Practice Test 1

white matter, tracts in the central nervous system

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

hypothalamus

The ____________ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.

superior/inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, arteries and pulmonary veins

Vessels connected to the heart

relative shape of the muscle

The deltoid muscle is named according to:

two

In the motor (corticospinal) pathway how many neurons carry the signal to the myofibers?

white

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear"

when the SA node fires to atria tract

P wave

Valves open/close

- when everything is in diastole or at rest the semilunar valves and aortic/pulmonary are closed, AV valves are open - when the ventricles contracts or are in systole, AV valves close, semilunar valves open - when back to diastole, AV valves open and then the semilunar valves will close

symphysis

A ____________ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.

ganglion

A ____________ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.

sagittal

A ____________ section of the body or organ would divide the organ into it's right and left side.

mandibular branch of the trigeminal

A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?

TRUE

A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium.

are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream

A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they

oval-shaped projection that fits into an oval depression

A good description for a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint is

longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum, falx cerebri -- all of these choices

A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?

TRUE

A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates is called a motor neuron unit.

two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell -- all of these

A synapse is a functional junction between:

sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron and effector

A typical reflex arc involves the following:

thalamus

Almost all sensory impulses pass through what structure on their way to the cerebral cortex?

the victim was struck on the chin

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means:

a structural unit of compact bone

An osteon (haversian system) is

superior, thin-walled, separated by interatrial septum, receiving chambers, auricles, pectinate muscles internal ridges

Atria

osteocytes

Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?

single nucleus, involuntary, with intercalated discs

Cardiac muscle is best characterized by which of the following?

55% plasma, buffy coat composed of WBC and platelets, 45% RBC

Components of blood

blood, heart and vessels

Components of cardiovascular system

carry nerve impulses INTO the neuron cell body

Dendrites are processes (cell extensions) of a neuron that:

brachial

From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

transports various substances, helps regulate several life processes, affords protection against disease, transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and transports wastes to various organs

Functions of blood

control of body temperature

Functions of the skeletal system DO NOT include

releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction

In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR):

occipital lobe

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?

cerebellum

In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?

trochlear IV, oculomotor III, abducens VI

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerves?

pericardium, epicardium or outer layer, myocardium is the thickest muscle and endocardium lines the blood vessels

Layers of the heart

fontanels

Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called:

pericardial cavity

Most specifically, the heart is located in the

flexors of the wrist and digits

Muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are:

triceps brachii

Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are biceps brachii and the:

located between pericardium and visceral pericardium -- also known as epicardium

Pericardial cavity

consists of fibrous layer or pericardial sac and parietal pericardium

Pericardium

an action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb, ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate, and a muscle action potential is triggered

Place the following events in the correct order.

depolarization of the ventricles, causes contractions

Q R S wave

it contains sympathetic preganglionic axons

Select the best description of a white ramus:

form lining of brain ventricles

Select the best description of the ependymal cells:

contain sympatheticpreganglionic cell bodies

Select the best description of the thoracic and upper lumbar lateral gray horns:

adductor muscle of the thigh

Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.

triceps brachii

Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve.

pleural cavity, pericardial cavity and abdominal cavity -- all of these choices

Serous membranes are assocoiated with the

ligaments

Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are

atria and ventricles repolarize

T wave

supination

The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is

covers the surface of the articulating bones at a synovial joint and helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint

The articular cartilage

sacrum

The bone that consists of five fused bones, is triangular, and serves as one of the boundaries of the pelvic cavity is the:

cerebrum

The cerebral cortex is located where?

the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement

The conus medullaris is:

vagus (X) nerve

The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is

acetabulum

The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the hip (coxal) bone is the ____________.

the inferior nasal conchae

The ethmoid bone DOES NOT contain

sphenoid

The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) provides sensory info from the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for passage of branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

contribute to the sagittal suture, forms part of the floor of the orbit, articulates with the mandible or occipital bone -- none of these

The frontal bone

is subdivided into regions called horns, is surrounded by white matter, contains neuronal cell bodies -- all of these choices

The gray matter of the spinal cord:

supraspinatusconsisting primarily

The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles?

both statements are true

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ.,system

The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follow:

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

The main plexuses formed by the anterior(ventral) rami of spinal nerves are:

the condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment

The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes.

14

The number of phalanges in one hand is

distal, femur

The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the ____________ end of the ____________.

diaphragm

The phrenic nerve derives arises from the cervical plexus. Select the structure(s) served by it.

parietal, somatosensory

The post-central gyrus is in the ____________ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ___________ area.

rotation

The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is

spinalthalamic tracts

The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by:

has a radial notch on its lateral surface

The ulna:

back of the hand and top of the foot

The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the

masseter and temporalis

Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and that elevate the mandible are:

arteries moves blood away from veins, arterioles are smaller diameter and moves into capillary beds, capillaries, venules are arterioles for the veins, veins

Types of blood vessels

trapezium

Using the following directional terms, decide which bone is being described: proximal to metacarpal I; distal to the scaphoid bone; and lateral to the trapezoid bone.

inferior, thick-walled, separated by interventricular septum, pumping chambers, trabeculae carneae internal ridges

Ventricles

cheek (buccal)

What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic); lateral to the nose (nasal); inferior to the eye (orbital); and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?

temporal and mandible

What pair of skull bones contributes to the only freely movable joint of the head?

articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and hyaline cartilage covering the articulating surface of the bones -- all of these choices

What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?

cardiac and skeletal

When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the ____________ muscle tissues.

contains transverse foramina

Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?

houses the structure that gathers tears

Which best describes the lacrimal bone?

bears condyles that form the atlanto-occipital joints

Which best describes the occipital bone?

enteric

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the G.I. tract, pancreas and gallbladder?

radial collateral ligament

Which feature goes with the elbow joint?

medial and lateral menisci

Which feature goes with the knee joint?

between atlas and dens of axis

Which joint shows a pivot motion?

H

Which letter is pointing to the carpal/wrist region?

smooth, flat surface

Which of the following best describes a facet?

large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment

Which of the following best describes a tuberosity?

posterior (dorsal) route

Which of the following contains sensory info ONLY?

arises from the lumbar plexus

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:

olecranon fossa

Which of the following is found on the posterior distal surface of the humerus?

hamate

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?

kupfer cell

Which of the following is not a type of neuroglial (helper) cell?

none of these choices

Which of the following is true of the radius?

agonists contract while the antagonists relax and the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair

Which of the following is/are TRUE?

rectus femoris

Which of the following muscles extends the leg at the knee and aids in flexion at the hip?

pectoralis major

Which of the following muscles is not attached to the scapula in any way?

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following muscles rotates the head when contracted unilaterally?

talocrural (ankle), diarthrosis

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely associated or matched?

increased rate and depth of breathing

Which of the following responses is a result sympathetic stimulation?

the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

Which of the following statements is false?

hinge joint and monoaxial joint

Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the ONLY movements?

trabeculae

Which of the the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?

pisiform

Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones?

intercostal (thoracic) nerves

Which peripheral nerves are responsible for cutaneous sensation from the skin of the anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles?

transverse process

Which portion of a vertebra DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?

temporal

Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?

efferent, central nervous system (CNS), effectors

____________ (or motor) impulses travel from the ____________ to the ____________ (muscles or glands).

Layers of blood vessels

inner layer is tunica intima with endothelial cells, tunica media with smooth muscle and outer muscle is tunica externa or adventia with connective tissue that anchors the muscle