Practice test #4

Tannen asserts that _____ speech communities teach us how to interact. A. our adult B. our childhood C. numerous D. only two

B. our childhood

McLuhan believed that when we use media over and over again, it becomes an extension of who we are. true or false

True

Rubin responded to critics of uses and gratifications theory by reconsidering media use. He argued that an instance of media use can fall on a continuum ranging from: A. informative to entertaining. B. cognitive to emotional. C. social to antisocial. D. passive to active.

D. passive to active

Gerbner devoted most of his research studying the cultivating impact of media violence. He uses the term, "dramatic violence" to clearly specify what he meant by violence. Which of the following is an example of dramatic violence? A.idle threats B. verbal abuse C.pie-in-the-face slapstick D. physical abuse

D. physical abuse

Gerbner believed that, prior to television, the two acceptable storytellers outside the home were: A. Schools and the government. B. The government and newspapers. C. The government and corporations. D. Schools and faith communities.

D. schools and faith communities

In Uses & Grats, the magic bullet theory suggested _________. A.that receivers are actively involved in how they receive/process media information B. That media could give both sides of an argument and regularly does C. media affects everyone the same D. media has an amazing ability to be objective

C. media affects everyone the same

Why is the study of media ecology so difficult? A. Technology changes at such a rapid pace. B. Media gatekeepers oppose the study of media. C. Media environments are inherently intangible and interrelated . D. Media cannot be understood fully without costly and time-consuming experiments.

C. media environments are inherently intangible and interrelated.

Gerbner defines heavy viewers as those who watch TV: A. More than two hours per day. B. More than three hours per day. C. More than four hours per day. D. More than five hours per day.

C. more than four hours per day

When there is equal concern for both parties' public image, as well as the public image of the relationship, Ting-Toomey defines this as: A. Face concern. B. Facework. C. Mutual-face. D. Face-giving

C. mutual-face

Ting-Toomey defines face as "the __________________ image of one's self in a _________________ situation." A. complete; cultural B. cultural; conflict C. projected; relational D. mindful; communicative

C. projected; relational

In Cultivation Theory, Gerbner uses two concepts to further think about "cultivation". These concepts are mainstreaming and ____. A. message system analysis B. cultivation analysis C. resonance D. dramatic

C. resonance

The Cultural Studies chapter suggests that A. all of these answers are correct (except the "none of these" answer) B. cultural analyses must empower status quo C. power relationships are inconsequential because they simply exist D. none of the answers are correct E.articulation about oppression is essential

E. articulation about oppression is essential

Hall's "optimism of the will" means that he believed the powerless will inevitably change the media system to reflect their interests. A. True B. False

False

Hall argued that the mass media tends to favor new and controversial interpretations of reality. A. True B. False

False. Hall believed that the mass media tend to favor the status quo.

Cultural background is a better predictor of conflict management styles than is self-construal. A. True B. False

False. Self-construal is a better predictor of conflict management styles than is cultural background.

Divergence is a strategy by which a person adapts his or her communication behavior to become more similar to another person. A. True B. False

False. that would be convergence.

The "magic-bullet" approach is not the same thing as the uniform-effects model. A. True B. False

False. they are different terms for the same idea

Who are the theorists associated with Standpoint theory?

Harding and wood

When older people invoke age as a reason for not performing well, they are engaging in self-handicapping. True or False

True

Gerbner's research found that ethnic minority characters were more likely to be victims of TV violence than were Caucasian characters. A. True B. False

true.

Tannen's confidence for overcoming destructive interaction lies primarily in

understanding each other's style and the motives behind it

Along with hearing, the electronic age emphasizes which human sense? A. Taste. B. Sight. C. Smell. D. Touch

D. touch

Which of the following is a key weakness of face-negotiation theory? A. The theory has relied too heavily on ethnographic methods. B. The theory is too simple. C. The theory bases its claims on samples drawn from young adults. D. The theory's hypotheses are not testable.

. C. The theory bases its claims on samples drawn from young adults.

Tannen risks offending some people by insisting

there are gender differences in the way we speak

According to McLuhan, the person of Jesus Christ is the one case where the medium and the message are the same. A. True B. False

A. TRUE

Which relational dialectic does Wood use to illustrate communication differences between men and women? A. Autonomy/connection. B. Uncertainty/certainty. C. Revelation/concealment. D. Openness/closedness.

A. autonomy/connection

Critics of uses and gratifications theory have argued that the theory focuses too much on ______________ and not enough on _____________________. A. description; prediction B. prediction; description C. utility; testability D. testability; utility

A. description; prediction

The theory of economic determinism posits that human behavior and relationships are ultimately caused by differences in financial resources, which in turn creates: A. Disparity of power. B. Unequal access to communication media. C. Political parties. D. Opportunities for social advancement.

A. disparity of power

Both Marie and Jacques were born in Switzerland. While Marie has an independent self, Jacques has an interdependent self. They are from a(n) ___________________ country, but differ in their ___________________. A. individualistic; self-construal B. individualistic; facework C. collectivistic; self-construal D. collectivistic; facework

A. individualistic; self-construal

Cultural studies is a(n) A. interpretive and neo-Marxist critique B. neo-Marxist critique C. interpretive theory d. objective theory E. objective and Marxist critique

A. interpretive and neo-marxist critique

Dr. Jackson is a communication professor who wants to engage in institutional process analysis. What will Dr. Jackson most likely do? A. Interview people who work in the TV and film industry. B. Record TV shows and analyze their content. C. Expose viewers to violent content in a controlled experiment. D. Distribute a survey measuring people's natural viewing behavior and their worldview.

A. interview people who work in the tv and film industry.

Which dimension of facework competence is most important? A. Knowledge. B. Mindfulness. C. Interaction skill. D. All are equally important.

A. knowledge

Which of the following terms is not associated with a collectivistic cultural identity? A. Low context. B. We-identity. C. Face-giving. D. Interdependent self.

A. low context

In Giles' research on citizen/police interactions, he predicted that interactions would be __________ accommodating when the officer and citizen were _____________. A. more; of the same race B. more; of different races C. less; of the same race D. less; of different races

A. more; of the same race

You know that your family really wants to go out for Mexican food. You'd rather have Chinese food, but you give in to their wishes. Which conflict management strategy have you used? A. Obliging. B. Avoiding. C. Compromising. D. Integrating.

A. obliging

Hall believed that the mass media: A. Produces consent. B. Challenges consent. C. Reflects consensus. D. Validates consensus.

A. produces consent

According to Gerbner, those who consume a large amount of television develop an exaggerated belief in: A. The importance of national politics. B. A mean and scary world. C. Consumerism as a way of life. D. A world where good always conquers evil.

A. the mean and scary world

Hall was concerned about corporate control of media because: A. The stories of the wealthy are emphasized over those of the poor. B. There are too many factual errors in mainstream journalism. C. Such media distract people from relationships with family and friends. D. Corporations are too slow to embrace new forms of media.

A. the stories of the wealthy are emphasized over those of the poor

Frey advocates for communication activism for social justice, an ethical perspective which critiques cultural studies scholars because: A. They don't do enough to intervene to help the oppressed B. They are too hasty in rejecting scientific and objective approaches to understanding power. C. They aren't reflective about the immense amount of social privilege they possess. D. They focus on certain oppressed groups while ignoring others.

A. they don't do enough to intervene to help the oppressed.

Face concern addresses which question? A. Whose face are you trying to save? B. Why are you trying to save face? C. How are you trying to save face? D. What component of your face are you trying to save?

A. whose face are you trying to save?

Which of the following correctly expresses what communication accommodation theory claims regarding the desire for social approval? A. Desire for approval -> Convergence -> Negative response. B. Desire for approval -> Convergence -> Positive response. C. Desire for approval -> Divergence -> Negative response. D. Desire for approval -> Divergence -> Positive response.

B. Desire for approval -> Convergence -> Positive response.

Unlike McLuhan, Postman believed the primary task of media ecology was to generate: A. Predictions about future technology use. B. Moral judgments about how people should use technology . C. Political statements about the regulation of technology. D. Insights about how technology helps us understand what it means to be human.

B. Moral judgments about how people should use technology

Ting-Toomey recommends that competent interpersonal communicators should demonstrate mindfulness. What does she mean by this suggestion? A. They should possess knowledge about the other person's culture. B. They should recognize things aren't always what they seem and seek multiple perspectives. C. They should get hands-on practice with communicating in intercultural situations. D. They should focus on mutual-face rather than self-face or other-face.

B. They should recognize things aren't always what they seem and seek multiple perspectives.

Evan isn't really interested in the finale of American Idol, but he attends the watch party just so he can spend time with his friends. Evan is watching American Idol to serve which gratification in Rubin's typology? A. Passing time. B. Companionship. C. Social interaction. D. Relaxation.

B. companionship

Which of the five original styles of conflict management reflects a moderate amount of both self-face and other-face concern? A. Avoiding. B. Compromising. C. Obliging. D. Integrating.

B. compromising

standpoint comes from which tradition? A. semoitic B. critical C. socio-psychological D. rhetorical

B. critical tradition

When speaking with a new classmate, Ben changes the rate of his speech to be clearly different from hers. Ben is most clearly engaging in: A. Convergence. B. Divergence. C. Maintenance. D. Overaccommodation.

B. divergence

In Ting-Toomey and Oetzel's revision of the theory, the three primary conflict styles are _______________, avoidance, and integration. A. compromising B. dominance C. debating D. aggression

B. dominance

According to Harry Triandis, the three factors distinguishing individualistic and collectivistic cultures are self, goals, and ______________. A. values B. duty C. rights D. emotion

B. duty. Collectivistic cultures emphasize a person's duty to the social groups to which they belong—the company, the family, the religious tradition, and so forth.

The term, "global village" comes from which of McLuhan's ages? A. literacy B. electronic C. digital D. print E. tribal

B. electronic

The symbolic environment is the socially constructed sensory world of ________________. A. technology B. meanings C. communication D. relationships

B. meanings

Ruby enjoys playing games, watching videos, and connecting with her friends on her phone. She also goes on blogs and Facebook where she can vent her feelings, both positive and negative; she loves it when someone "likes" her posts. She's all over Instagram and is proud of how many followers she has on Twitter. Uses and Grats would say Ruby is exhibiting of which of Katz's assumptions? A. people seek to provide gratification for others. B. people use media for their own particular purposes. C. media offer the best use of time and attention. d. None of these answers are discussed by Katz.

B. people use media for their own particular purposes

Feminist scholars criticize Tannen for paying too little attention to: A. Neuroscience. B. Power. C. Ethics. D. Friendship.

B. power. Tannen focused more on cultural aspects.

Standpoint theorists believe that our view of the world depends on our _________________. A. level of education B. social location C. research methodology D. political beliefs

B. social location

A friend asks Ivan about his views on how to deal with terrorism. When considering his response, Ivan most quickly thinks of an episode of Homeland he saw last night. This is most clearly an example of: A. Resonance. B. The accessibility principle. C. Mean world syndrome. D. Meta-analysis.

B. the accessibility principle. The accessibility principle states that we tend to rely on small pieces of information that are easily accessible in our mind. For many viewers, such information comes from television.

To achieve strong objectivity, Harding believes that research must start from: A. Postmodern theory. B. The lives of women and other marginalized groups. C. The scientific method. D. Symbolic interactionism

B. the lives of women and other marginalized groups

The "manufacture of consent" refers to A. a preoccupation with Marxism B. the management of public opinion C. pre-modernism D. post-industrial organizations and assembly lines

B. the management of public opinion

According to uses and gratifications theory, we won't understand the media choices we make until we first recognize: A. The ideologies hidden in media messages. B. The needs that motivate our behavior. C. The extent to which media can be addictive. D. The cultural context in which the media use occurs.

B. the needs that motivate our behavior

When women are trying to explore their own feelings, they are doing what Tannen calls ____. A. dialogue talk B. troubles talk C. genderlect symposium talk D. expository talk

B. troubles talk

The end point of face-negotiation theory's causal chain is: A. Type of relational maintenance. B. Type of conflict style. C. Type of self-construal. D. Type of culture.

B. type of conflict style

Why does Wood believe that women will tend to possess a less distorted view of the world than do men? A. Women score higher on standardized tests of intelligence than do men. B. Women are more empathetic than men. C. Women have less motivation to defend the status quo than do men. D. Women have a more diverse set of experiences than do men.

C.

Television is an example of which of McLuhan's concepts? A. the print epoch B. media C. a medium D.the tribal age

C. A medium

In the tribal age, the ear was more important than the eye because: A. Ears are not as easily damaged by wild beasts. B. Before glasses were developed, eyes often went bad. C. Ears allowed omnidirectional detection of the environment . D. Tribal people developed advanced exercises for cultivating super-sensitive hearing.

C. Ears allowed omnidirectional detection of the environment

When people engage in discourse management, they: A. Engage in self-handicapping. B. Converge to the other person's communication behavior. C. Sensitively select topics to discuss. D. Try to take the perspective of the other person.

C. sensitively select topics to discuss. As the chapter describes, such discourse management is one way to bridge a generation gap. Answer C is a better answer than B because it is more precise.

Standpoint Theory suggests that realities about gender are defined by A. those at the bottom of any hierarchy B. those in the middle of a social hierarchy C. those at the top of a social hierarchy D. idiosyncratic participation in a social hierarchy

C. those at the top of the social hiearchy

Harding uses the term local knowledge to contrast: A. Masculine control of language. B. Marxist economic determinism. C. Postmodern incredulity toward metanarratives. D. Allegedly value-free science.

D.

Which of the following list of terms goes together as face-negotiation theory would predict? A. Individualistic culture; self-face; face-giving. B. Individualistic culture; other-face; face-restoration. C. Collectivistic culture; self-face; face-restoration. D. Collectivistic culture; other-face; face-giving.

D. Collectivistic culture; other-face; face-giving.Although this represents the general prediction of face-negotiation theory, do not forget that members of a culture can differ in their self-construal.

Which two facework strategies reflect a concern with mutual-face? A. Apologizing and private talk. B. Defending and aggression. C. Remaining calm and expressing emotion. D. Problem solving and respect.

D. Problem solving and respect.

Which factors mitigate the motives we ascribe to another person's communication behavior? A. The other person's ability. B. External constraints. C. The effort expended. D. All of the above.

D. all of the above

How do women view conflict, according to Tannen? A. As an opportunity for open dialogue. B. As a puzzle to solve. C. As a tool for dominating others. D. As a threat to relational connection.

D. as a threat to relational connection

Which of the following is a nation with a collectivistic culture? A. Sweden. B. Australia. C. Germany. D. China.

D. china

Which of the following factors will tend to focus initial orientation on individual identity? A. Having a distressing history of interaction with the other group. B. A high level of dependence on your own group. C. A lack of norms for how to communicate across group differences. D. Coming from an individualistic cultural background.

D. coming from an individualistic cultural background

Emma sees a classmate come to school wearing a t-shirt for a political candidate she strongly disagrees with. Whenever she sees the classmate she rolls her eyes, and in every conversation Emma emphasizes how she just doesn't understand people who support that candidate. Emma is most clearly engaging in: A. Divergence. B. Maintenance. C. Overaccommodation. D. Counteraccommodation.

D. counteraccomodation

Tannen's theory asserts that gender differences in communication should be considered A.co-cultural communication B. reflective knowledge C.only as a new perspective on communication D. cross-cultural communication

D. cross cultural communication

Straight-line effects of media use: A. Occur only when people watch TV. B. Address how news media influences voting behavior. C. Cannot be studied through controlled experiments. D. Do not consider the differences between people that consume the content.

D. do not consider the differences between people that consume the content

According to Ting-Toomey and Oetzel's research, which facework strategy lies on the boundary between mutual-face and self-face concern? A. Apologize. B. Private talk. C. Problem solving. D. Expressing emotion

D. expressing emotion

According to our discussions regarding Media Ecology, a term for human-invented technology that extends the range, speed, or channels of communication is called_________. A. a medium B. media ecology C milieiu D. media

D. media

An investigation of 82 cultivation studies found the relationship between viewing and fear of victimization to be +0.09. This finding was achieved through: A. Content analysis. B. Institutional process analysis. C. Message system analysis. D. Meta-analysis.

D. meta- analysis

Standpoints oppose _____. A. cultural estimations of gender B. segregation C. change D. the status quo

D. the status quo

In Standpoint theory, the notion of "local knowledge" implies knowledge is ______ A. value-free B. value-laden C. truth D. objective

b. value-laden

Why does Tannen believe that men tell more jokes than do women? A. Male brains are hardwired to react to humor more than are female brains. B. Telling jokes is a way to build human connections in a non-threatening way. C. Women find men with a sense of humor to be attractive, but the reverse isn't true. D. Jokes can elevate the status of the teller above that of the audience.

d. jokes can elevate the status of the teller above that of the audience.

Convergence has no cost and many benefits. A. True B. False

false