Praxis 5017 Practice test

A teacher makes the following observations about a student's assignment. Uses a group of letters to represent sounds in speech; for example, writes "KOM" K.O.M for "come" Correctly uses some symbols from the alphabet Uses uppercase letters May reverse some letters Which of the following is the most appropriate step the teacher can take to foster the student's literacy development? A.Teaching the student left-to-right directionality B.Introducing the student to spelling patterns and word families C.Providing the student with a list of frequently occurring words D.Showing the student how verb tenses are formed

Option (B) is correct. The student shows understanding of concepts of print and is beginning to associate letters and sounds. Introducing the student to word families and other spelling patterns will help the student learn to read and write new words.

Which of the following is most directly improved in the writing process by playing recordings of background instrumental music during classroom writing sessions? A.Vocabulary development B.Focus on the task C.Economy of expression D.Engagement with the topic

Option (B) is correct. Using background music during quiet writing times allows students to focus more on their writing.

After students in a third-grade class read two versions of the story of Cinderella, the teacher asks students to compare the two stories. Which of the following graphic organizers is most appropriate for the assignment? A.A KWL chart B.A timeline C.A Venn diagram D.A story map

Option (C) is correct. A Venn diagram will help students identify shared features of two stories. By using a Venn diagram, the students can organize similarities and differences between the two stories.

Which of the following activities most effectively develops students' agility skills? A.Asking students to work together to stretch their bodies into a letter of the alphabet B.Playing music and having students twirl hula hoops around their waist C.Designing a mini obstacle course and giving students a time to complete it D.Having students balance on plyometric boxes

Option (C) is correct. A mini obstacle course is designed to help develop student agility skills. The teacher can adjust times for different ages and skill levels of students.

Which of the following statements best describes the link between physical activity and academic achievement? A.Adolescents are already so active that there is no need to teach them physical education content. B.Physical education and fitness activities are necessary only for adolescents in industrialized countries. C.Adolescents who are physically active tend to have better cognitive performance and classroom behaviors. D.Physical activity makes adolescents too tired to focus on instruction in core curriculum.

Option (C) is correct. Adolescents who are physically active tend to have better grades, school attendance, cognitive performance, and classroom behaviors.

Which activity most directly addresses learning about the structure of music? A.Participating in student-directed time at free-play centers with a variety of simple percussion instruments and noisemaking toys B.Listening to musical selections while using expressive movement and engaging in a class discussion of feelings, ideas, and emotional experiences C.Composing songs by choosing preexisting melodic phrases and assembling viable melodies according to teacher-provided guidelines D.Listening to peers perform short prepared and improvised performances, then reacting to and critiquing the performances in newspaper-style written reviews

Option (C) is correct. By referring to provided guidelines, students can recognize that a song is defined by its structure.

Of the following, which is the most developmentally appropriate activity for helping kindergarten students learn about the physical characteristics of organisms? A.Drawing pictures of different possible food chains in a prairie ecosystem B.Drawing pictures of the abiotic factors typically found in a pond C.Drawing pictures of the observable features of different types of plants D.Drawing pictures of the structures typically found inside a cell

Option (C) is correct. Drawing pictures of the observable features (e.g., the sizes and shapes of stems, leaves, and flowers) of different types of plants is a developmentally appropriate activity for helping kindergarten students learn about the physical characteristics of organisms.

Which of the following is the primary purpose of engaging students in self-assessment of an art assignment? A.It combines formative and summative evaluation for the teacher to chart student progress and assess learning. B.It provides standards-based criteria for teacher evaluation of artwork. C.It deepens students' connection with their own individual goals and artistic independence. D.It allows more time for students to work in small-group skill development to design a work of art.

Option (C) is correct. Self-assessment offers a number of benefits for student artists. It encourages students to understand their own learning and to articulate artistic goals, and it increases motivation and ownership over student learning and contributes to students' artistic autonomy and musical independence.

Teaching students to analyze an artwork in terms of line, color, shape, form, space, and texture primarily serves to A.demonstrate how unity and harmony contribute to the expressive nature of a work B.expose students to terms associated with the compositional principles of design C.impart an understanding of how the basic elements of art coexist and function D.provide exemplars that show students how to create perspective in artwork

Option (C) is correct. The elements of art are the basic building blocks of artworks and are commonly identified as line, color, shape, form, space, and texture.

A teacher plans a lesson on operations with decimals for a small class. The teacher wants to evaluate student learning at the end of the lesson. Which of the following is an appropriate design for a summative assessment? A.Asking students questions orally to stimulate a student discussion about operations with decimals B.Assigning homework problems and reviewing the answers at the next class meeting C.Giving students a ten-point quiz focusing on operations with decimals D.Having each student create a model for operations with decimals and present it to the class

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding strategies for designing, using, and interpreting summative assessments. The purpose of a summative assessment is to summarize what a student has learned. Since the quiz is given at the end of the lesson, no feedback can be used to adjust instruction, and any feedback received is a summary of what the student has learned.

Which statement best describes a teacher using a formative assessment to adjust instruction? A.A teacher provides reading material to the students at the start of the unit to provide them with foundational knowledge. B.A teacher assigns a group project to students during the lesson to reinforce the concepts being taught. C.A teacher has students complete a closure assignment at the end of a lesson to determine any misconceptions before the next lesson. D.A teacher has students complete a test at the end of a unit to determine their level of understanding.

Option (C) is correct. The question would encourage students to think about how formative assessments are primarily used to determine what students do and do not know before moving on to the next lesson and would also allow the teacher to adjust future lessons accordingly.

An elementary teacher assigned students the task of comparing the populations of different United States cities during a specific year. Afterward, the students were to create bar graphs using the gathered information. Which of the following was the primary objective accomplished by the activity? A.Facilitating historical inquiry through the use of secondary sources B.Supporting student choice in developing research projects C.Integrating social studies skills with other content areas D.Encouraging students to participate in creative writing

Option (C) is correct. The question would encourage students to understand how the gathering of historical information in order to create a bar graph involves the integration of social studies content with other content areas.

A second-grade curriculum requires that teachers review the importance of voting in United States elections. Which of the following purposes of teaching is best demonstrated by the requirement? A.Raising student awareness about diverse cultures B.Expanding students' knowledge of different political systems C.Preparing students to participate in a democratic society D.Preparing students to understand the different governmental branches

Option (C) is correct. The question would encourage students to understand that one purpose of teaching social studies is to create informed citizens who are capable of functioning in a democratic society.

Mr. Vetter reads a text on sea life to the class. After reading a sentence stating that whales breathe air, he stops and says, "That's strange, I thought only mammals breathe air. Does that mean that a whale is a mammal? I think I'll keep reading and find out." Which of the following instructional strategies is Mr. Vetter using to build students' comprehension skills? A.Guided practice B.Skill application C.Think aloud D.Direct explanation

Option (C) is correct. The teacher is verbalizing what he is thinking while reading. Furthermore, he is orally conveying how he is comprehending the text and what he wants to know.

Which of the following teacher responses most effectively develops a student's ability to analyze an artwork's composition? A."Do you feel the work demonstrates an original idea?" B."Are there recognizable or familiar images in the work?" C."Describe the way basic visual elements are arranged in the work." D."How does the work relate to your own personal experiences?"

Option (C) is correct. While providing the information requested, the students will have to analyze, or break down, the work and examine the way the different figures interact with one another and with their setting. This is the best option to use in order to encourage analysis on the part of the students.

Which of the following teaching strategies will best help improve students' reading comprehension? A.Asking students to restate sentences from a text in their own words B.Providing students with opportunities to engage in choral reading C.Showing students how to determine the number of syllables in a word D.Having students identify words in a text that have the same rime

Option (A) is correct. Asking students to restate sentences in their own words requires them to use a metacognitive skill that will help them monitor their thinking and understanding.

Elementary students break into groups to write a song using long and short sounds. The students present their songs to the class then reflect on their own writing process and the processes used by other groups. Based on the students' reflections, the teacher provides students with feedback. Which of the following is the type of assessment the teacher is using? A.Formative B.Summative C.Authentic D.Diagnostic

Option (A) is correct. Formative assessments allow the teacher to assess students' current knowledge and make decisions about future direction for instruction.

When a volcano erupts, melted rock called magma rises out of the volcano and flows onto Earth's surface. The magma, now called lava, flows down the sides of the volcano. As the lava spreads over the surface, it cools and turns to solid rock. The type of rock that is formed is classified as igneous. The passage best illustrates which of the following text structures? A.Description B.Cause-effect C.Comparison-contrast D.Narrative

Option (A) is correct. In a descriptive text, an author provides details or description of a topic, idea, person, place, or thing.

Which of the following drawing activities is most appropriate for third-grade students? A.Sketching a tabletop still life from direct observation B.Redesigning an object in response to contemporary issues C.Using symbols to represent metaphors D.Making a design without having a plan

Option (A) is correct. Practicing sketching from direct observation is a developmentally appropriate task for students in elementary grades. This allows them to practice skills while still being accountable for creating a final product and honing their skills of observation.

During a science activity, a student asks the teacher, "Are good scientific predictions like when we read a story and make a guess about what will happen next based on what we already know?" Which of the following responses best addresses the student's question? A."Yes, good predictions in reading and science include reasons or evidence." B."Yes, good predictions in reading and science result from knowing everything ahead of time." C."No, because reading and science are different subjects." D."No, because predictions must be well-tested theories in science."

Option (A) is correct. Prediction, the stating of a future outcome based on evidence, is an important skill in both literacy and science.

Which of the following activities places the most emphasis on students' use of natural language skills to learn about rhythm? A.Improvising accompaniments using rhythm sticks while chanting nursery rhymes B.Playing rhythm instruments while learning songs from other cultures C.Exploring contrasts in sound colors by playing various rhythm instruments D.Contrasting the rhythms of songs that use a variety of meters and tempos

Option (A) is correct. Students can use their natural language abilities to play repeated rhythms provided in song lyrics, specifically sung nursery rhymes.

A lesson requires third-grade students to examine the types of housing constructed by Native American groups in diverse parts of the United States. Which of the following explains the objective of the lesson? A.Learning how people of different cultural backgrounds interact with their environment B.Examining indigenous religious beliefs and the ways nature is incorporated into the belief system C.Understanding how people of different cultural backgrounds interact with their families D.Examining indigenous forms of government and the methods used to make decisions in society

Option (A) is correct. The question would encourage students to think about the ways that Native Americans have adapted to various environmental conditions.

Students are completing an annotated timeline that requires them to identify historical events and explain their significance. Which of the following explains the goal of the activity? A.To help students develop chronological thinking skills B.To help students analyze the impact of physical geography on human behavior C.To help students examine different points of view D.To help students investigate cultural differences between diverse groups

Option (A) is correct. The question would encourage students to understand how the use of timelines helps to develop chronological thinking skills.

Which of the following instructional plans best integrates the scientific method with social studies? A.Having students watch a video on the history of maps and mapmaking B.Having students create maps using data they collected about their school and its surroundings C.Having students identify the major continents and oceans on an unlabeled map of Earth D.Having students work together to write definitions of key terms associated with mapmaking

Option (B) is correct. Collecting and presenting data are important parts of the scientific method. Having students create maps using data they collected is an instructional plan that integrates the scientific method with social studies.

It is most appropriate for an elementary physical education teacher to administer a summative assessment of students' fundamental movement patterns A.before instruction begins B.at the end of a unit C.halfway through a unit D.at the conclusion of each lesson

Option (B) is correct. Summative assessments are used at the end of instruction to assess the information learned.

Which of the following statements most directly addresses the value of building students' music content mastery through the use of keyboard percussion instruments? A.It helps students work collaboratively to compose music and participate in musical performances. B.It assists students in learning to apply pitch, rhythm, and melody to singing and the playing of various other instruments. C.It boosts brain function and increases students' IQ and reading level. D.It instills an understanding of a variety of music types such as classical, folk, and jazz.

Option (B) is correct. The keyboard format allows students not only to hear the up and down pitches of the melody but also to see the differences in pitch and rhythm that students can apply to singing and learning a variety of instruments.

Which of the following generalizations is most consistent with current arts education research findings? A.High-quality arts education programs must require parental participation to ensure equal opportunity for student success. B.Visual arts instruction helps close achievement gaps only if implemented in the primary grades. C.Integration of the arts into the general curriculum adequately refines students' foundational art skills. D.Arts education offers vital enrichment experiences to students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds.

Option (D) is correct. Art education enables students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds to access vital enrichment experiences they may not otherwise be exposed to.

A physical education teacher notices that students are having problems getting along during team activities. Which of the following teacher actions best promotes social responsibility among students? A.Eliminating from the curriculum activities that promote student team interactions B.Listing all the negative behaviors that took place during the team activities C.Keeping group sizes large to allow opportunity for more interactions D.Providing time for students to reflect on their behaviors after team activities

Option (D) is correct. As noted by many social models, having time to reflect is encouraged as the only way to truly engage in social responsibility and discipline.

A teacher organized an activity in which the work shown was presented to students. Which of the following best describes the objective of the activity? A.Identifying odd and even numbers B.Identifying prime and composite numbers C.Practicing multiplying single-digit numbers D.Finding greatest common factors and least common multiples

Option (D) is correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies for understanding greatest common factors and least common multiples. The steps shown in the work indicate that the teacher found the prime factorizations of 56 and 80 and then organized the factors in a Venn diagram, which shows the GCF, 2×2×2, and which can be used to find the LCM, 2^4×7×5.

A fifth-grade class is looking for resources to research the changing demographics in their state. Which of the following would be the best source for a teacher to suggest they use? A.A taped interview with a government official B.A textbook describing the history of the state C.An encyclopedia entry explaining the culture of the state D.A government Web site presenting census data

Option (D) is correct. The question would allow students to determine the importance of primary sources and use a census to find accurate information about a state's demographics.

Which of the following activities would best help students develop an understanding of twentieth-century developments in the United States? A.Reviewing the events surrounding the development of the first textile mill B.Examining the effect of the cotton gin on agricultural production C.Analyzing the impact of railroads on migration patterns D.Researching the reasons for the start of the Second World War

Option (D) is correct. The question would encourage students to identify that the Second World War occurred during the twentieth century.

An elementary teacher is designing a lesson to teach students about how different societies from around the world are organized. Which of the following student assignments will best support the goal of the lesson? A.Researching how countries adapt to the environment by developing different agricultural techniques B.Drawing a poster that illustrates the artistic styles used by various cultures from around the world C.Creating a map that illustrates the global trade routes used by merchants D.Completing a project that compares the different forms of government from around the world

Option (D) is correct. The questions would encourage students to think about how different forms of government help to establish and provide the social organization for societies.

Which THREE of the following Web resources are likely to offer the most appropriate materials for physical activity instruction? A.The Jump Rope For Heart® and Hoops For Heart® online resources B.University research materials and online publications C.A commonly used lesson plan Web site D.Regular e-mail updates from a national professional organization E.A physical educator's online blog

Options (A), (B), and (D) are correct. Materials provided through the Jump Rope For Heart® and Hoops For Heart® programs enhance a physical educator's professional development; university research publications are reviewed and screened to be appropriate on numerous issues, including offering developmentally appropriate advice; and updates from national organizations are usually based on the results of peer-reviewed research or best practices developed from similar research.

Several fourth-grade students describe the Moon as "a star that gives off its own light at night." Which of the following actions by the teacher will best address the students' misconception? A.Having students investigate the characteristics of the Sun and the Moon B.Having students record moonrise and moonset times for a week C.Having students create posters to illustrate the relative sizes of Earth and the Sun D.Having students compare the times of high tides with the positions of the Moon

Option (A) is correct. By investigating the characteristics of the Sun and the Moon, students will learn that the Moon is not a star but a rocky celestial object that reflects light given off by the Sun.

Which of the following strategies will most effectively help a group of elementary students correct their misconception that air does not have mass because it is invisible? A.Using a digital scale to weigh an empty balloon, inflating the balloon, weighing it again, and then having the students find the difference in grams B.Showing a video about hot-air balloons and then having the students explain how heating the air molecules causes the density of air inside the balloon to decrease C.Video recording students as they take a deep breath to experience the movement of air going into their lungs, watching the recording, and then having the students discuss their findings D.Lighting a small candle, placing a glass jar over it, and having the students record the length of time it takes for the flame to become extinguished

Option (A) is correct. The greater mass of the inflated balloon will help the students understand that the air used to inflate the balloon has mass.

Which of the following activities will best help students explore an irreversible change? A.Adding iron files to wood chips B.Splitting a large ball of clay into five small identical balls C.Mixing vinegar with baking soda to make a volcano D.Leaving a block of ice on a windowsill to melt

Option (C) is correct. In an irreversible change, new materials are formed and the change cannot be undone. Mixing vinegar and baking soda results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas.

Of the following statements about our solar system, which TWO are misconceptions? A.The Moon is closer to Earth than is the Sun. B.The phases of the Moon result from Earth casting shadows on the Moon's surface. C.Earth is the largest planet in our solar system. D.Some planets can be seen from Earth without a telescope.

Options (B) and (C) are correct. The phases of the Moon are the result of the Moon's orbit around Earth, which results in different portions of the illuminated surface of the Moon being visible to a viewer on Earth at different times. Of the planets in our solar system, Earth is one of the four smaller planets.

Which of the following types of text is most appropriate for a second-grade teacher to use to introduce students to writing about personal experiences, true or imagined, with the information organized in the sequence the events occurred? A.Narrative B.Expository C.Persuasive D.Informative

Option (A) is correct. A narrative or story is a report of connected events, actual or imaginary, presented in the sequence in which the events occurred.

Of the following actions, which best demonstrates an understanding of the concept that vibrating materials can make a sound? A.A student stops a tuning fork from making a sound by grasping it firmly. B.A student creates a concept map that shows the different sounds animals make. C.A student draws and labels the different parts of a string instrument. D.A student formulates the hypothesis that the sooner thunder is heard, the closer the lightning is occurring.

Option (A) is correct. Grasping the tuning fork to stop it from vibrating prevents the tuning fork from making a sound.

Chris, a first-grade student, takes a spelling pretest. The teacher dictates the word "mean" to students and uses it in a sentence. Chris knows that the word cannot be spelled "m-e-n" because it has a long vowel. He decides that the word must be spelled "m-e-n-e," "m-e-e-n," or "m-e-a-n." Chris's reasoning best demonstrates an understanding of which of the following? A.Orthography B.Syntax C.Pronunciation D.Semantics

Option (A) is correct. Orthography is the use of correct spelling according to established usage. The student in the scenario has learned that in the CVC spelling pattern, the vowel sound in a closed syllable is short. The word has three phonemes, but because the vowel sound is long, the word can be represented by the CVCe or CVVC word patterns.

While teaching students how to interpret figurative language, a teacher provides students with the excerpt shown from Denise Rodgers' "Take A Poem to Lunch." I'd love to take a poem to lunch or treat it to a wholesome brunch of fresh cut fruit and apple crunch. I'd spread it neatly on the cloth beside a bowl of chicken broth and watch a mug of root beer froth. Which of the following lines from the poem will best help students identify the type of figurative language in the poem? A.I'd love to take a poem to lunch B.I'd spread it neatly on the cloth C.beside a bowl of chicken broth D.and watch a mug of root beer froth

Option (A) is correct. Personification refers to the practice of attaching human traits and characteristics to inanimate objects or phenomena. The author describes the poem as eating a lunch, a trait that is only characteristic of animate things.

Comparing autotrophs that live in the darkness of the deep ocean with those that are exposed to sunlight on the ocean surface will be most effective in helping students explore which of the following topics? A.The influence of human activities on wildlife populations B.The alternative sources of energy that are used by some primary producers C.The dependence of consumers on other organisms as sources of nutrients D.The role of molds and bacteria in the recycling of organic matter

Option (B) is correct. Comparing autotrophs that live in darkness with those that are exposed to sunlight on the ocean surface will provide students with an opportunity to explore the alternative sources of energy that are used by some primary producers. For example, chemotrophic organisms that live near deep-sea hydrothermal vents use compounds such as hydrogen sulfide as sources of energy.

Activities such as chanting rhymes or singing songs best help students A.understand syntax in sentences B.increase expressive vocabulary C.identify phonemes in words D.improve sight-word recognition

Option (C) is correct. Phonological awareness activities help children learn to distinguish individual sounds or phonemes within words.

Which of the following types of feedback is most helpful for students to give peers who are developing oral presentation skills? A.Identifying areas of weakness and making suggestions on how to improve B.Assigning a grade to the presentation based on content and delivery C.Responding with what went well and making suggestions on how to improve D.Sharing with the speakers how they can more effectively reach their target audience

Option (C) is correct. When giving specific suggestions on how to improve an oral presentation, the peer-listener responds first with what went well and then makes a suggestion on how to improve.

5x=20 so x=100 x−2=5 so x=3 p+3=6 so p=9 t÷3=9 so t=3 A student's work for solving four equations is shown. Which of the following is best for a teacher to have the student review? A.Multiplying whole numbers B.Adding whole numbers C.Using inverse operations with whole numbers D.Applying properties of equality

Option (D) is correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies for solving linear equations. In the second and third equations, the student added different numbers to each side of the equation, violating the addition property of equality. In the first and fourth equations, the student multiplied each side of the equation by different numbers, violating the multiplication property of equality.

To adjust instruction within a unit, which of the following is most appropriate for a teacher to use when designing a summative assessment? A.Student surveys on prior knowledge of the content B.Supplemental reading assigned to support the curriculum C.Topics of student interest expressed during the lesson D.Learning objectives outlined in the course curriculum

Option (D) is correct. The question would encourage students to understand that quality summative assessment should be based on the objectives required by the unit and course curriculum.

Match the appropriate words authors often use in their writing to the appropriate text structure. Cause/Effect : D. As a result; Because this led to; For this reason; May be due to Description : B. An example; For instance; To illustrate; Such as Problem/Solution: A. Dilemma is; One reason for the issue is; The puzzle is; The question is Compare/Contrast: C. As opposed to; Either . . . or; Not only . . . but; As well as; On the other hand

Cause/Effect texts seek to explain what happened and why it happened. Descriptive texts provide information about an idea, topic, person, or place. Problem/Solution texts explain a problem and give one or more possible solutions. Compare/Contrast texts show how two or more things are alike and how they are different.

Which of the following activities will most effectively help students understand the meaning of unknown vocabulary words? A.Creating word maps for each word B.Looking up the definitions for the words C.Writing each word in a sentence D.Reading the text that includes the words

Option (A) is correct. Word maps help students build on prior knowledge and visually represent new information. Word maps encompass various aspects of learning new words such as developing a definition and identifying synonyms and antonyms.

Ms. Callahan's fifth-grade class is studying the solar system in science. In thinking about an upcoming schoolwide science fair, she plans to have students create multimedia presentations on the topic to share with other students, parents, and community members during the event. As students begin to draft their presentations, Ms. Callahan demonstrates how they can incorporate technology by projecting examples of various multimedia tools used in different types of projects on an interactive whiteboard. Which of the following identifies Ms. Callahan's next best step in the instructional plan? A.Helping students make informed decisions about which multimedia tool to use that most effectively meets their purposes B.Ensuring that a variety of multimedia options are selected by grouping students and having members in each group use a different tool C.Dividing students into small groups to discuss the effect each multimedia tool may have on distracting a viewer's attention from important content D.Providing a work sheet that asks students to evaluate the functionality of the features found in different multimedia options

Option (A) is correct. After the teacher demonstrates examples of different types of multimedia, it is most appropriate for the teacher to ask students to make a decision about which tool works best for them based on the nature of the project (informational presentation about the solar system) and each student's purpose in conducting the oral presentation.

Of the following, which is the most effective strategy for helping students learn about condensation? A.Having students experiment with glasses of hot and cold water in a humid environment B.Having students use the Internet to gather information about water pollution in urban areas C.Having students read a newspaper article about the use of technology to improve tornado forecasting D.Having students engage in a class discussion about why an ice cube floats when it is placed in a glass of water

Option (A) is correct. By experimenting with glasses of hot and cold water in a humid environment, students will have an opportunity to observe condensation as water vapor in the air changes to liquid water on the outside surfaces of the glasses. The students will also have an opportunity to learn about the influence of temperature on the condensation of water.

When scoring a writing sample holistically, a teacher should focus mainly on A.the overall quality of the sample B.the grammatical correctness of the sample C.the organizational structure of the sample D.the creativity evident in the sample

Option (A) is correct. Holistic scoring involves the assignment of a single score to a piece of writing on the basis of an overall impression of it. Individual features of a text, such as grammar, spelling, and organization, should not be considered as separate entities.

Which of the following sentence starters is most likely to help students make text-to-text connections within the books they are reading? A.What I just read reminds me of . . . B.The main characters are motivated by . . . C.If this story were set in another time period . . . D.The author wrote this story to show that . . .

Option (A) is correct. Text-to-text connections show how the ideas in a text remind students of another text. Asking students to respond to the prompt "What I just read reminds me of . . . " helps them connect ideas that are similar in two texts.

A fourth-grade teacher is planning two lessons for introducing the concept of equivalent fractions. In these lessons, the teacher plans to have students develop a procedure for generating fractions equivalent to a given fraction and work on practice problems in groups. The students will also utilize fraction strips to model equivalence of various pairs of fractions whose denominators are factors of 12. Which of the following is the best way in which to sequence the activities within the two lessons? A.Lesson I: model equivalence with fraction strips; Lesson II: develop procedure, then work on practice problems B.Lesson I: develop procedure, then work on practice problems; Lesson II: model equivalence with fraction strips C.Lesson I: develop procedure, then confirm its correctness using fraction strips; Lesson II: model equivalence with fraction strips, then work on practice problems D.Lesson I: develop procedure, then model equivalence with fraction strips. Lesson II: work on practice problems

Option (A) is correct. The question requires knowing how to sequence lessons within a curriculum. It is best to introduce the topic of equivalent fractions by first allowing students to discover the concept of equivalence on their own with fraction strips and then having them use their newfound understanding to construct with the teacher a procedure for generating equivalent fractions.

A teacher asks students to roll one white number cube and one black number cube, each numbered 1 through 6. The numbers that appear face up are recorded in the table and then plotted on the grid shown. Which of the following is most likely the objective of the lesson? A.Ordering coordinates correctly to plot points B.Understanding simple probability C.Learning counting techniques D.Graphing linear equations

Option (A) is correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies for plotting points in the coordinate plane. The activity uses colors on the number cubes to help students determine the order in which to count out the coordinates to plot points correctly, i.e., white is a distance in the x-direction and black is a distance in the y-direction.

Through observation and classroom discussion, a sixth-grade math teacher discovers that several students are having difficulty adding integers. Which of the following will most likely help students understand this concept? A.Using two-sided colored counters to model selected problems B.Allowing students to use calculators C.Providing students with a reference sheet describing the rules for adding integers D.Assigning additional practice problems

Option (A) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction and select developmentally appropriate instructional manipulatives to support learning about adding numbers. Modeling addition of integers using two-sided colored counters will help students bridge the gap between their existing mathematical knowledge and the mathematical concept. Representing the sums concretely will likely help students to eventually transition to being able to add integers abstractly.

A third-grade teacher notices that students are having difficulty making meaningful predictions as they read a novel. Which of the following recommendations by the teacher is most likely to help students make meaningful predictions? A.Connect your experiences with the experiences of the characters. B.Cite evidence in the text to support your idea. C.Identify the main idea of the text. D.Compare the story to another you read earlier in the year.

Option (B) is correct. Asking students to find supporting statements in a text will provide them with the knowledge that predictions are made based on evidence from a text. This will help them verify or modify their predictions.

A teacher gave students an assignment in which they will determine the class's favorite cafeteria food. Which of the following is best for the students to use to summarize the distribution of data collected from surveying 25 fourth-grade students about their favorite cafeteria food? A.A pictograph with the food categories listed and a drawing to represent the number of students that chose each food B.An alphabetical list of the students surveyed with their food choices indicated next to their name C.A computer slide presentation with a picture of each student with his or her favorite food D.A bar graph with the names of the students listed at the bottom of the graph and the foods chosen listed vertically

Option (A) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students learn to collect and display data to answer a statistical question. A data display based on the categories of cafeteria food is best suited to summarizing the distribution of the data.

Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response. Question: A math teacher plans a lesson in which students will use the nets shown to create figures with one open face. The figures, a prism and a pyramid, will have square bases of equal area, and each figure will have the same height. The teacher then has the students fill the pyramid with sand and pour it into the prism. Which of the following is most likely the purpose of the lesson? A.Discovering the volume formula of a pyramid as it relates to a prism B.Discovering the volume formula of a pyramid as it relates to a cone C.Discovering the surface area formula of a pyramid as it relates to a prism D.Discovering the surface area formula of a pyramid as it relates to a cone

Option (A) is correct. The question requires understanding how to plan a lesson that makes connections across topics within math. One net produces a square based prism with an open top and the other net produces a square based pyramid with an open base. By filling the pyramid with sand and pouring the sand from the pyramid into the prism the students can discover it takes filling the pyramid 3 times in order to fill the prism, therefore the volume of a pyramid is 1/3 times the volume of the prism with the same base and height, so the volume of a pyramid equals 1/3Bh.

For a lesson on central tendency of data, a teacher plans to have students line up at the front of the classroom in increasing order according to each student's height. The students will then be instructed how to compute the mean, median, and mode of the resulting data set. At what point in the lesson should the teacher use the activity to most effectively promote student learning? A.The activity should be used at the very beginning of the lesson to introduce and contextualize the notions of mean, median, and mode. B.The activity should be used early in the lesson, after the teacher has defined the notions of mean, median, and mode. C.The activity should be used late in the lesson, after students have had a chance to compute means, medians, and modes of some simple data sets. D.The activity should not be used as a part of the lesson, as it is not an effective use of time.

Option (A) is correct. The question requires understanding how to sequence examples within a lesson to support understanding of a taught concept. Mathematics ideas are best understood when concrete modeling is used to generate definitions. The students can be ordered by height, giving a visual meaning to mean, median, and mode that will help students to conceptualize what the statistics mean before calculating the values of the statistics.

Which of the following would be an appropriate method of teaching fifth-grade students about democracy at the local level? A.Students compare different forms of municipal government throughout their state. B.Students examine national amendments that have expanded their right to vote. C.Students visit their state legislature to understand the powers of state representatives. D.Students compare different voter registration laws regarding elections throughout the country.

Option (A) is correct. The question would allow students to think about the levels of government and help students to understand the different forms of local government.

An elementary teacher asks students to review photographic evidence showing the changes that occurred on the Great Plains as a result of increased farming during the early twentieth century. Which of the following most likely describes the purpose of the lesson? A.To help students understand how humans can modify the physical environment B.To help students learn the physical processes that shape the Earth's surface C.To help students understand how governments can regulate the physical environment D.To help students learn the physical characteristics of certain places

Option (A) is correct. The question would encourage students to analyze the effect of human actions such as extensive farming on the physical environment.

An elementary school's curriculum requires that students examine a scene painted on an ancient Greek vase. The teacher asks the students to examine the artistic techniques as well as the scene's historical context. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the lesson? A.Making connections between social studies and other disciplines B.Understanding techniques used in historical preservation C.Making connections between geography and human development D.Understanding changes in artistic techniques over time

Option (A) is correct. The question would encourage students to understand the importance of interdisciplinary studies, focusing on art and social studies skills.

Students in a science class created posters to communicate ideas about the properties of liquids. As part of the activity, one student created the drawing shown above. The student's drawing is best used as evidence in support of which of the following conclusions? A.The student can demonstrate surface tension using common materials and equipment. B.The student can provide examples of how some living things make use of surface tension. C.The student can explain how surface tension results from attractive forces between molecules. D.The student can compare the surface tension of rubbing alcohol with that of pure water.

Option (A) is correct. The student's drawing is best used as evidence that the student can demonstrate surface tension using water and a penny.

We hav a pupy. His nam iz doste. (We have a puppy. His name is Dusty.) The second grader who wrote the sentence above is likely to benefit most from instruction in which of the following areas? A.Common spelling patterns B.Prefixes and suffixes C.Left-to-right directionality D.Alphabet knowledge

Option (A) is correct. The student's work shows that the student uses knowledge of phonics, however learning common spelling patterns will further help the student to spell accurately.

Which of the following topics is most relevant to a lesson on obesity prevention? A.The importance of good personal hygiene B.The role of vitamin C in the body C.The risks associated with youth sports D.The benefits of proper nutrition

Option (D) is correct. Researchers have found that proper nutrition is beneficial in reducing the incidence of obesity and improving the health of individuals.

Which of the following is the most effective way to assess students' understanding of the scientific method? A.Asking students to write a creative story in which a pill bug is the central character B.Asking students to use the observable features of pill bugs to test the hypothesis that pill bugs are crustaceans C.Asking students to identify different anatomical features of pill bugs on an unlabeled diagram of a pill bug D.Asking students to help care for a small colony of pill bugs that are maintained in a classroom aquarium

Option (B) is correct. Asking students to use observations to test a hypothesis is an effective way to assess students' understanding of the scientific method.

In preparation for a guest speaker, a third-grade teacher creates a checklist for the class with guidelines on how to attend to a speaker and wait for their appropriate turn when they want to ask a question. Which of the following skills does the checklist primarily address? A.Speaking B.Listening C.Reading D.Writing

Option (B) is correct. Attending to a speaker and waiting for an appropriate time to ask a question are listening skills.

Ms. Morgan meets individually with Xavier. She tells him, "I am going to say all the sounds that are in a word. Then, I want you to tell me the word that you hear when you put them all together and say it fast. So if I say, '/d/ /o/ /g/,' /d/ means the d sound, /o/ means the o sound, and /g/ means the g sound you say . . .?" Xavier responds, "Dog." This activity assesses which of the following aspects of phonemic awareness? A.Digraphs B.Blending C.Syllabication D.Rhyme

Option (B) is correct. Blending requires putting segmented sounds together to create a word.

A second-grade teacher begins a writing lesson by engaging students in a discussion to activate their background knowledge on a topic of interest. The teacher then acts as a scribe and writes on a chart while the students contribute ideas about the topic as the text is composed. Which of the following best describes the instructional practice the teacher is using? A.Guided writing B.Shared writing C.Write-aloud D.Interactive writing

Option (B) is correct. During shared writing, the teacher engages students in a rich discussion about a topic of interest, acts as a scribe, and writes the students' thoughts and ideas. The students generate ideas as the text is being composed. Choices of words and topics are discussed and decided jointly by students and the teacher.

A fourth-grade teacher shows students three articles about the lunch served in a school cafeteria. Each one was written by a different person: the school cafeteria manager, a student, and a parent in the community. After reading the articles, the teacher asks students to share their thoughts about what they read, and then the teacher summarizes the key points from each article on the whiteboard. Which of the following is most likely the teacher's goal for the activity? A.Giving students an opportunity to collaborate as a whole group B.Encouraging students to evaluate a speaker's point of view C.Showing students how to search for relevant evidence in a text D.Having students identify appropriate writing techniques for various audiences

Option (B) is correct. Reading articles written by different authors on the same topic allows students to see how different viewpoints affect writers' opinions of the same subject.

Which of the following strategies best promotes students' reading comprehension by helping them understand the elements of a narrative? A.Using an anticipation guide B.Completing a story map C.Completing a semantic organizer D.Setting a purpose for reading

Option (B) is correct. Story maps help students learn the main components of a narrative (e.g., characters, setting, plot and theme or beginning, middle or end).

"The sum of three consecutive even integers is 102. What are the three integers?" A teacher asks the students in an algebra class to write an equation to represent the problem situation shown. Which of the following approaches is best for helping the students write an algebraic equation that represents the problem situation? A.Asking the students to highlight keywords "3," "consecutive," "even," and "sum" in the problem and use the keywords to write the expression B.Asking the students to complete a graphic organizer where n is the middle number of three consecutive even integers and find algebraic expressions for the other two integers and the sum C.Asking the students to compute the sums of three consecutive integers, starting with 0+2+4 , then 2+4+6 , etc. D.Asking the students to solve (n−2)+n+(n+2)=102 for n

Option (B) is correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies for writing an equation from a problem situation. Giving students a graphic organizer or a table to collect and organize the data of the problem is a good strategy to learn how to translate a verbal statement into a mathematical model. In option A, highlighting keywords in a sentence is not a valid method that works in all situations. In option C, the teacher is not teaching a strategy for writing equations to represent a problem situation. The strategy instead leads students to learn how to find and complete a pattern. In option D, the teacher gives the equation and students learn how to solve it.

A teacher noticed that many students were struggling with finding common denominators during a formative assessment on adding fractions. Which of the following will best address this issue? A.Giving the students another assessment on finding common denominators during the next class B.Reviewing the lesson on finding common denominators during the next class C.Recording the grades and moving on to the next section D.Repeating every lesson on adding fractions

Option (B) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design and use formative assessment to adjust instruction. If the students are struggling with a specific topic, it is best to cover that topic in more detail before assessing that topic again or moving on to additional topics.

Which of the following activities is most likely to help students build an understanding of how three-dimensional shapes can have the same number of faces while having different numbers of edges or vertices? A.Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a pyramid with a four-sided base B.Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a pyramid with a five-sided base C.Analyzing and comparing the nets of a prism with a four-sided base and a pyramid with a four-sided base D.Analyzing and comparing the nets of a cube and a prism with a four-sided base

Option (B) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to classify three-dimensional shapes. The shapes in option (B) each have 6 faces, but differ in the number of vertices and edges. For option (D), the shapes have the same number of faces, vertices, and edges. For each of options (A) and (C), the shapes have different numbers of faces.

Which of the following expressions will best demonstrate to students how to use the distributive property to simplify expressions? A.(x^2+1)+(x^2+x+1) B.(x^2−1)−(x^2+2x+1) C.(x^2−1)+1 D.x^2+x+1

Option (B) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to use the distributive property to manipulate and simplify algebraic expressions. Option (B) uses the distributive property twice. A subtraction sign in front of a quantity means the same thing as multiplying the quantity by −1. The expression (x^2−1)−(x^2+2x+1)=x^2−1−x^2−2x−1 by distributing the subtraction across the quantity x^2+2x+1, i.e., by multiplying −1 times the quantity. Then x^2−1−x^2−2x−1=−2x−2. None of the other options require an application of the distributive property.

During a unit on writing expressions and equations, a fifth-grade teacher asks students to create several verbal statements that can be written as equations. Which of the following verbal statements was most likely created for writing an equation containing the operation of division? A.Twice a certain number is 48. B.The quotient of a number and 3 is 48. C.The sum of a number and twice the number is 48. D.Two more than a number is 48 more than the opposite of the number.

Option (B) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to write an equation from a context. The statement in option (B) can be rewritten as x÷3=48. Option (A) is incorrect since it can be rewritten as 2x=48, which contains only multiplication and addition. Option (C) is incorrect since it can be rewritten as x+2x=48, which contains only addition and multiplication. Option (D) is incorrect since it can be rewritten as 2+x=−x+48, which contains only addition.

A teacher plans to define the term "integer" as part of a lesson. Which of the following is most appropriate for the teacher to do next to build students' understanding of the integer concept? A.Defining the opposite of an integer and showing several examples B.Identifying and placing several integers on a number line C.Modeling addition and subtraction of several pairs of integers with chips or counters D.Showing several examples of how to determine the absolute value of an integer

Option (B) is correct. The question requires understanding the sequencing of examples within a lesson to support understanding of a taught concept. By using the number line, the teacher can activate prior knowledge about whole numbers to help students develop and understand integers as an extension of whole numbers.

Which of the following statements best describes an activity a teacher would use while teaching a unit on global weather patterns? A.The teacher would give students an assignment to write a report on the different types of cloud cover. B.The teacher would break students into groups and have them study maps showing rainfall from different regions. C.The teacher would provide students with a list of terms about environmental pollution for them to research at home. D.The teacher would contact the parents of students to inform them that they are studying regional agricultural techniques.

Option (B) is correct. The question would encourage students to understand that breaking students into groups and assigning climate maps showing rainfall is a method of helping students use appropriate materials for teaching this topic.

The cupcakes were almost dropped by the baker. A teacher explaining the concept of voice writes the above sentence on the board and requests that students change it from passive to active voice. Which of the following responses is correct? A.The baker has dropped almost all the cupcakes. B.The baker almost dropped the cupcakes. C.The baker dropped the cupcakes. D.The cupcakes should have been dropped by the baker.

Option (B) is correct. The subject (baker) is doing the action as opposed to the cupcakes in the original sentence.

During a science unit, students make observations and gather data on the daily weather conditions. Which of the following activities is the best way for students to present their findings and enhance their learning? A.Giving an oral report on the weather conditions B.Giving a weather forecast for the following week C.Creating a graph of temperatures collected D.Creating a picture of different weather conditions

Option (C) is correct. By creating a graph using the data collected, students are able to see the trends and patterns of temperature change.

Of the following hands-on activities, which is best for introducing elementary students to the concept that living things have heritable characteristics? A.Comparing the nutrient requirements of bacteria and plants B.Comparing the sleep-wake cycles of different animals C.Comparing the physical appearances of parents with those of their offspring D.Comparing the breathing rate of a person sitting still with that of a person who has just exercised

Option (C) is correct. Comparing the physical appearances of parents with those of their offspring will provide students with an opportunity to observe that parents pass on heritable traits to their offspring.

A fourth-grade class has just completed a study of the differences among the genres of literature. Which of the following sets of terms best describes the organizational features of poems, plays, and novels, respectively? A.Voice, stage directions, narrator B.Speaker, characters, description C.Stanzas, acts, chapters D.Idioms, dialogue, signal words

Option (C) is correct. In general, poems are organized into stanzas, plays into acts, and novels into chapters.

Mr. Engle is concerned about the English-language learners (ELLs) E.L.Ls in his second-grade class who are having problems in reading due to their lack of phonics skills. Which of the following strategies is best for the teacher to use to help the students develop the required skills? A.Allowing students to read material in their native language and transfer the phonics skills to help them decode English B.Sending students to a first-grade class for reading instruction since they would benefit from phonics instruction there C.Teaching students letter-sound relationships with manipulatives such as letter tiles to provide hands-on activities D.Providing students with supplemental phonics worksheets that focus on basic letter-sound relationships

Option (C) is correct. Providing the ELLs with opportunities to learn and reinforce their knowledge of letter-sound relationships will strengthen their phonics skills, which understanding will then improve their reading ability.

A teacher shows a student flash cards that say "red," "roll," "rug," and "roar" and asks what sound is the same in the set of words. The teacher is using which of the following strategies to reinforce the student's phonemic awareness? A.Phoneme deletion B.Phoneme categorization C.Phoneme isolation D.Phoneme identity

Option (D) is correct. Phoneme identity requires students to identify the same sound in different words.

To present the results of an investigation of mealworms, a student creates the table shown. Based on the information in the table, the student most likely needs additional instruction in which of the following? A.The use of rulers for measuring the length and width of objects B.The safe handling and proper treatment of living organisms C.The differences between quantitative and qualitative data D.The energy and nutrient requirements of animals

Option (C) is correct. Quantitative data provide information about measurable characteristics of objects, whereas qualitative data provide a description of objects. The student placed some of the observations in the wrong columns.

Which of the following is the most effective way to help students understand why 49×80 equals 3,920? A.Using manipulatives to show that when 49 is added to itself 80 times, the result is 3,920 B.Using manipulatives to show that when 80 is added to itself 49 times, the result is 3,920 C.Using an area model comprised of two adjacent rectangles with sides 80 and 49 and sides 80 and 1, respectively D.Using the algorithm of multiplication to show all partial products, and pointing out that 8×9=72, 8×4=32, 72+320=392, and 392×10=3,920

Option (C) is correct. The question requires knowledge of algorithms and strategies for multiplying numbers. The area model allows students to transition immediately from easy computation to the final answer. The area of a rectangle with dimensions 80 and 49 equals the area of a rectangle with dimensions 80 and 50 minus the area of a rectangle with dimensions 80 and 1. The model shows that 80×49=80×(50−1)=80×50−80×1=4,000−80=3,920.

A teacher wants to assess student learning after completing a unit on converting measurements. Which of the following is the most effective assessment for the teacher to use? A.Determining which metric unit is most appropriate to measure the length of a pencil, the length of a classroom door, and the length of a baseball field B.Determining how much more of each ingredient for a recipe is needed if three times the number of people the recipe serves intend to eat the dish C.Determining whether a suitcase meets weight restrictions on an airline flight given the weight of the suitcase in grams and the airline weight limits in kilograms D.Determining the weekly salary of a worker given the worker's hourly rate of pay

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design and use summative assessments to evaluate instructional effectiveness and student progress in converting measurements. To determine if the suitcase meets weight requirements, the student must convert the weight, in grams, of the suitcase to a weight in kilograms. Options (A), (B), and (C) do not assess anything about converting measurements.

A teacher plans a class activity for students in which they determine the median family size for all students in the class. Which of the following strategies is most likely to be helpful to the students? A.Adding up all the data entries with a calculator B.Using a graphic organizer to identify the highest and lowest entries C.Entering the data in a spreadsheet so that values can be sorted in ascending or descending order D.Grouping together all entries that are the same

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students understand strategies for finding measures of center. Since the median is the entry or entries lying in the middle of an ordered list of data, with an equal number of entries greater or smaller, it is most helpful to have the entries in order so that the middle entry or entries can be identified. Struggling learners will most benefit from data in a spreadsheet so that the entries can easily be sorted in ascending or descending order.

Which of the following lists of shapes is best for a teacher to use in a lesson in which students identify shapes as two-dimensional or three-dimensional based on their properties? A.Cube, rectangular prism, pyramid, octahedron B.Rhombus, kite, parallelogram, square, rectangle C.Cube, circle, square, sphere, triangle, tetrahedron D.Sphere, cylinder, cone, slanted cone

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students understand the vocabulary and definitions for figures. The list of shapes in (C) consists of both two- and three-dimensional shapes. None of the other options consists of shapes of both dimensions, so they would not require students to discriminate between objects of both dimensions.

Which of the following word problems is best to use to introduce multiplication of whole numbers to students? A.Five friends are sharing 40 candies so that each person has the same amount. How many candies will each person have? B.Mr. Brennan has only 23 of a box of pencils left. Pencils come in boxes of 30. Does Mr. Brennan have enough pencils that each of his 24 students can have one? C.Alonzo is drawing a picture with stars in which he has 3 rows of stars with 4 stars in each row. How many stars will he need to draw altogether? D.Sophia has 7 pairs of mittens, but she donates 4 pairs and then buys 1 new pair. How many pairs does she have now?

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional methods to support learning of multiplication of numbers. Option (C) involves multiplying 3 and 4 to answer the question. Although (A) could be solved by knowing that 5×8=40, it would be more appropriate to use that idea of equal sharing when applying division. Option (B) involves multiplication of fractions. Option (D) involves addition and subtraction problems.

Which of the following activities will best help students learn about the cross sections formed when a plane intersects a sphere? A.Having students draw several concentric circles and the common center point B.Drawing several circles and ellipses on a whiteboard C.Slicing an orange at different angles D.Having students trace various circular objects, such as coins

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional strategies to help students know how to represent figures and model them with shapes and solids. Only option (C) makes use of a three-dimensional manipulative that can be sliced at different angles.

A fourth-grade teacher regularly integrates content-area math and science vocabulary into language arts lessons and activities. The practice primarily benefits students by A.improving their use of context clues to decipher meaning B.helping them increase vocabulary to improve test scores C.providing them with an overview of the content-area curriculum D.supporting their comprehension of content-area texts and concepts

Option (D) is correct. Providing students with frequent exposure to new vocabulary and opportunities to use new vocabulary in a variety of meaningful contexts promotes their understanding of both the words and texts that use the words in context.

A teacher asked a student to simplify the expression 5x−3x, and the student gave the answer 2. The teacher asked the student to explain this answer, and the student said, "5 take away 3 is 2, and the x's cancel one another out." Which of the following activities is most likely to help the student understand why this reasoning is incorrect? A.Factoring terms that involve more than one variable B.Subtracting whole number multiples of 3 from whole number multiples of 5 C.Evaluating the expression 5x−3x for several values of x D.Reviewing the statement of the distributive property

Option (C) is correct. The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional strategies to support learning how to evaluate and symbolically manipulate expressions. The student will benefit from connecting the variable x with the values it can represent in order to recognize that the value of the expression 5x−3x depends on the value of x, so the expression cannot be identically equal to 2. Though option (D) may help the student memorize that 5x−3x=(5−3)x=2x, that alone would not help the student understand the reasoning behind why this equation is true. Neither option (A) nor (B) gives the student an opportunity to address the error in reasoning explained as "the x's cancel one another out."

Students are creating a map identifying the agricultural and industrial products produced within different states in the United States. Which of the following is most likely the purpose of this activity? A.To help students develop an understanding of legal protections in different states B.To examine the historical significance of different regions in the United States C.To help students develop an understanding of economic differences among the states D.To investigate the educational opportunities in different regions in the United States

Option (C) is correct. The question would allow students to gather information and examine agricultural and industrial production in order to determine economic differences among the states.

Students are given the following writing prompt: "Explain three ways in which the government established by the United States Constitution differed from the government established by the Articles of Confederation and two ways in which they are similar." Which of the following describes the student ability the prompt is assessing? A.Analyzing cause-and-effect relationships B.Describing how past events influence the present C.Providing evidence to compare and contrast information D.Explaining different historical perspectives on events

Option (C) is correct. The questions would encourage students to understand how identifying similarities and differences between two governments is a compare-and-contrast task.

It was very dark in the main hall. A little bit of moonlight came through the windows, and Stanley could just make out the world's most expensive painting on the opposite wall. He felt as though the bearded man with the violin and the lady on the couch and the half-horse person and the winged children were all waiting, as he was, for something to happen. After reading the excerpt shown from Flat Stanley by Jeff Brown, a second-grade student wrote the following journal response about the passage. "I don't get who the bearded man with the violin is and all of the other people. I don't remember them from the rest of the story." Which of the following best describes the student's difficulty in comprehending the passage? A.Difficulty recalling the main ideas from the story B.Difficulty understanding the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary C.Difficulty making the inference that the characters are subjects in the painting D.Difficulty making connections to the characters using background knowledge

Option (C) is correct. The student is unable to infer that the bearded man and the lady appear in the painting and are not main characters in the story.

Kindergarten students are working on improving phonological awareness skills through engagement in which of the following activities? A.Using magnetic letters to form and practice reading rhyming words B.Creating a word wall that organizes vocabulary into sets that have common phonograms C.Orally spelling high frequency, phonetically-regular words individually D.Clapping as they orally repeat each word in a sentence spoken by a teacher

Option (D) is correct. A phonological awareness skill is the ability to recognize that a sentence is made up of words. In the activity, the students are segmenting sentences into words.

A fifth-grade class is identifying primary sources for a unit on the American Civil War. Which of the following is an appropriate primary source for the activity? A.A chapter in a textbook B.An article about a Congressional debate C.A biography of a famous general D.An excerpt from a soldier's diary

Option (D) is correct. A primary source is an original artifact, document, recording, or other source of information that was created during the period under study, in this case the American Civil War.

Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response. Question: The figure presents a worksheet that corresponds to a science lesson. A set of directions is shown at the top of the worksheet followed by a chart with 3 columns. The information is as follows. Directions: Respond to each statement twice: once before the lesson and again after reading the chapter in the science textbook about starfish. Write Yes if you agree with the statement. Write No if you disagree with the statement. The heading for column one is, Response Before the Lesson. The heading for column two is Statement. The heading for column three is, Response After the Lesson. There are 5 empty boxes below the headings for both column one and column three. Below the heading for column two are five boxes with the following statements, from top to bottom. Starfish are only found in warm ocean waters. Starfish have two stomachs. There are about five hundred species of starfish. A starfish's covering is very smooth. If a starfish loses an arm, it can regenerate another. A teacher presents a worksheet with statements about starfish before a science lesson and asks each student to respond according to the directions. The activity is repeated following the reading of a chapter. Which of the following best identifies the instructional technique the teacher uses? A.A study guide B.A structured overview C.A prereading plan D.An anticipation guide

Option (D) is correct. An anticipation guide is an instructional technique designed to build student interest, activate prior knowledge, give a purpose for reading, and allow for reflection after reading.

Ms. Kline, a kindergarten teacher, begins reading a picture book to a small group of students. She reads the top line of text aloud and keeps her finger on the last word. Ms. Kline then asks students, "Where do I read after this?" The teacher is reinforcing students' understanding of which of the following concepts of print? A.One-to-one correspondence B.Page sequencing C.Book orientation D.Return sweep

Option (D) is correct. Concepts of print refers to the ability of a student to know and recognize that print has meaning. Return sweep refers to moving to the left of the next line of a text to continue reading after reaching the end of a line.

Which of the following observations provides evidence that a chemical change has occurred? A.A smudge of black ink on a shirt separated into four different colors. B.A dozen apples were plucked from trees in an orchard. C.A sample of water turned green when a few drops of green food color were added to it. D.Some rust appeared on a bike that was left outside for a few weeks.

Option (D) is correct. Rust appearing on a bike that was left outside is evidence that a chemical change occurred, because the rust is iron oxide that was produced when iron reacted with oxygen in the presence of water vapor.

After completing a writing assignment, students engage in a discussion using comments such as "I can really imagine the scene with all the descriptive words you used." and "Why did the main character do that?" Which of the following aspects of the writing process is most likely taking place? A.Brainstorming B.Editing C.Publishing D.Peer conferencing

Option (D) is correct. Students are interacting with one another and providing feedback on their writing pieces.

Which of the following is the most effective activity for helping students learn about the life cycle of plants? A.Taking turns watering the potted fern plant in the classroom B.Identifying observable features that are different for bean seeds and corn seeds C.Arranging tree leaves into different groups on the basis of leaf size and shape D.Growing sunflowers in a school garden from seeds to mature plants that produce seeds

Option (D) is correct. The activity provides students with an opportunity to observe different stages in the life cycle of a plant.

Which of the following hands-on activities will best help elementary students at lower grade levels explore the relationship between structure and function? A.Listing characteristics that can be used to distinguish living things from nonliving things B.Using water and a graduated cylinder to determine the volume of irregularly shaped objects C.Matching different recorded sounds with pictures of the animals that most likely made the sounds D.Investigating the effects of replacing the round wheels on a toy car with wheels of different shapes

Option (D) is correct. The activity will help students explore the relationship between structure and function through an investigation of how the shape of the wheels on a toy car affects the movement of the toy car.

As students begin a research project, the teacher provides instruction on a prewriting strategy that contains a set of well-developed questions to answer when locating information from various sources. Which of the following explains the primary benefit of using the prewriting strategy in supporting students' research efforts? A.Helping students to understand how broad and important the topic is within a specific discipline B.Assisting students to make text-to-self connections while studying a research topic of personal interest C.Allowing students to reconsider the selected topic based on the availability of relevant resources D.Providing students with critical information to narrow the research by defining the focus and scope

Option (D) is correct. The purpose and benefit of having students use a prewriting strategy of a set of well-developed questions is to create a framework for the project. This defines a focus for gathering of information and limits the scope of the information that will be gathered by narrowing the topic.

Which of the following will most likely help students understand the concept of the factors of a whole number? A.Using a stem-and-leaf plot B.Using a factor tree C.Memorizing a multiplication table D.Using rectangular arrays

Option (D) is correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies for understanding factors. Given a whole number n, the process of finding all the possible rectangular arrays that can be formed that have n dots is the same as finding all possible pairs of factors that have a product of n. The list of all these factors is the list of all numbers that divide n, which is the concept of a factor.

"A fair, six-sided number cube has each face labeled with a different number from 1 through 6. The face with the number 3 is relabeled with a 2. How is the likelihood of rolling the cube and getting a number less than 3 affected by the relabeling? (A) Increases the likelihood (B) Decreases the likelihood (C) Does not change the likelihood" A teacher uses the question above for a class discussion. Which of the following is best for the teacher to address with this question? A.Reasoning about conditional probability B.Computing probabilities of independent events C.Computing probabilities of mutually exclusive events D.Linking likelihood that an event will occur with probability

Option (D) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to link probability to the likelihood that an event will occur. The problem does not focus on how to compute a probability, but only on characterizing the likelihood of an event occurring.

1. Start with a table of all counting numbers from 2 through 100. 2. Circle the number 2 and cross out all of the multiples of 2. 3. Circle the next available number that is not crossed out — in this case 3. Then cross out all of the multiples of 3. 4. Continue circling the next available number that is not crossed out, followed by crossing out all of the multiples of that number, until every number through 100 is either circled or crossed out. A fifth-grade math teacher uses the directions above as a class starter to reinforce a lesson previously introduced. Which of the following best describes the content being addressed by the lesson? A.Composite numbers B.Ordinal numbers C.Cardinal numbers D.Prime numbers

Option (D) is correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students learn strategies for understanding prime numbers. The given directions are a systematic method, known as the Sieve of Eratosthenes, for finding all prime numbers.

8/(4-1)=2-1=1 16(9+1)=144+1=145 3+(6/3)=9/3=3 The work shown is from a student's homework assignment. The student is most likely struggling with which of the following rules for the order of operations? A.Division must be performed before subtraction. B.Multiplication must be performed before addition. C.Operations with exponents must be performed first. D.Operations within parentheses must be performed first.

Option (D) is correct. The question requires understanding how to identify and remediate common mathematical misconceptions. In each of the three examples of student work, the student performed the operation before the parentheses instead of first performing the operation within the parentheses. For example, 8÷(4−1) became 8÷4−1=2−1=1; 16(9+1) became 16×9+1=144+1=145; and 3+(6÷3) became 3+6÷3=9÷3=3. In each piece of student work, the student failed to first perform the operations within parentheses as indicated by the rule for order of operations.

The amount of money that Daniela has in her pocket is at least 7 dollars more than 3 times the amount of money that Emily has in her pocket. A teacher plans to use the statement shown during a lesson on translating sentences into linear inequalities. Which of the following is best for the teacher to do to help the students write an inequality that correctly models the relationship between the amount of money that Daniela has in her pocket, D, to the amount of money that Emily has in her pocket, E? A.Having students make a table of values for possible amounts of money Daniela and Emily each have in their pockets B.Having students work several practice exercises solving inequalities like 3E+7≤D for E C.Having students parse the sentence into "Daniela has at least 7 dollars" and "more than 3 times the amount that Emily has" to write D≥7>3E D.Having students parse the sentence into "Daniela has," "at least," and "7 dollars more than 3 times the amount that Emily has" to write D≥7+3E

Option (D) is correct. The question requires understanding how to select developmentally appropriate instructional strategies to support learning in algebraic thinking. Encouraging the students to first parse the sentence correctly can help them connect the meaning of mathematical symbols with written or spoken English phrases.

A fifth-grade teacher designs a simulation in which students create their own businesses. During the simulation, students must research the guidelines the government would require their businesses to follow along with any associated costs for following those respective guidelines. Which of the following would most likely result from the simulation? A.Students would learn how government policies can reduce the rate of unemployment. B.Students would learn the importance of obtaining credit from financial institutions. C.Students would learn how economic indicators can predict the growth of a business. D.Students would learn the impact of government regulation on private business activity.

Option (D) is correct. The question would encourage students to learn about government interactions in the economy and how regulations can specifically impact a business and its start-up costs.

In a hands-on activity, students investigate the use of an inflated balloon as a power source. The students use different amounts of air to inflate a balloon attached to a toy car. The students then record the distance that the toy car travels across a flat surface when the air is allowed to escape from the balloon. Based on the information provided, the hands-on activity best promotes an understanding of the relationship between which of the following concepts? A.Falling objects and acceleration due to gravity B.Sound waves and vibration C.Gas mixtures and partial pressures D.Stored energy and motion energy

Option (D) is correct. The stored (elastic) energy in the inflated balloon is transformed into motion energy when the air flows out of the balloon, propelling the toy car in the opposite direction.

Which of the following examples shows that a writer does not always progress through the steps of the writing process in a linear manner? A.A student checks a draft of a writing piece for mechanical errors and then confirms and corrects the spelling of several words. B.A student rereads the prewriting notes of a writing piece and then adds more details about the setting and the main characters. C.A student writes a first draft of a writing piece and then revises the text by moving a few ideas to different paragraphs. D.A student writes a first draft of a writing piece and then revises the prewriting graphic organizer to add more details.

Option (D) is correct. The student began working on a first draft and then returned to the prewriting stage to add more detail to the graphic organizer. It can be inferred that the student realized while writing the first draft that there was not enough information and then returned to prewriting before moving forward to revision.

"In a bag of red and blue marbles, there is 1 red marble for every 2 blue marbles. The bag contains 16 blue marbles. How many red marbles does the bag contain?" A group of students who have not previously studied proportions are working on the problem shown. Which TWO of the following strategies will enable the students to solve this problem and build an understanding of proportional reasoning? A.Drawing a picture of 16 blue marbles arranged in groups of 2, drawing 1 red marble for each group of blue marbles, and then counting the red marbles B.Generating a table with pairs of possible numbers of red and blue marbles and verifying that the ratio between the number of red and the number of blue marbles in each pair is equivalent to 12 C.Setting a proportion 12=R16, where R is the number of red marbles, and then teaching how to solve for R D.Showing students that for every 3 marbles, 2 are blue and 1 is red, therefore 23 of the marbles in the bag must be blue and 13 must be red

Options (A) and (B) are correct. The question requires knowledge of strategies to help students understand proportional relationships. Option (A) helps students make sense of the context and find the solution in a very concrete way. Option (B) helps students' reasoning on the number of red and blue marbles and how to start making a connection with proportional reasoning in a more abstract way.

Which two classroom activities would most help students understand the structure of the United States government? A.Constructing a diagram that outlines the powers of the different branches of the government B.Reading an informational text about the history of the government C.Writing an essay about the founders of the United States government D.Listening to speeches by United States government leaders E.Creating scenarios in which government officials apply checks and balances

Options (A) and (E) are correct. The question would encourage students to think about how the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances are major components of the structure of the United States government.

Which THREE of the following strategies will best help students learn about the most effective ways to avoid catching the common cold? A.Having students browse reputable Web sites to read about the transmission of airborne viruses B.Having students create a list of misconceptions about respiratory diseases C.Having students make signs that can serve as reminders of the importance of handwashing D.Having students wear hats and mittens when playing outside in cold weather

Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. Having students browse reputable Web sites to read about the transmission of airborne viruses (such as cold viruses), create lists of misconceptions about respiratory diseases (for example, that the susceptibility to the common cold requires a weakened immune system), and make signs that can serve as reminders of the importance of handwashing (which will reinforce the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of the common cold) are effective strategies for helping students learn about ways to avoid catching the common cold.

Which THREE of the following teacher actions are most effective for gauging students' understanding of the notions of acute, right, and obtuse angles in order to determine whether further instruction is needed? A.Distributing a work sheet on identifying angles as acute, right, or obtuse to student groups; circulating around the room to check answers as groups are working B.Including problems about identifying angles as acute, right, or obtuse on a unit test; noting the average performance by students on these problems C.Distributing small whiteboards to students; asking them to sketch examples of acute, right, or obtuse angles and hold up their whiteboards D.Sketching three angles on the board at the end of class; telling students to write down whether each angle is acute, right, or obtuse, and turn in their answers before leaving the room

Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct. The question requires understanding how to design and use formative assessment to adjust instruction. Determining whether further instruction is needed is a purpose of formative instruction. Options (A), (C), and (D) all describe formative assessment examples, while (B) describes an example of summative assessment.

A fifth-grade teacher provides direct instruction on applying syllabication rules as a word-learning strategy. The teacher creates a list of words divided into syllables to use as examples to demonstrate the skill to students. Which THREE of the following words correctly illustrate the strategy? A.bic-y-cle (bicycle) B.me-tal-lic (metallic) C.wa-ter-mel-on (watermelon) D.sta-bi-liz-er (stabilizer) E.bac-on (bacon)

Options (B), (C), and (D) are correct. Me-tal-lic (metallic), wa-ter-mel-on (watermelon), and sta-bi-liz-er (stabilizer) are correctly divided into syllables and therefore are appropriate words for the teacher to use for student instruction on syllabication rules.

Which THREE of the following strategies are most appropriate to help students understand how to calculate the amount of time, in hours and minutes, that it takes a child to clean a room starting at 3:20 P.M. and finishing at 5:07 P.M.? A.Using a clock face manipulative to count the total number of minutes from 3:07 P.M. to 5:20 P.M., then dividing the total by 60 B.Using a clock face manipulative to count the total number of minutes from 3:20 P.M. to 3:30 P.M., the number of hours and minutes from 3:30 P.M. to 5:00 P.M., and the number of minutes from 5:00 P.M. to 5:07 P.M., then adding the totals together C.Using a clock face manipulative to count the total number of hours and minutes from 3:07 P.M. to 5:07 P.M., then subtracting 13 minutes from the total D.Using a number line to count the number of hours from 3:20 P.M. to 4:20 P.M., the number of minutes from 4:20 P.M. to 4:50 P.M., and the number of minutes from 4:50 P.M. to 5:07 P.M., then adding the totals together

Options (B), (C), and (D) are correct. The question requires understanding how to design instruction to help students know how to represent elapsed time. Strategy (A) is awkward and not terribly enlightening. Each other solution method allows students to picture the correct answer as a combination of a series of more obvious time intervals on either the clock diagram or the number line diagram.