Practice Test 1
white matter, tracts in the central nervous system
Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?
hypothalamus
The ____________ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.
superior/inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, arteries and pulmonary veins
Vessels connected to the heart
relative shape of the muscle
The deltoid muscle is named according to:
two
In the motor (corticospinal) pathway how many neurons carry the signal to the myofibers?
white
Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear"
when the SA node fires to atria tract
P wave
Valves open/close
- when everything is in diastole or at rest the semilunar valves and aortic/pulmonary are closed, AV valves are open - when the ventricles contracts or are in systole, AV valves close, semilunar valves open - when back to diastole, AV valves open and then the semilunar valves will close
symphysis
A ____________ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.
ganglion
A ____________ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.
sagittal
A ____________ section of the body or organ would divide the organ into it's right and left side.
mandibular branch of the trigeminal
A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?
TRUE
A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium.
are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream
A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they
oval-shaped projection that fits into an oval depression
A good description for a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint is
longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum, falx cerebri -- all of these choices
A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?
TRUE
A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates is called a motor neuron unit.
two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell -- all of these
A synapse is a functional junction between:
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron and effector
A typical reflex arc involves the following:
thalamus
Almost all sensory impulses pass through what structure on their way to the cerebral cortex?
the victim was struck on the chin
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means:
a structural unit of compact bone
An osteon (haversian system) is
superior, thin-walled, separated by interatrial septum, receiving chambers, auricles, pectinate muscles internal ridges
Atria
osteocytes
Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?
single nucleus, involuntary, with intercalated discs
Cardiac muscle is best characterized by which of the following?
55% plasma, buffy coat composed of WBC and platelets, 45% RBC
Components of blood
blood, heart and vessels
Components of cardiovascular system
carry nerve impulses INTO the neuron cell body
Dendrites are processes (cell extensions) of a neuron that:
brachial
From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?
transports various substances, helps regulate several life processes, affords protection against disease, transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and transports wastes to various organs
Functions of blood
control of body temperature
Functions of the skeletal system DO NOT include
releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction
In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR):
occipital lobe
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?
cerebellum
In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?
trochlear IV, oculomotor III, abducens VI
Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerves?
pericardium, epicardium or outer layer, myocardium is the thickest muscle and endocardium lines the blood vessels
Layers of the heart
fontanels
Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called:
pericardial cavity
Most specifically, the heart is located in the
flexors of the wrist and digits
Muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are:
triceps brachii
Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are biceps brachii and the:
located between pericardium and visceral pericardium -- also known as epicardium
Pericardial cavity
consists of fibrous layer or pericardial sac and parietal pericardium
Pericardium
an action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb, ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate, and a muscle action potential is triggered
Place the following events in the correct order.
depolarization of the ventricles, causes contractions
Q R S wave
it contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
Select the best description of a white ramus:
form lining of brain ventricles
Select the best description of the ependymal cells:
contain sympatheticpreganglionic cell bodies
Select the best description of the thoracic and upper lumbar lateral gray horns:
adductor muscle of the thigh
Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.
triceps brachii
Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve.
pleural cavity, pericardial cavity and abdominal cavity -- all of these choices
Serous membranes are assocoiated with the
ligaments
Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are
atria and ventricles repolarize
T wave
supination
The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is
covers the surface of the articulating bones at a synovial joint and helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint
The articular cartilage
sacrum
The bone that consists of five fused bones, is triangular, and serves as one of the boundaries of the pelvic cavity is the:
cerebrum
The cerebral cortex is located where?
the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement
The conus medullaris is:
vagus (X) nerve
The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is
acetabulum
The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the hip (coxal) bone is the ____________.
the inferior nasal conchae
The ethmoid bone DOES NOT contain
sphenoid
The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) provides sensory info from the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for passage of branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?
contribute to the sagittal suture, forms part of the floor of the orbit, articulates with the mandible or occipital bone -- none of these
The frontal bone
is subdivided into regions called horns, is surrounded by white matter, contains neuronal cell bodies -- all of these choices
The gray matter of the spinal cord:
supraspinatusconsisting primarily
The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles?
both statements are true
The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ.,system
The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follow:
cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral
The main plexuses formed by the anterior(ventral) rami of spinal nerves are:
the condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment
The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes.
14
The number of phalanges in one hand is
distal, femur
The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the ____________ end of the ____________.
diaphragm
The phrenic nerve derives arises from the cervical plexus. Select the structure(s) served by it.
parietal, somatosensory
The post-central gyrus is in the ____________ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ___________ area.
rotation
The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is
spinalthalamic tracts
The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by:
has a radial notch on its lateral surface
The ulna:
back of the hand and top of the foot
The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the
masseter and temporalis
Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and that elevate the mandible are:
arteries moves blood away from veins, arterioles are smaller diameter and moves into capillary beds, capillaries, venules are arterioles for the veins, veins
Types of blood vessels
trapezium
Using the following directional terms, decide which bone is being described: proximal to metacarpal I; distal to the scaphoid bone; and lateral to the trapezoid bone.
inferior, thick-walled, separated by interventricular septum, pumping chambers, trabeculae carneae internal ridges
Ventricles
cheek (buccal)
What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic); lateral to the nose (nasal); inferior to the eye (orbital); and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?
temporal and mandible
What pair of skull bones contributes to the only freely movable joint of the head?
articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and hyaline cartilage covering the articulating surface of the bones -- all of these choices
What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?
cardiac and skeletal
When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the ____________ muscle tissues.
contains transverse foramina
Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?
houses the structure that gathers tears
Which best describes the lacrimal bone?
bears condyles that form the atlanto-occipital joints
Which best describes the occipital bone?
enteric
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the G.I. tract, pancreas and gallbladder?
radial collateral ligament
Which feature goes with the elbow joint?
medial and lateral menisci
Which feature goes with the knee joint?
between atlas and dens of axis
Which joint shows a pivot motion?
H
Which letter is pointing to the carpal/wrist region?
smooth, flat surface
Which of the following best describes a facet?
large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment
Which of the following best describes a tuberosity?
posterior (dorsal) route
Which of the following contains sensory info ONLY?
arises from the lumbar plexus
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:
olecranon fossa
Which of the following is found on the posterior distal surface of the humerus?
hamate
Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?
kupfer cell
Which of the following is not a type of neuroglial (helper) cell?
none of these choices
Which of the following is true of the radius?
agonists contract while the antagonists relax and the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair
Which of the following is/are TRUE?
rectus femoris
Which of the following muscles extends the leg at the knee and aids in flexion at the hip?
pectoralis major
Which of the following muscles is not attached to the scapula in any way?
sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following muscles rotates the head when contracted unilaterally?
talocrural (ankle), diarthrosis
Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely associated or matched?
increased rate and depth of breathing
Which of the following responses is a result sympathetic stimulation?
the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity
Which of the following statements is false?
hinge joint and monoaxial joint
Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the ONLY movements?
trabeculae
Which of the the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?
pisiform
Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones?
intercostal (thoracic) nerves
Which peripheral nerves are responsible for cutaneous sensation from the skin of the anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles?
transverse process
Which portion of a vertebra DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?
temporal
Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?
efferent, central nervous system (CNS), effectors
____________ (or motor) impulses travel from the ____________ to the ____________ (muscles or glands).
Layers of blood vessels
inner layer is tunica intima with endothelial cells, tunica media with smooth muscle and outer muscle is tunica externa or adventia with connective tissue that anchors the muscle