in the right column. acetabulofemoral radiocarpal tibiofemoral intertarsal

a. hinge b. ball-and-socket c. plane d. condyloid

. Label the following illustration using the terms provided.

a. transverse process b. lamina c. spinous process d. vertebral arch e. pedicle f. body

Label the following illustration of the hand.

a. trapezoid b. capitate c. hamate d. pisiform e. lunate

A young adult has how many bones on average?

approximately 206 bones.

The hyoid bone belongs to the a. appendicular skeleton b. axial skeleton c. upper extremity d. skull

axial skeleton

The sagittal suture separates the ________ from the _________. a. sphenoid, ethmoid b. left parietal, right parietal c. frontal, parietal d. parietals, occipital

b. left parietal .... right parietal

The teeth are held into the jaw by what specific type of joint?

by gomphoses.

Synovial fluid is secreted by what structure?

by the synovial membrane.

In which of these joints would you find a meniscus? a. cartilaginous b. fibrous c. synovial

c. synovial

What is the common name for the zygomatic bone?

cheek bone.

Which bone is not a paired bone of the skull. a. zygomatic b. temporal c. lacrimal d. vomer

d. The vomer is not a paired bone of the skull

Which one of the following joints has the greatest range of movement? a. gomphosis b. suture c. synchondrosis d. hinge

d. hinge

The ends of a long bone are known as the ______________________.

epiphyses

2. The humerus fits into what specific part of the scapula?

fits into the glenoid cavity

The upper teeth are held by what bones?

held by the maxillae.

In what bone would you find the foramen magnum?

occipital bone.

The clavicle belongs to the a. axial skeleton b. pectoral girdle c. pelvic girdle d. upper extremity

pectoral girdle

A carpal bone is classified as a ____________ bone in terms of shape.

short

The sella turcica is found in what bone?

sphenoid bone.

The epiphyseal line on the humerus has what other name?

the anatomical neck.

The eyebrows are directly superficial to what bone?

the frontal bone

The mandible fits into what part of the temporal bone to form the jaw joint?

the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

What are the names of the bones that surround the opening of the nose?

the nasal bones and the maxillae.

The hard palate is made up of what bones?

the palatine bones and the maxillae.

What structures make up the vertebral arch?

the pedicles and laminae.

What are the two bony structures that make up the nasal septum?

the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer.

. What is the name of the bone that makes up most of the posterior surface of the orbit?

the sphenoid.