Practice questions
Which of the following perspectives is fourth? Multicultural psychology, behaviorism, cognitivism, structuralism, gestalt psychology, or functionalism.
Behaviorism
Which of the following perspectives is fifth? Multicultural psychology, behaviorism, cognitivism, structuralism, gestalt psychology, or functionalism.
Cognitivism
What is the order of the scientific method?
Create or modify a theory, form an hypothesis, design a study, and perform the research
Definition of acquisition
Developing a learned response to a stimulus that previously cause no particular response
Confidence in scientific information is based on the concept of...
Falsifiability
What is the significant difference between Freud's theory about behavior and Watson's?
Freud believed that the cause of behavior came from a person's unconsciousness. Watson believed that studying internal processes was not necessary and that all behavior could be understood from studying only observed reactions
Which of the following perspectives is second? Multicultural psychology, behaviorism, cognitivism, structuralism, gestalt psychology, or functionalism.
Functionalism
Which of the following perspectives is third? Multicultural psychology, behaviorism, cognitivism, structuralism, gestalt psychology, or functionalism.
Gestalt psychology
What is archival research?
Examining historical records and past data
Which of the following perspectives is sixth (newest)? Multicultural psychology, behaviorism, cognitivism, structuralism, gestalt psychology, or functionalism.
Multicultural psychology
What is a case study?
an in-depth examination of one or a few individuals
What is a naturalistic observation?
basing conclusions on observations of people in their normal context
What is experimental research?
creating a controlled situation where the primary area of difference between two groups is the specific area under consideration
What do developmental psychologists study?
how human behaviors and mental processes change as we age
What is cross-sectional research?
looking change over time by examining groups representing various stages
Before Wundt and James started examining psychology empirically, most of the thinking about the mind and behavior was done by...
philosophers
After performing your experiment you then share your results and your methods so others can...
replicate your work
What do health psychologists study?
the impact of someone's physical state, psychological state, and social environment on their well being
What do social psychologists study?
the interactions between people and their influences on behavior
Evolutionary psychology focuses on...
the relationship between current human behaviors and pre-historic needs
What does a positive correlation mean?
when one variable increases, so does the other
What does a negative correlation mean?
when one variable increases, the other decreases
Which of the following perspectives is first (oldest)? Multicultural psychology, behaviorism, cognitivism, structuralism, gestalt psychology, or functionalism.
Structuralism
Definition of spontaneous recovery
The return of the conditioned reflex after its has been extinguished
Definition of extinction
Unlearning a conditioned reflex through the lack of a pairing a stimulus with one that produced the reflexive response
Definition of generalization
When a conditioned reflex is also generated when similar but not the same stimulus is presented
Definition of discrimination
When the learner is able to tell the difference between two similar stimuli and only responds to the exact one that produced the desired result
What correlation is closer to 1 or -1?
a strong one
What correlation is closer to zero?
a weak one
What is structuralism?
an effort to define the characteristics of the mind through introspection
In behaviorism, psychologists study reflexes as a window on learning. What is a reflex?
an unconscious response to a stimulus
Correlation looks at the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. It does not tell us about...
cause and effect
What is functionalism?
examining how the characteristics and functioning of the mind interacted with the world through introspection and by recording and measuring behaviors and anatomy
What is gestalt psychology?
examining human experience as a whole that is more that its component characteristics
What is behaviorism?
examining the functioning of the brain through observing behaviors in controlled environments
What is multicultural psychology?
examining the influences of society and culture on behaviors and mental functions
What is cognitivism?
examining the mind and its functions in reaction to the focus solely on behaviors
After determining your hypothesis you need to figure out how to test the explanation- such as setting up an...
experiment
What do industrial-organizational psychologists study?
how the principles of psychology can inform management decisions such as hiring, office organization, or management strategies
After finding your research question you then consider what is already known to come up with a potential explanation, or _______, that is testable.
hypothesis
A researcher wanting to understand more about how or why something happens starts with a research...
question
What do cognitive psychologists study?
the relationship between our thoughts and actions. Some areas of focus are language acquisition, problem solving, and memory creation
What are surveys?
using a consistent list of questions to gather information from a large group of people