Praxis 5025: Early Childhood Education

Third-graders pass a basketball to a teammate as part of a physical education class. What skill best describes what the class is working on? A. locomotor skills B. non-locomotor skills C. game skills D. locomotor patterns

C. game skills

A second-grade class is working a greater than and less than with unit fractions. Which problem would they more likely see? A. 3/4 <, >, = 6/10 B. 1/4 <, >, = 1/10 C. 2/3 <, >, = 3/4 D. 2/5 <, >, = 5/10

B. 1/4 <, >, = 1/10

Mr. Reyes's second-grade class is running an obstacle course. During the last leg of the course, they must skip to the finish line. Martin is disqualified for running instead of skipping. Which other wording describes why Martin was disqualified? A. He hopped instead of jumping. B. He used the wrong locomotor pattern. C. He used non-locomotor skills instead of locomotor skills. D. He failed to show spatial awareness

B. He used the wrong locomotor pattern.

Which of the following words has the onset italicized? A. pl-ATE B. BR-oom C. in-TER-est D. fair-Y

C. BR-oom

Which of the following spelling patterns is found in the word "bone"? A. VC B. CVC C. CVCe D. CVVC

C. CVCe

Which of the following is an example of a Tier 2 vocabulary word? A. Dog B. Asphalt C. Tsunami D. Establish

D. Establish

For some pairs of whole numbers, the result may not be a whole number.

Division

Commuting the factors results in the same product.

Multiplication

A fifth-grade class is learning about measurements by following a recipe to make modeling clay. If the recipe calls for 2 1/4 cups of flour, which of the following measurement tools can students use to measure the flour? A. 1/4 cup B. 1/3 cup C. 1/2 cup D. 1 cup

A. 1/4 cup

Which of the following is the most appropriate time to encourage young children to start writing? A. As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker B. When they first recognize the speech-print relationship C. After they have learned left-to-right orientation D. When they show they can follow instructions

A. As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker

What physical location has been determined to be the location of the prime meridian? A. Greenwich, United Kingdom B. Moscow, Russia C. New York City, United States D. Juneau, United States

A. Greenwich, United Kingdom

A first-grade teacher begins to introduce her students to reading the time on a digital clock. Which prerequisite skill must her students have mastered to enable them to effectively read the time on a digital clock? A. skip counting by fives B. reading numbers to sixty C. addition and subtraction to sixty D. concepts of clockwise and counterclockwise

B. reading numbers to sixty

One of a teacher's third grade students writes the following sentences: I gave my sister a gift. My sister asks if you know what it is. Which of the following concepts does the teacher need to review with the student? A. sentence fragments B. shifts in pronoun agreement C. lack of pronoun agreement D. use of a pronoun without an antecedent

B. shifts in pronoun agreement

A second-grade teacher is instructing her students about landforms. Which of the following agents causes the change in appearance of the earth's surface in a gradual manner by causing rocks to be broken down into smaller pieces? A. erosion B. weathering C. earthquakes D. deposition

B. weathering

Which of the following actions would be most effective in directly decreasing the impact of the greenhouse effect on the environment? A.Using taller smokestacks B.Reducing the use of fossil fuels C.Adding lime to acidified lakes D.Developing drought-resistant crops

B.Reducing the use of fossil fuels

(1+5×2)−2×2 A student used the order of operations to solve the expression shown. Which of the following identifies the last step needed to simplify the expression when applying the order of operations? A.Subtracting 2 from 22 B.Subtracting 4 from 11 C.Multiplying 2 by 2 D.Multiplying 9 by 2

B.Subtracting 4 from 11

According to the United States Department of Agriculture's MyPlate, intake of which of the following foods should be reduced in the average diet? A.Fruit and vegetables B.Sugary drinks and sodium C.Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta D.Milk, yogurt, and cheese

B.Sugary drinks and sodium

Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate way to help a third-grade class develop game skills related to the game of soccer? A. practicing kicking in isolation B. watching the teacher model proper kicking C. planning a school-wide soccer tournament D. observing a soccer game in progress

C. planning a school-wide soccer tournament

A second-grade physical education teacher is trying to help her students develop manipulative skills and also develop more hand-eye coordination. Which activity would be most appropriate? A. push-ups B. bocce ball C. playing catch D. setting up a chain of dominoes

C. playing catch

A preschool teacher gives her students egg-shaker maracas to shake while she plays the morning welcome song. Which musical concept is she encouraging students to develop? A. timbre B. pitch C. rhythm D. tone

C. rhythm

Matt, a second grader, is working with the school counselor on appropriate behavior. One of the strategies Matt has been given is to count to ten before acting when he is angry. What skill is the counselor helping Matt develop? A. self-concept B. interpersonal relationships C. self-regulation D. conflict resolution

C. self-regulation

Ms. Janet is examining several texts for appropriateness for her first-grade class. Which of the following types of sentences should make up the majority of the text she chooses? A. complex B. compound C. simple D. compound-complex

C. simple

Mr. Rhodes wants to help his kindergarten class make more healthy food choices. All of the following are methods to do this EXCEPT: A. modeling healthy eating himself B. planting and maintaining a school garden C. teaching his students proper tooth brushing techniques D. encouraging them to eat more whole fruits and to drink less fruit juice

C. teaching his students proper tooth brushing techniques

The "ake" in the words "bake" and "snake" is an example of which of the following? A. A phoneme-grapheme relationship B. A long-vowel /a/ digraph C. A morpheme D. A rime

D. A rime

A lesson plan specifies that students will practice the concept of one-to-one correspondence. Which of the following activities should be incorporated into the lesson? A. count objects laying randomly in a box B. count fish swimming in a pond C. count birds flying in the sky D. count objects ordered in a line

D. count objects ordered in a line

Which animal would live in a temperate forest? A. kangaroo B. sloth C. dolphin D. deer

D. deer

Anna has just joined a teacher's first grade class. she and her family recently moved from Taiwan to Texas, and they speak little English, especially Anna. The teacher knows that her home language is Mandarin, and she knows that its sounds are often very different from English sounds. The teacher is spending the bulk of the allotted reading time on phonics decoding and word attack skills. Most of the class is working on spelling words with challenging consonant digraphs like -ch, -sh, and -th. In what way might the teacher differentiate instruction for Anna, who does not yet speak English fluently? A. giver her a book to read in Mandarin while the rest of the class is working on spelling B. have her copy the spelling words instead of writing them independently C. avoid any phonics instruction and focus on developing Anna's English vocabulary D. design an activity that will help Anna become familiar with basic English phonemes

D. design an activity that will help Anna become familiar with basic English phonemes

It is common for very young children to draw human figures with limbs that are either too large or too small for the body of the figure. What principle of art are these children still developing? A. emphasis B. movement C. contrast D. proportion

D. proportion

Taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide

Respiratory system

Controlling voluntary and involuntary actions by sending signals throughout the body

Nervous system

A third-grade student is given the following problem: 4 + (2 x 6). He then rewrites the problem as 4 + 2 x 6 and gets the answer of 36. What mistake has he made? A. He has not followed the proper order of operations B. He has misapplied the commutative property C. He has failed to use the property of multiplicative identity D. He has misapplied the distributive property

A. He has not followed the proper order of operations

Which of the following statements is true about phonemic awareness? A. It generally has to be explicitly taught. B. It is natural and intuitive. C. Most students will master it at the same rate. D. Students do not need it to begin reading.

A. It generally has to be explicitly taught.

Which of the following described the role exposition plays in a story? A. It sets up the setting and characters B. It allows the climax to unfold C. It is the sequence of events leading up to the climax D. It ends the story

A. It sets up the setting and characters

Which of the following is true of beginning phonics instruction that might occur in a kindergarten classroom? A. It usually involves lots of oral exercises B. It relies heavily on sight word knowledge C. It presumes students have a knowledge of Latin and Greek roots D. It does not require knowledge of letter-sound correspondence

A. It usually involves lots of oral exercises

When learning about improper fractions, students are asked to decompose the fraction 14/3. Which of the following students has decomposed the fraction properly? A. Angel: 1 4/3 B. Dina: 3/3 + 3/3 + 3/3 + 3/3 + 2/3 = 4 2/3 C. Roberto: 4 1/3 D. Danny: 3/14

B. Dina: 3/3 + 3/3 + 3/3 + 3/3 + 2/3 = 4 2/3

Which of the following students composes both sentences as simple sentences? A. Mario: At school. Everyone does work. B. Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house. C. Anna: She's smiling because the dog came back. After he came back, he wanted food. D. Jacquelyn: Drive fast! We'll be late if we don't hurry.

B. Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house.

Ms. Greene is scaffolding her prekindergarten students during block play. She helps one student form a pattern of one yellow block, one green block, one yellow block. What can be said about Ms. Greene's instructional strategy? A. She is encouraging number conservation through manipulatives B. She is encouraging sequencing through manipulative C. She is encouraging subitizing through cardinality D. She is encouraging the development of one-to-one correspondence

B. She is encouraging sequencing through manipulative

Mrs. Smith is reading a story set on Valentine's Day to her kindergarten class, which includes both students born in the United States and students who are not as familiar with American holidays. Which of the following can she conclude about the knowledge demands of this story, and what might she do to prepare her students for these demands? A. The story will be easy for all students to understand because most American holidays such as Valentine's Day are universal B. She should give her students some background on the holiday first because not all of her students will have had experience with this holiday. C. The book has very low knowledge demands and will only require the focus and attention of her students D. The story easily fits in with what all of her students already know, so it is a perfect choice per its knowledge demands.

B. She should give her students some background on the holiday first because not all of her students will have had experience with this holiday.

Which of the following project-based learning activities would be most effective in teaching second graders the life cycle of a plant? A. The students use an interactive computer program to see the life cycle of a plant B. The students plant a seed and record what happens as the plant grows C. The students draw a diagram and label the parts of the plant D. The students listen to a story and learn about the life cycle of a plant

B. The students plant a seed and record what happens as the plant grows

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sun? A. The sun has water in its atmosphere B. The sun holds all the planets in place C. The sun has no atmosphere D. The sun takes twenty-four hours to rotate

B. The sun holds all the planets in place

A first-grade teacher provides students with materials and class time to create original pieces of art representing their favorite colors. Which TWO of the following are the most appropriate drawing media for students to use for this project? A.Digital cameras and photos B.Tempera paints C.Colored modeling clay D.Beige craft sticks and glue

B.Tempera paints C.Colored modeling clay

Which part of the ear contains the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance? A.The outer ear B.The inner ear C.The eardrum D.The ear canal

B.The inner ear

Which of the following measurements is sufficient to be able to calculate a cube's volume in the Customary System of measurement? A.The density of the cube B.The length of the cube's edge C.The mass of the cube D.The weight of the cube

B.The length of the cube's edge

A kindergarten teacher puts five blocks on the table and asks the students how many blocks there are. She then gives one block each to five students and asks the class how many blocks there are now. Which mathematical concept is the teacher demonstrating? A. cardinality B. subitizing C. decomposing D. number conservation

D. number conservation

A first-grade teacher asks his students to write the answer for 4 + 0. Many of his students respond by writing 0. The teacher then decides he must do some reteaching. Which concept should he reteach? A. the additive identity B. the associative property C. the commutative property D. number composition

A. the additive identity

Which of the following life-cycle topics is the most developmentally appropriate for prekindergarten students? A. the life cycle of a pumpkin B. the life cycle of the stars C. the evolution of reproduction and heredity D. the metamorphosis of a butterfly

A. the life cycle of a pumpkin

Which of the following activities is most appropriate for teaching students about measuring with nonstandard units? A. using paper clips to measure the length across a desk B. using paper clips to measure the length across a room C. using paper clips to measure the distance between two houses D. using paper clips to measure the height of a person

A. using paper clips to measure the length across a desk

Which of the following two calculations yield a Lexile score for a text? A. word frequency and sentence length B. knowledge demand and text structure C. levels of meaning and vocabulary D. word frequency and knowledge demand

A. word frequency and sentence length

Maria is a kindergarten student going through math learning center rotations. At the teacher-led table, her teacher asks her to show the equation 2 + 2 with blocks and to count aloud as she adds. Other than addition, what concept is Maria practicing and demonstrating for her teacher? A. composing numbers B. one-to-one correspondence C. number conservation D. subitizing

B. one-to-one correspondence

Mrs. Ramirez has a classroom routine of conducting a read-aloud with her kindergarten class each morning and then asking her students questions to gauge their level of comprehension, engagement, and interest in the story. Which of the following types of questions should Mrs. Ramirez primarily ask her students? A. rhetorical questions B. open-ended questions C. closed-ended questions D. passive-listening questions

B. open-ended questions

Mr. Scott writes the following words on the board: blimp, roar, and grin. He asks his class to make a new word out of each word by removing a part of the existing word. Which of the following concepts is the teacher trying to develop in his students? A. the alphabetic principle B. phoneme deletion C. phoneme substitution D. phoneme segmentation

B. phoneme deletion

Mrs. Adams asks her third-grade class to write an equation to match the following problem: Alex went to the store to buy hamburger buns for a cookout. He needed thirty-six hot dog buns. Each package contained twelve buns. How many packages does he need to buy? Which equation is correct? A. 12 x 3 = B. 12/36 = C. 36 divided by 12 = D. 12 divided by 36 =

C. 36 divided by 12 =

Mrs. Cabrera gives her second-grade class a test on two-digit addition with regrouping. She notices that of the twenty-five students in the class, twenty students received a score of 100%. What can be said about the 100% score? A. It is the average. B. It is the range. C. It is the mode. D. It is the mean.

C. It is the mode.

Mrs. Reyes asks her kindergarten class the following question: "What words would you use to describe the idea of love?" Why is this NOT an age-appropriate question? A. Kindergarten students are not capable of emotions. B. Kindergartners cannot recognize their own emotions. C. Kindergartners have not yet mastered abstract thinking. D. Kindergartners are not able to describe things orally.

C. Kindergartners have not yet mastered abstract thinking.

Mr. Light has just finished teaching his first-grade students about the human body. Which would be the best way to assess the students' learning? A. Mr. Light gives the students an oral multiple-choice assessment. He reads the questions and the students choose their answer. B. Mr. Light puts students in groups and gives them a big cutout of the human body. The students draw and label the parts of the body. C. Mr. Light gives the students a diagram that has blanks for the students to label. There is also a word bank to help students choose and spell the word. D. Mr. Light reviews the human body. After his review, he hands the students a sticky note. The students must write down something they have learned about the human body.

C. Mr. Light gives the students a diagram that has blanks for the students to label. There is also a word bank to help students choose and spell the word.

As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board:can change shape and sizeThe teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students is most correct? A. Cassandra, who wrote liquid B. Sonia, who wrote solid C. Sebastian, who wrote gases D. Franklin, who wrote solids and gases

C. Sebastian, who wrote gases

A second-grade teacher notices that one of her students has lost interest in reading or speaking in her home language. To encourage her, she asks for the student's "help" to read a short blurb in a newspaper in the student's home language. Why is the teacher most likely doing this? A. She wants to assess the student's oral fluency in her home language. B. She wants to encourage the student to read more informational texts. C. She wants to encourage the student to maintain her biliteracy. D. She wants the student to practice prosody and rate in her home language.

C. She wants to encourage the student to maintain her biliteracy.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a gas? A. The particles do not flow easily and cannot move past one another. B. The particles are packed so tightly together that they never move C. The particles are very far apart and constantly bouncing off one another. D. The particles are close together, but not packed tightly.

C. The particles are very far apart and constantly bouncing off one another.

A prekindergarten teacher observes one of her students screaming at another student after an argument over a special marker. The teacher, Mr. Maloof, takes the screaming student aside and asks her the following question: "How are you feeling right now?" Why might Mr. Maloof have asked this question? A. There is no good reason, since the child's feelings are obvious based on her screaming. B. Mr. Maloof wants to validate the appropriateness of the child's behavior. C. The question would help the child recognize her emotions. D. By asking this question, Mr. Maloof is providing an appropriate consequence.

C. The question would help the child recognize her emotions.

A second-grade teacher asks his class the following question: "If I have a pizza cut into eight pieces, and I cut it into sixteen pieces, will each new piece be smaller or larger?" Which skill is he encouraging students to practice? A. prediction B. estimation C. equivalent fractions D. unit fractions

A. prediction

Which of the following is a primary function of flowers? A.Pollination B.Photosynthesis C.Phototropism D.Pasteurization

A.Pollination

A first-grade teacher brings different types of flowers into the classroom and asks the students to make observations about them. Which of the following student responses is an example of a scientific observation that will best help in classifying the flowers? A.Some of the flowers are wilted. B.Some of the flowers are yellow. C.The flowers are pretty. D.The flowers are soft.

B.Some of the flowers are yellow.

A music teacher instructs her second-grade choir students to sing very loudly during one part of the song and to sing very softly during another part. What is this an example of? A. pitch B. tone C. dynamics D. harmony

C. dynamics

Hedy delivers 1 letter to Harry on Monday, 3 letters on Tuesday, and 5 letters on Wednesday. For the rest of the week, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, the number of letters Harry receives increases by the the same quantity established on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Which of the following is the total number of letters that Harry receives that week? A.13 B.18 C.36 D.49

C.36

Which of the following is equivalent to 3/5 ? A.15% B.30% C.60% D.75%

C.60%

Which of the following are sight words? A.Stool, paste, green B.Bead, paid, foil C.They, said, does D.Round, white, large

C.They, said, does

Pumping blood throughout the body

Circulatory system

A Montessori early childhood classroom has a series of bells that correspond to different notes in order. Which musical concept might these bells be helping students learn? A. timbre B. rhythm C. melody D. scale

D. scale

Basic science process skills form the touchstone for scientific thinking. It is crucial that measuring, observing, inferring, communicating, and (i)____________________________________ be practiced regulary in the science classroom at the most basic level. It is the (ii) __________________________________ of these skills that allows for a well-rounded understanding of scientific concepts. Blank (i) A. classifying B. reasoning C. critiquing Blank (ii) D. study E. integration F. contemplation

(i) classifying (ii) integration

As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a third-grade teacher writes the following definition on the board: the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students is most correct? A. Luke, who wrote humidity B. Philip, who wrote atmosphere C. Justine, who wrote temperature D. Kelli, who wrote precipitation

A. Luke, who wrote humidity

Ms. Craig asks her students to write the word "sailboat". Levi spells the word "PKLLEEP". At which of the following levels is Levi spelling? A. Prephonemic B. Phonemic C. Transitional D. Conventional

A. Prephonemic

Which THREE of the following classroom activities are effective for helping a student who is a slow and nonfluent reader? A. Reading along with a taped or recorded book B. Timed reading sessions designed to increase the number of words read per minute C. Repeated choral readings of the class's favorite poems and funny stories D. Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

A. Reading along with a taped or recorded book C. Repeated choral readings of the class's favorite poems and funny stories D. Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

Which of the following scenarios would allow children to make game skills connections? A. Second-grade students complete drills in kicking a ball and then play a game of kickball B. Kindergarten students learn several dance positions and them perform at a recital C. A first-grade class plays a game of soccer against first-grade class. D. Third-grade students rotate between playing Frisbee and playing with hula-hoops

A. Second-grade students complete drills in kicking a ball and then play a game of kickball

Which of the following is most effective in helping young children develop phonological awareness? A. Singing songs with simple rhymes B. Singing the alphabet song C. Using large markers to print letters D. Looking for environmental print

A. Singing songs with simple rhymes

What is an example of an assignment modification during silent reading time that a first grade reading teacher could make for an academically gifted student? A. The teacher could have the student read from books at a higher Lexile level B. The teacher could have the student work on extra math or social studies instead C. The teacher could have the student track how many books he or she can read in one month D. The teacher could ask the student to for more input of what would keep her engaged in the class

A. The teacher could have the student read from books at a higher Lexile level

Research on the conflicts that children frequently deal with supports which of the following observations? A.Children model their actions on those of adults. B.Young girls have more conflicts than boys. C.Children pay more attention to peers than to parents. D.Young boys attend to conflicts among other boys only.

A.Children model their actions on those of adults.

A prekindergarten class hums the same song whenever it is time for students to rotate to the next learning center. As the school year progresses, students begin to hum this song on their own. What can be said about these students? A. They have learned the melody of the song B. They have learned the pitch of the song C. They have learned the timbre of the song D. They have learned the scale of the song

A. They have learned the melody of the song

During a lesson on mean, median, and mode. Mrs. Allen's students ask why the median is important. She replies that sometimes the median is a more accurate description of the data than the mean. Which of the following examples should she use to demonstrate this fact? A. a data set with extreme values B. a data set with an odd number of values C. a data set with a small number of values D. a data set with multiple modes

A. a data set with extreme values

Which lesson on personal hygiene would be most appropriate for a kindergarten class? A. a discussion on brushing teeth B. talking about the importance of deodorant use C. how to apply hair conditioner D. a lesson on toenail trimming

A. a discussion on brushing teeth

Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation in animals? A. a lizard has camouflaged skin B. a skunk sprays a toxin to scare away the prey C. a spicer spins a web to trap food D. a bird migrates south in the winter

A. a lizard has camouflaged skin

A teacher wants to plan an integrated literacy and science activity to engage his second-grade class in increasing their visual literacy. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to meet his goal? A. an activity where students find an image or graphic online about recycling and then explain what the image communicated B. an activity where students organize and implement a school-wide recycling effort C. having students read a short story about a boy who is praised for recycling D. having students conduct thorough research both online and at the school library to find out more about types of products that can be recycled

A. an activity where students find an image or graphic online about recycling and then explain what the image communicated

Mrs. Bevels is teaching her lower elementary students about weather. What measuring tool should she have available to teach her students how to measure air pressure? A. barometer B. wind vane C. anemometer D. thermometer

A. barometer

A second-grade teacher is using interactive notebooks to help students interact with new math content. When reviewing one student's notebook, the teacher notices that the student has written 3-2 = 2-3. What mathematical property has this student applied incorrectly? A. commutative B. distributive C. identity D. associative

A. commutative

Cecily is a second-grade student who is having trouble identifying the main idea of a passage and generating a simple summary of what she has read. Which of the following does Cecily need more practice with? A. comprehension B. decoding C. onset and rime D. affixes

A. comprehension

On a field trip to an art museum, a third-grade teacher stops the class in front of a canvas painted half black and half white. What principles of art might he discuss as they pertain to this painting? A. contrast and proportion B. movement and balance C. pattern and emphasis D. emphasis and movement

A. contrast and proportion

A preschool teacher is introducing his students to one-to-one correspondence. Which of the following activities should he use in his classroom? A. counting each toy as it is put away in a toy box B. matching socks from a laundry basket C. playing Go Fish to match cards with similar numbers D. asking students to identify the color of a ball

A. counting each toy as it is put away in a toy box

A first-grade student on the playground is observed to be sliding in a forward and upward motion with one foot in front of the other. Which locomotor patter is she using? A. galloping B. skipping C. hopping D. pivoting

A. galloping

Emerson Elementary School has an on-campus store where students can purchase snacks. Which of the following activities involving the store would NOT be a good way to teach a second-grade class about money or the value of money? A. having students calculate the tax on certain items B. explaining how price tags are used to show the cost of an item C. encouraging them to find an item within a given budget D. using play money to shop in the store

A. having students calculate the tax on certain items

Third-grade students are creating a story map as they read about the donkey Sylvester, who has turned into a rock. The most important benefit of the story-mapping activity is that it will help the students A. improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events B. make connections to other characters who have solved a problem C. develop a vocabulary they can use in writing their own stories D. understand the essential features of a problem and its solution

A. improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events

Learning to differentiate among words that have common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as "pre-," "un-," "dis-," "-tive," "-tion," and "-ment") are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of A. morphological analysis B. configuration cues C. contextual clues D. phonemic analysis

A. morphological analysis

Which of the following word pairs shows both a CV and VC pattern? A. on, go B. off, pin C. clap, up D. big, bad

A. on, go

Mrs. Hayes has targeted one of her kindergarten students for more practice with counting bears because he struggles with jumping ahead as he counts objects. Which of the following learning objectives is Mrs. Hayes most likely working to help this student achieve? A. one-to-one correspondence B. ability to skip count by two C. sorting objects by shape D. patterning and sequencing

A. one-to-one correspondence

Ms. Pi, the school's Mandarin teacher, wants to partner with the kindergarten classroom teacher to help students develop appreciation for Chinese culture outside of language. Which activity would be most appropriate? A. organizing a Chinese New Year celebration B. having students create a poster about different dress and hairstyles in China C. displaying an infographic comparing Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China D. showing a video on Mao Zedong

A. organizing a Chinese New Year celebration

Which of the following hands-on activities will be most effective in introducing kindergartners to the concept of the five senses? A. placing an object in a paper bag and having students use all their senses to decide what the object might be B. reading a story about the five senses and having a discussion C. placing objects in a free-choice center for students to explore on their own with their senses D. reading a story, having students observe an object, and then discussing the object

A. placing an object in a paper bag and having students use all their senses to decide what the object might be

Mr. Jones is teaching equivalent fractions. Which of the following skills could he use to show an application of this skill? A. reducing a very large fraction B. finding the reciprocal of a fraction C. drawing a visual fraction model D. working with unit fractions

A. reducing a very large fraction

Mrs. Cortez is quietly reading a book to Henry, a three-year-old student who did not fall asleep during nap time. As she reads, Mrs. Cortez points to each word on the page. Which of the following is the teacher trying to accomplish? A. reinforce Henry's print awareness B. keep a steady pace and rhythm as she reads C. lull Henry to sleep D. focus Henry's attention toward reading the words along with her

A. reinforce Henry's print awareness

Mrs. Collins asks her students to skip count by fives to 100. Which of the following basic skills is necessary for the students to complete the task? A. rote memorization of numeric words B. writing numbers C. matching patterns D. sorting objects

A. rote memorization of numeric words

Which of the following is the music played when the president of the United States arrives to deliver the State of the Union address to the United States Congress? A.Hail to the Chief B.The Star-Spangled Banner C.America the Beautiful D.My Country, 'Tis of Thee

A.Hail to the Chief

A first grade teacher is introducing his students to word problems and asks the class which operation the phrase "how many left over" would indicate. Which operation is correct? A. subtraction B. division C. multiplication D. rounding

A. subtraction

Which of the following Earth science topics is developmentally appropriate for kindergartners? A. the four seasons B. shifting continents and landforms C. geological formation of different types of rocks D. ozone depletion

A. the four seasons

A kindergarten teacher wants to help his students develop balance, so he puts a balance beam outside on the playground to help students meet this goal. What additional factor should he consider to ensure student safety? A. the surface underneath the equipment B. student fitness levels C. the time at which students eat lunch D. an alternate activity for those who do not wish to participate

A. the surface underneath the equipment

A teacher in Los Angeles asks her first-grade class the following question: "Do you have more shorts and short-sleeved shirts at home or more coats and sweaters? Why?" These questions would most likely precede a discussion on A. the way climate impacts people B. different clothing choices among different cultures C. standards of modesty in dress hat vary by culture D. he way in which one's social conditions impact him or her

A. the way climate impacts people

Which of the following can be used to help kindergarten students understand what is meant by a repeating core pattern consisting of a triangle, a circle, and a square? A. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle square B. triangle, circle, square, triangle C. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle D. triangle, circle, triangle, circle, triangle, circle

A. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle square

A person comparing the volume of 1 kilogram of feathers with the volume of 1 kilogram of gold would observe that the A.1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume B.1 kilogram of feathers has a smaller volume C.feather and the gold have equal volumes D.volume of the gold varies with pressure

A.1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume

Which of the following is the best example of a group working together to address the group members' needs? A.A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food. B.Every Friday, first-grade students exchange books with each other to read over the weekend. C.A teacher provides students with additional recess time as a reward. D.Business leaders sell stocks to fund the construction of a new manufacturing plant.

A.A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food.

A first-grade class is learning about addition and subtraction fact families. Which of the following students has correctly written an example of two equations in the same fact family? A.Abia, who writes 5 + 3 = 8 and 8 - 3 = 5 B.Kali, who writes 3 + 4 = 7 and 7 - 1 = 6 C.Ru, who writes 4 + 2 = 6 and 2 - 6 = 4 D.Ted, who writes 2 + 3 = 5 and 1 + 4 = 5

A.Abia, who writes 5 + 3 = 8 and 8 - 3 = 5

I enjoyed the trip to the museum. We rode there in the school bus. We also saw many displays and ate lunch. Which of the following instructional strategies will be most useful in helping the student improve the writing piece shown? A.Asking the student questions about the trip B.Providing the student with an informational text to find more ideas C.Asking the student to write a list of descriptive words D.Showing the student how to construct simple sentences

A.Asking the student questions about the trip

Which of the following manipulatives are most appropriate for a teacher to use with second-grade students exploring place value? A.Base ten blocks B.Pennies C.Geoboards D.Six-sided number cube

A.Base ten blocks

Which of the following are primarily used by the human body for fuel during the first five minutes of intense exercise? A.Carbohydrates B.Fats C.Proteins D.Vitamins

A.Carbohydrates

A kindergarten teacher begins a lesson on the properties of triangles by displaying several different shapes to students. Then, the students sort the shapes into triangles and nontriangles. After sorting the shapes, the class then discusses the characteristics of a triangle. Which of the following students most completely and correctly identifies the characteristics of a triangle? A.Jacob, who said, "All triangles have three sides and three angles." B.Kayla, who said, "All straight-edge shapes with three sides are triangles." C.Mark, who said, "All triangles have two short sides and a long side." D.Sally, who said, "All closed shapes with angles are triangles."

A.Jacob, who said, "All triangles have three sides and three angles."

A second-grade teacher is researching information on folklore. Which of the following can be a problem when studying folklore? A.Lack of primary source documentation B.Difficulty locating links between oral and written literatures C.Identifying universal themes D.Recognizing prototypical characters

A.Lack of primary source documentation

Second graders are learning to sing folk songs from various countries of the world. This music activity best supports which of the following social studies objectives? A.Students will recognize artistic creations as expressions of culture. B.Students will recognize that cultures are more alike than different from one another. C.Students will use group social skills to learn how to work together to present a school program. D.Students will recognize the diversity that exists in U.S. schools.

A.Students will recognize artistic creations as expressions of culture.

For a population of organisms that is neither growing nor declining in size, which of the following are most likely to be equal? A.The birth rate and death rate B.The number of herbivores and number of carnivores C.The number of organisms in the youngest age class and number in the oldest age class D.The number of plant species and number of animal species

A.The birth rate and death rate

Associating the factors in different ways results in the same sum.

Addition

Which of the following describes a way that a third-grade teacher could integrate interpretation of a painting into a social studies lesson? A. The teacher could ask students to discuss how color is used in a piece of modern art B. The teacher could ask students to discuss how a painting from another time period shows the subject differently than it would be shown today C. The teacher could ask students to make their own piece of art about a certain social studies topic of interest D. The teacher could encourage students to locate pieces of art that are based on the topic of "people and their environment"

B. The teacher could ask students to discuss how a painting from another time period shows the subject differently than it would be shown today

Mr. Blake wants to give his kindergarten class an introduction to the idea of first-person point of view, so he reads a story about a dinosaur who wants to be a ballerina. The story is told in the voice of the dinosaur. After he has read the story to the class, Mr. Blake asks a series of questions. Which of the following questions introduces students to the first-person point of view? A. Why did the dinosaur want to become a become a ballerina? B. What character told the story we just read? C. Where did the story take place? D. What did you like most about the story?

B. What character told the story we just read?

A teacher is informally assessing second-grade students' listening comprehension skills after reading aloud Aesop's fable "The Lion and the Mouse." Which of the following prompts requires the children to draw an inference from the fable? A. Who are the characters in the fable? B. What lesson does the fable teach? C. How does the mouse help the lion? D. Can mice and lions really talk?

B. What lesson does the fable teach?

Which of the following describes a relationship of economic interdependence? A. a subsistence farmer growing all of the food his family needs B. a desert country importing food from the US while exporting oil there C. a local shopkeeper selling basic goods to his community D. a family in which the members make all of their own clothing

B. a desert country importing food from the US while exporting oil there

Graphic novels are effective for third-grade students because they A. provide interesting plots for advanced readers B. allow development of visual and verbal literacy C. demonstrate the use of similes and metaphors D. display charts and graphs in a variety of ways

B. allow development of visual and verbal literacy

Mr. Watts teachers at a progressive school that believes in an emergent curriculum where student interest helps dictate the units of study. He is planning a class-wide research project. Which of the following should be his first step? A. taking students to the library to see what materials are available on topics they are interested in B. asking students for topics that interest them and then listing them on the board C. having students evaluate websites for relevance to their topic D. having students take notes from an article about a topic he assigns

B. asking students for topics that interest them and then listing them on the board

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? A. baking a cake B. boiling water C. burning wood D. rust on a bike

B. boiling water

A second-grade teacher asks her students to write an addition problem to show how to make the number 543 with hundreds, tens, and ones. Wha is she asking her students to do? A. compose a number B. decompose a number C. use doubling D. create an array

B. decompose a number

A third-grade physical education teacher notices that one of his students has lower levels of overall endurance and a harder time completing activities designed to build cardiovascular fitness. What modifications might he make for this student? A. excusing the student from all activities outside of stretching B. decreasing the time and intensity of the student's exercises C. encouraging the student to develop greater body awareness D. helping the student to develop more fundamental motor skills

B. decreasing the time and intensity of the student's exercises

A third-grade teacher asks her class to convert 78% to a decimal. What step do the students need to take to arrive at the correct answer? A. multiply 78 by 100 B. divide 78 by 100 C. multiply 28 by 10 D. divide 78 by 10

B. divide 78 by 100

A third-grade physical education teacher notices that some of his students are struggling to complete certain exercises related to building strength. Which of the following would be an appropriate exercise modification that still allows them to work toward meeting strength-building objectives? A. doing sit-ups instead of pull-ups B. doing modified push-ups where one's knees are on the ground C. doing fewer strength-building activities and more stretching D. lifting weights of increasing difficulty until mastery

B. doing modified push-ups where one's knees are on the ground

A third-grade teacher asks her students to create a poster with images as part of a science project. She gives students the following direction: "Make sure the most important par of your poster stands out." What principle of art is she using? A. unity B. emphasis C. proportion D. pattern

B. emphasis

After sharing a picture book about opposites with a class of 3-year-old children, a teacher talks with the children about the concept of opposites. The teacher then asks them to use the pictures in the book to talk about opposites with their peers. The lesson best encourages oral language development in young children by A. helping them construct meaning from a text B. encouraging them to engage in conversation C. using a text as a resource to teach a concept D. modeling a think-aloud to encourage thought

B. encouraging them to engage in conversation

A kindergarten teacher hoping to integrate physical education into everyday instruction tosses a beanbag to students each morning during circle time. Which skill is she helping her students develop? A. spatial awareness B. fundamental motor skills C. body awareness D. self-care skills

B. fundamental motor skills

A kindergarten teacher gives students small paintbrushes for an activity because she wants them to work on more detailed painting. One student named Mila, however, is behind the rest of the class in fine motor skills. What modification might the teacher make? A. give Mila a different activity as making a play-dough figure B. give Mila a larger paintbrush or a paintbrush with a sponge on the end C. have Mila finger paint instead of using a brush D. encourage Mila to make her painting abstract instead of realistic

B. give Mila a larger paintbrush or a paintbrush with a sponge on the end

Which of the following is an example of a producer? A. zooplankton B. grass C. fish D. grasshopper

B. grass

Which of the following is the best way to introduce a kindergarten class to the structure and organization of an informational text? A. give a lecture on headings, subheadings, sidebars, and graphics B. have students explore the classroom textbooks for headings and sidebars C. have students complete an outline of the organizational structure of each of their textbooks or workbooks D. have students count the number of books in the classroom with graphics

B. have students explore the classroom textbooks for headings and sidebars

Mr. Smith's second grade class is going to read a story aloud. He wants to emphasize that the narrator has a different point of view from the other characters. Which of the following should he do to emphasize this point? A. read the entire story himself and point out when the narrator is speaking B. have students read in a different voice when reading/speaking as the narrator versus when reading/speaking as the characters C. have students label the text for each line that is spoken by the narrator D. have students read very slowly when reading the narrator's lines so they can really appreciate the narrator's points

B. have students read in a different voice when reading/speaking as the narrator versus when reading/speaking as the characters

A first-grade teacher wants to integrate music and math. Which activity would be most appropriate? A. playing music while students use counting bears to count out numbers up to ten B. having students clap as they count up to add five or higher C. asking students to place notes on the proper lines on sheet music D. having students listen to music and graph high and low notes on a chart

B. having students clap as they count up to add five or higher

Mr. Clark is giving his third grade students lots of practice making inferences, and he wants to make sure they back up their inferences with textual evidence. Which of the following activities should he use to help his students practice this skill? A. teaching his students about bias B. having students highlight or underline the part of the text that led them to a certain inference C. having his students rewrite a summary of each story they read D. having students rewrite the ending of a story per what they thought should have happened

B. having students highlight or underline the part of the text that led them to a certain inference

Mrs. Hayball is reading a story to her kindergarten students as part of an integrated unit on community leaders. The book is about a girl whose mother is running for mayor. About halfway through the book, the election happens. At this point, Mrs. Hayball stops and asks the following question: "What do you think is going to happen?" Which of the following skills is Mrs. Hayball helping her students practice? A. building anticipation B. making predictions C. integrating curriculum D. understanding character motivation

B. making predictions

Hannah is four and in Mr. Lawrence's prekindergarten class. Mr. Lawrence is having a conference with Hannah's mother, who has expressed concern that Hannah frequently misspells words that she uses to label pictures she draws. Which of the following is the advice Mr. Lawrence should give Hannah's mother? A. have Hannah focus on a few target spelling words each week until she begins to label her pictures correctly B. not to worry since Hannah is in the invented spelling phase, which is a natural part of literacy development C. not to worry since Hannah is receiving lots of targeted phonics practice in school but to have Hannah go back and correct these pictures D. have Hannah focus on learning new vocabulary each day as this will help with her overall spelling development

B. not to worry since Hannah is in the invented spelling phase, which is a natural part of literacy development

A third-grade teacher is designing activities for field day. She wants one of the activities to involve both the development of dynamic balance and relationships of movement. Which activity should she choose? A. egg toss B. paired sack race C. tug-of-war D. push-ups

B. paired sack race

Which of the following phonics strategies can help a student struggling to spell a word? A. phoneme substitution B. phoneme segmentation C. phoneme blending D. phoneme deletion

B. phoneme segmentation

A third-grade music teacher is working with a student who sings too "high" for the song. What aspect of music is the teacher helping the student with? A. rhythm B. pitch C. melody D. harmony

B. pitch

Which of the following concepts do students need to understand in order to answer the following question? What is the largest three-digit number can you make using the digits 3, 6, and 8? A. rounding B. place value C. decomposing D. subitizing

B. place value

Which method of assessment is most useful to track student progress in visual arts? A. observational notes B. portfolios C. summative assessment D. oral assessment

B. portfolios

Which of the following incorporates multimedia elements into the daily routine of a preschool classroom? A. having students create a website about a topic of their choosing B. projecting the names of the daily student helpers on a screen each morning C. organizing a dramatic reading of a favorite story every day D. having a guest speaker talk to students about a topic of interest

B. projecting the names of the daily student helpers on a screen each morning

Which of the following terms best describes the ability to read with expression and appropriate phrasing? A.Accuracy B.Prosody C.Rate D.Schema

B.Prosody

Ms. Tina wants to incorporate parts of the alphabetic principle into her morning circle time routine in her prekindergarten classroom. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for her to use? A. asking her students to complete letter-tracing sheets each morning during circle time B. showing a letter on a card, saying the associated sound, and having students repeat the sound C. reading a storybook aloud while pointing to the words D. having students help her create labels for each item in the classroom

B. showing a letter on a card, saying the associated sound, and having students repeat the sound

Which of the following is the most appropriate activity for teaching prekindergarten students about states of matter? A. drawing a model of each state of matter B. sorting objects or pictures into the different categories C. writing what they learned about the states of matter D. having students independently make a root beer float to see the states of matter

B. sorting objects or pictures into the different categories

It is very common for toddlers to bump into things as they move around the classroom. Which movement concept are they still learning? A. body awareness B. spatial awareness C. qualities of movement D. relationships

B. spatial awareness

A prekindergarten teacher is starting a unit on visual arts. What might be a good activity to introduce students to this topic? A. showing a documentary film on postmodernist art B. taking students outdoors and having them draw a picture of something they observe C. playing music of different eras and having students discuss whether they enjoy it D. showing students a variety of pictures of works from different eras and asking them to compare and contrast the artists' use of light and shadow

B. taking students outdoors and having them draw a picture of something they observe

Which of the following would be an appropriate warm-up for a kindergarten class before their main physical education activity? A. running laps around the field B. teacher-guided stretching C. hitting a ball of a tee D. hand-clapping games

B. teacher-guided stretching

A second-grade teacher asks her students to mix one drop of red paint with two drops of blue paint to create the color blue-violet. What concept is she teacher her students? A. secondary colors B. tertiary colors C. complementary colors D. primary colors

B. tertiary colors

Ms. Perez, a first-grade teacher, is working on map and globe skills with her class. To asses student knowledge of key concepts, she is calling students up one by one during independent work time to determine their level of proficiency with place identification. Which places would be most appropriate for Ms. Perez to ask students to identify on the large classroom maps? A. Canada, Mexico, and the Antarctic Ocean B. the United States and their home state C. the capital of their home state and major cities like Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago D. the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River

B. the United States and their home state

Which of the following is the goal of active listening? A. to give the appearance of interest in the speaker B. to ensure the listener has understood the speaker C. to ask frequent and probing questions of the speaker D. to be a good audience member during an oral presentation

B. to ensure the listener has understood the speaker

A first-grade student, Kyle, has drawn an elaborate picture of a garden in his journal and has written: "I LK RD FLRS." Kyle's sentence suggests that an appropriate next step in his development as a writer would be learning to A. print lowercase letters B. use medial vowel sounds C. blend consonant sounds D. recognize common sight words

B. use medial vowel sounds

A second-grade class is learning about the properties of two dimensional shapes. Which of the following activities would best reinforce the concept of perimeter? A. using play dough to make solid figures B. working on a jigsaw puzzle C. using toilet paper tubes to create a windsock D. throwing a basketball through a hoop

B. working on a jigsaw puzzle

Ben bought 3 cantaloupes for $1.50 each and 3 watermelons for $4.00 each. If he paid for the 6 items with a $20 bill, how much change did he receive? A.$2.50 B.$3.50 C.$4.50 D.$5.50

B.$3.50

2050: 15,000 2060: 17,500 2070: 20,000 2080: 23,500 2090: 25,000 3000: ???? If the population trend on Mars continues as predicted in the graph above, what will be the population on Mars in the year 3000 ? A.25,000 B.27,500 C.30,000 D. 32,500

B.27,500

At a certain school, the ratio of the number of female teachers to male teachers is 5 to 2. Which of the following could be the total number of female and male teachers at the school? A.20 B.35 C.37 D.52

B.35

Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 2/3 ? A.4/16 B.8/12 C.4/8 D.12/16

B.8/12

Second-grade students are using a calculator to total the number of books in their classroom library. At one point, they mistakenly subtract 12 instead of adding 12. What one change can they make to the total of 57 on the calculator display to correct the mistake? A.Add 12 B.Add 24 C.Subtract 12 D.Subtract 24

B.Add 24

A second-grade teacher is recording information about the students' favorite colors in a table on a whiteboard. The teacher asks each student for his or her favorite color and then writes the student's name next to the name of the selected color. Which of the following is most appropriate to use to display the information? A.Stem plot B.Bar graph C.Line graph D.Box plot

B.Bar graph

Which of the following demonstrations best illustrates a chemical change? A.Boiling water B.Burning a candle C.Melting an ice cube D.Connecting two magnets

B.Burning a candle

Three-year-old Samuel is looking at pictures of a dog, a bird, and a snake. The teacher observes Samuel counting the four legs on a dog and wants to use this teachable moment to reinforce Samuel's sequencing skills. Which of the following steps would the teacher most likely prompt Samuel to do first? A.Sequencing the pictures from fewest legs to most legs B.Counting the number of legs on each individual animal C.Writing the number of legs of each animal on a whiteboard D.Making a simple graph of the number of legs on each animal

B.Counting the number of legs on each individual animal

Which of the following activities is designed to encourage dramatic play in 3 year olds? A.Reading aloud from a picture storybook while students are seated on a story rug B.Creating a dress-up area where students put on costumes and act out scenarios C.Using poetry to demonstrate rhyming words for the students D.Asking the students to arrange picture cards in a storyboard format

B.Creating a dress-up area where students put on costumes and act out scenarios

To an observer on Earth, it appears as if the Sun orbits Earth once each day. Which of the following is responsible for the misconception? A.Earth's smaller size B.Earth's rotation C.Earth's tilt on its axis D.Earth's orbit

B.Earth's rotation

Which of the following organisms has a body consisting of a head, a thorax, and an abdomen? A.Starfish B.Fly C.Centipede D.Shark

B.Fly

Which TWO of the following actions demonstrate self-awareness in an average first-grade student? A.Taking turns when playing with other students B.Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C.Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week D.Listening to another student who is retelling a familiar story

B.Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C.Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week

Which of the following activities would be most effective in establishing a democratic classroom? A.Having the class create models of important monuments in Washington B.Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class C.Having students role-play ways of being a good citizen D.Reading a book about the writing of the Constitution to the class

B.Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class

During a unit titled "All About Me," a first grade teacher would like the students to create a time line of their life to share with the class. Which of the following is most important for the students to include in the project? A.Descriptions or pictures of special events related to their family's culture B.Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order C.Pictures of family members and friends arranged in order of importance to them D.Magazine clippings of the favorite foods their family enjoys

B.Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order

A teacher provides students with a list of words that include "precede," "project," "illegal," and "disappear." The students are most likely learning about which of the following concepts? A.Onsets B.Prefixes C.Consonant blends D.Diphthongs

B.Prefixes

A kindergarten teacher puts the shapes above on a whiteboard and asks the students to use their math words to describe what they see. Which of the following student comments contains an error? A.The triangle is outside and above the rectangle. B.The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has. C.The rectangle is bigger and on the bottom of the triangle. D.The rectangle has the same number of corners as it has sides.

B.The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has.

Which of the following strategies is most beneficial for students to use during the publishing stage of the writing process? A.Reviewing and reorganizing the draft B.Typing the final copy on a computer C.Correcting errors in spelling and grammar D.Holding peer conferences

B.Typing the final copy on a computer

After reading two texts about the first Thanksgiving, a third-grade teacher asks students to compare the events in both texts. Which of the following graphic organizers is best for the students to use? A.Flowchart B.Venn diagram C.Story map D.Cluster diagram

B.Venn diagram

Which of the following actions is the best example of a student showing good citizenship? A.Playing an instrument for a school performance B.Volunteering to clean up a park C.Working at practical tasks from beginning to end D.Developing a positive attitude toward school

B.Volunteering to clean up a park

Draw a triangle and divide it into halves Draw a square and divide it into halves Which is larger: half of the triangle or half of the square? A third-grade teacher asks students to complete the tasks shown. By asking students the question, the teacher most likely wants them to A.understand that it is much easier to divide a square than a triangle B.recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole C.understand how to find equivalent fractions using concrete examples D.recognize that a fraction is a part of a whole

B.recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole

Jean is willing to hike in the snow, but Jim is reluctant and goes inside because of the frigid temperatures. Which type of context clue in the sentence helps decode the meaning of the underlined word? A. Definition B. Synonym C. Contrast D. Example

C. Contrast

Which of the following is a characteristic of Earth? A. Earth has two moons. B. Earth takes twenty-seven days to orbit the moon. C. Earth takes 365 days to orbit the sun. D. Earth is the second planet from the sun in our solar system.

C. Earth takes 365 days to orbit the sun.

Mark, a first grade student, is sounding out the word "flat". He sounds out the word f-l-a-t. Which of the following is true about Mark? A. He is lacking basic knowledge of the alphabetic principle B. He needs more practice with affixes C. He sounded out each letter individually versus the onset and rime D. He has a strong knowledge of consonant blends

C. He sounded out each letter individually versus the onset and rime

Which of the following whole-group activities would best support kindergartners' understanding of a story's setting after listening to the story read aloud? A. Sequencing picture cards of the events in the story B. Creating a map showing the relationships among the characters in the story C. Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings D. Creating a chart matching the details in the story to the main idea

C. Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings

Which of the following is true of a fact family? A. It may aid in student understanding of place value B. It is a way to introduce addition and subtraction of fractions C. It contains two addition equations and two subtraction equations D. It emphasizes the commutative property of subtraction

C. It contains two addition equations and two subtraction equations

Mrs. Lovett is teaching her students how to use reciprocals to divide fractions. She asks four students to divide 5/6 by 2/3. Which of the following students correctly completes this operation? A. Juan: 5/6 divided by 2/3 = 7/9 B. Reggie: 5/6 divided by 2/3 = 6/5 divided by 2/3 = 12/15 C. Madison: 5/6 divided by 2/3 = 5/6 x 3/2 = 15/12 = 5/4 D/ Amir: 5/6 divided by 2/3 = 15/18 + 12/18 = 27/18

C. Madison: 5/6 divided by 2/3 = 5/6 x 3/2 = 15/12 = 5/4

A second-grade teacher is teaching her students about simple machines. Which of the following is the most hands-on, developmentally appropriate activity? A. The teacher puts students in groups and the students write a report on a simple machine B. The teacher reads a book and then hands out a sorting worksheet. The students must sort the machines into the correct category C. The teacher puts students in groups and they create a simple machine using materials provided; then they present their machine to the class D. The teacher puts students in groups and asks them to research the history of the automobile

C. The teacher puts students in groups and they create a simple machine using materials provided; then they present their machine to the class

Which of the following is true of the process of students developing new locomotor patterns? A. They frequently lose skills they once had. B. They should develop these patterns on their own without instruction. C. They will need repetition to master them. D. They will not be able to apply them in other contexts.

C. They will need repetition to master them.

Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to help prekindergarten students identify the conflict in a story? A. Who are the characters on this page? B. How was the problem resolved? C. Why was (character name) so mad? D. Where did this story happen?

C. Why was (character name) so mad?

A first-grade art teacher wants to encourage her students to use texture in their art. Which medium/project would be best for this purpose? A. a pastel drawing B. an acrylic painting C. a feather collage D. a pinch pot vase

C. a feather collage

Miss Greene is searching in her curriculum resources for a map to introduce her second-grade class to the idea of a legend. Which map would be the best resource for her to use? A. a political map of the United States showing each state in the same color B. a topographical map showing different elevations C. a map that uses corncob icons to denote the major corn-producing states in the United States D. a map that includes latitude and longitude

C. a map that uses corncob icons to denote the major corn-producing states in the United States

Mr. Fox has a class of third graders who have been working on lots of silent reading comprehension exercises in order to prepare for an upcoming state test. However, Mr. Fox is concerned about the overall reading fluency of some of his students as they seem to be having trouble with these assignments. Which of the following assessments should Mr. Fox use with these students to assess their fluency? A. a written assessment on digraphs B. a written standardized test C. an oral reading assessment D. a spelling test

C. an oral reading assessment

Mr. Howard wants his first graders to work on the development of self-identity. Which activity would be most appropriate? A. having each student write down a nice thing about each member of the class and then sharing these affirmations B. assigning students an essay to write on the roles of each of their family members C. asking students what they want to be when they grow up and why D. having students role-play resolving conflict through compromise

C. asking students what they want to be when they grow up and why

Which of the following geometric concepts would be most appropriate to introduce to a kindergarten class? A. surface area B. perimeter with unit cubes C. attributes of shapes D. circumference and radius

C. attributes of shapes

What would be the most appropriate activity for a prekindergarten class to participate in as they listen to a new piece of music? A. identifying the different instruments they hear B. stating whether the piece is polyphonic or homophonic C. clapping along with the rhythm of the piece D. describing the pitch of the piece

C. clapping along with the rhythm of the piece

A kindergarten teacher opens a book to the middle of the story and asks a student, "Where on this page should I begin reading?" It is most likely that the teacher is attempting to evaluate the student's A. ability to draw inferences from text B. phonological knowledge C. concepts about print D. understanding of syntax

C. concepts about print

A first-grade teacher sets up a science center with an activity related to floating objects. The students have a bowl of salt water and a bowl of fresh water to put small objects in. Which of the following concepts is the teacher trying to help students better understand through the science teacher? A. the states of matter B. the differences between freshwater and saltwater habitats C. density D. the scientific process

C. density

Which of the following is a physical education activity aimed at increasing student cardiovascular fitness and endurance? A. stretching before sprinting as fast as possible B. walking on a balance beam while holding something in one's hands C. doing jumping jacks for several minutes without stopping D. learning how to shoot a basketball

C. doing jumping jacks for several minutes without stopping

A third-grade teacher is teaching her class strategies to confirm their answers when performing simple operations of division with remainders such as 10/3. Which strategy would be most helpful to her students? A. using a number line B. using a dot plot or scatter plot C. drawing the number of objects and then partitioning D. drawing the problem as fractions and then multiplying

C. drawing the number of objects and then partitioning

Which classroom setup is most conducive and appropriate to promoting social interaction among second-grade students? A. individual desks B. assigned spots on a carpet C. group or paired seating D. students seated in front of computer terminals

C. group or paired seating

Tameka is a kindergarten student in Miss Hernandez's art class. While painting with watercolors, Tameka becomes upset that she painted the grass in her painting too deep a shade of green for her liking. What can Miss Hernandez do to help? A. tell Tameka that grass comes in all shades, and her painting is just fine B. encourage Tameka to start over on a new sheet C. help Tameka add water to the piece to lighten the shade of green D. repaint the grass for Tameka

C. help Tameka add water to the piece to lighten the shade of green

A second-grade teacher asks her class the following question: "What kind of houses would people living in forests most likely build?" What is she trying to help students understand? A. the relationship between conservation and resource depletion B. economic interdependence C. how people relate to their environment D. the way the global economy and the environment impact each other

C. how people relate to their environment

Which of the following describes a manipulative skill appropriate for a pre-kindergartner to work to develop? A. bowling B. catching a baseball pop fly C. kicking a large kickball D. hopping on alternating feet

C. kicking a large kickball

A second-grade teacher notices that many of her ELL students are more likely to practice oral reading when someone sits next to them and helps them with challenging vocabulary. Which instructional strategy might benefit these students? A. assistive technology B. assignment modifications C. peer tutoring D. progress monitoring

C. peer tutoring

A kindergarten class has a spelling center where students use letter magnets to spell out the names of different objects based on a picture card. Johnny has just spelled "dog" with the magnets correctly placed under the picture of the dog. The teacher comes by and says to Johnny, "Let's read this word together, /d/ /o/ /g/. What word did I sound out?" Which of the following concepts is the teacher trying to help Johnny develop? A. onset and rime B. phoneme segmentation C. phoneme blending D. phoneme deletion

C. phoneme blending

Mr. Reyes asks his third-grade class to calculate how much money would be left if a person bought a pack of gum for $1.68 and paid with a $10 bill. Aside from measurement, what math skills is this problem assessing? A. skip counting and percentage B. ratios and borrowing C. place value and decimals D. order of operations and place value

C. place value and decimals

Mr. Haskell has a group of gifted and talented first-grade students. He sets up the classroom with several tables full of different types of reading material. He has newspapers, magazines, books, brochures, letters, and more. He tells his students to explore these materials and think about what makes them different from each other. He asks them to think about the presence or absence of pictures, size of the print, organization, and other features. Which of the following skills is Mr. Haskell trying to develop in his students? A. the ability to read and understand a wide variety of texts on many different reading levels B. the ability to select texts that are most appropriate for their own reading level C. the ability to compare information presented in different forms D. the ability to compare digital and physical print

C. the ability to compare information presented in different forms

A second-grade student on a field trip to a sculpture garden notices how sunlight is reflecting off a metal statue and making it shine. What is the student noticing? A. the texture of the sculpture B. the form of the sculpture C. the value of the sculpture D. the space of the sculpture

C. the value of the sculpture

A first-grade teacher notices that one of her students is able to read a difficult book aloud when her friend, the best reader in the class, sits next to her and helps her with some of the more challenging words. What concept is this teacher observing? A. the formal operational stage B. abstract thought C. the zone of proximal development D. the chronosystem

C. the zone of proximal development

A second-grade teacher gives students unit cubes and a large empty cube. She asks them to count out how many unit cubes fit in the empty shape. What concept is the teacher introducing to her students? A. area B. perimeter C. volume D. surface area

C. volume

19+17+15+13+7+5+3+1 Which of the following is another way of writing the sum of the numbers shown? A.4×18 B.4×19 C.4×20 D.4×21

C.4×20

There are 21 red and green crayons in a box. 13 of the crayons are red. How many are green? Student 1: 21−g=13 Student 2: 13+□=21 Student 3: G+13=21 Student 4: 21−13=Δ A teacher asks four students to write a number sentence that represents the word problem shown. Which of the following is represented by a letter or a symbol in each student's number sentence? A.A numerator B.A factor C.An unknown D.A sum

C.An unknown

Which of the following activities will best foster the development of students' listening skills? A.Asking students to identify rhyming words from a list of words B.Asking students to identify which picture has a different initial sound from a set of three pictures C.Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud D.Asking students to draw a picture and then write a sentence about their drawing

C.Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud

5+4=9 4+5=9 Which of the following properties of operations is best illustrated by the mathematical statements shown? A.Additive inverse property B.Additive identity property C.Commutative property of addition D.Associative property of addition

C.Commutative property of addition

Which of the following physical activities provides students with the best opportunity for self-expression and social interaction? A.Chasing B.Fleeing C.Dancing D.Dodging

C.Dancing

A preschool teacher asks children to each find one item in the classroom that is shorter than a provided ruler and one item that is longer. Which of the following methods is an age-appropriate strategy for comparing the objects that the children select? A.Creating a bar graph B.Placing all items end to end C.Lining objects up side by side D.Making a pie chart

C.Lining objects up side by side

While planning a science unit, a teacher decides to include several activities that will have children handle, examine, and experiment with soil samples. Which of the following terms best describes the activities? A.Reasoning activities B.Classification activities C.Multisensory activities D.Problem-posing activities

C.Multisensory activities

"Write about a time when you lost something important you." A third-grade teacher asks students to respond to the prompt shown. The prompt asks students to produce which of the following types of writing? A.Expository B.Informative C.Narrative D.Persuasive

C.Narrative

A teacher asks preschoolers Dominic and Keira to make sure that each child at their table has an apple. They take several apples from a basket and place an apple in front of each child seated at their table. Dominic then says, "We need more apples for our table, an apple for Keira and an apple for me." Which of the following mathematical understandings is Dominic demonstrating? A.Rote counting B.Cardinality of a set C.One-to-one correspondence D.Estimating a quantity less than 10

C.One-to-one correspondence

Which of the following best reflects an inquiry-based science activity for a unit about the life cycle of insects? A.Visiting a live-butterfly exhibit online B.Reading books about types of worms C.Raising caterpillars in the classroom D.Drawing pictures of insects

C.Raising caterpillars in the classroom

Each student in a math class is given a shoe box containing 20 pennies. The teacher has the student shake the box and then write a number sentence relating the number of heads showing, the number of tails showing, and the total number of coins. Which of the following concepts is most closely aligned to the purpose of the activity? A.Exploring the intuitive meaning of chance B.Recognizing that addition and subtraction are inverse operations C.Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition D.Identifying a one-to-one correspondence

C.Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition

Which of the following activities will best help students understand the structure of a science text? A.Completing a cluster diagram B.Summarizing the text C.Reviewing the subtitles D.Developing questions about the text

C.Reviewing the subtitles

To provide a real-world example of a lever, a second-grade teacher should have students use which of the following pieces of playground equipment? A.Slide B.Swings C.Seesaw D.Sandbox

C.Seesaw

Which of the following best describes energy that is produced by vibrations and travels only through a medium? A.Gravitational potential B.Light C.Sound D.Heat

C.Sound

During a trip to the art museum, Ms. Lott and her pre-K students look at abstract paintings by Piet Mondrian, whose work was characterized by black lines intersecting at right angles and planes in primary colors. When they return to class, the students each make a construction-paper collage using red, yellow, and blue rectangles of various sizes and thin black strips. The teacher asks the students to think carefully about where to place the paper shapes before gluing them onto a white paper base. Which of the following skills is Ms. Lott encouraging the students to use with this activity? A.Tactile sensation B.Guided practice C.Spatial perception D.Artistic diversity

C.Spatial perception

Which of the following educational goals best states why first graders should receive instruction designed to develop their media literacy? A.Students will understand the United States monetary system and how to spend money wisely. B.Students will learn that all sources of information can be trusted as nonbiased and accurate. C.Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens. D.Students will learn to compare products and make good choices when shopping.

C.Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens.

A school displays a bulletin board with portraits of Sandra Day O'Connor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan in observance of Women's History Month. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for the bulletin board? A.Hidden Talents B.First Ladies C.Supreme Women D.Inventors All

C.Supreme Women

A preschool teacher provides a water table and various containers for children to use to investigate ways water can be stored and transferred. After a few weeks, the teacher introduces funnels and colanders to the center. Which of the following is the most appropriate focus question for the teacher to pose as children explore these new items? A.Why does the water always run down the funnel? B.Which of the containers will hold more water? C.What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander? D.How does the shape of the container affect the shape of the water?

C.What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander?

Which of the following strategies will best help students create engaging oral presentations? A.Preparing notes to read word-for-word during the presentation B.Providing the class with copies of the written report before the presentation C.Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation D.Memorizing the entire report before the presentation

C.Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation

The ability of the heart to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body during a whole-body workout involving the large muscles is most closed associated with A.flexibility B.resistance C.aerobics D.stamina

C.aerobics

A preschool teacher is introducing the concept of living and nonliving things. The most appropriate introduction of the concept would be to ask children to A.create a chart of the characteristics of living and nonliving things B.sort pictures of living and nonliving things in a learning center C.describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium D.role-play living and nonliving things in a game of charades

C.describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium

A second-grade teacher is using a globe and a world map while explaining time zones as they relate to direction. The most accurate statement the teacher could make about time zones is that each time zone becomes earlier than the previous one as an individual travels A.north across lines of latitude B.south across lines of latitude C.west across lines of longitude D.east across lines of longitude

C.west across lines of longitude

Which of the following is the most appropriate introductory activity about syllables for a kindergarten class? A. Having children underline the vowels in a word with a red crayon B. Asking children to draw a line to separate each syllable break in a word C. Having children write the number of syllables in a word represented by a picture card D. Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

D. Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

A teacher gives each student in a class a list containing the words "whale," "three," "ship," and "chew." Then the teacher says, "Circle the two letters in each word that go together to make the new sounds we have been learning about." The exercise can most appropriately be used to assess the students' ability to recognize which of the following? A. Consonant blends B. Double vowel sounds C. Short vowel sounds D. Consonant digraphs

D. Consonant digraphs

A class is reading a story in which the main character is facing a dilemma. Which of the following activities is most likely to encourage the students to think ahead and collaboratively generate solutions to the character's dilemma? A. Categorizing the characters in the book into groups of major and minor importance B. Having students independently make a list of five possible solutions C. Showing the students a video version of the story D. Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

D. Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

Mr. Hart, a third-grade teacher, has asked his students to write a short narrative about something interesting that happened to them during the week. What accommodation could he make for an English language learner to enable her to best participate in this activity? A. He could ask the students to write only two sentences instead of the full narrative B. He could have the student dictate the narrative into an audio recorder C. He could give the student a graphic organizer to organize her thoughts first before she writes D. He could allow the student to use an English picture dictionary or an electronic translating device

D. He could allow the student to use an English picture dictionary or an electronic translating device

At the end of a second-grade reading unit, a teacher reads the following sentences in a child's response journal. This is a long tail. Their onced was a sun. He worked in a coal mind. He was sooty. Then he found a garland. That is a red gem. The child needs help with which of the following? A. Synonyms B. Antonyms C. Phonics D. Homophones

D. Homophones

A second-grade class has just read a story about a young girl whose family moved from Oklahoma City to Lagos, Nigeria. Which question might help spark appropriate discussion about recognition of and appreciation for cultural differences? A. Why did the family move to Lagos? B. What is the population of Lagos? C. Have you ever been to a big city? D. How is Lagos different from Oklahoma?

D. How is Lagos different from Oklahoma?

Which of the following concepts is a second-grade teacher introducing by having students understand the consequences of breaking rules? A.Demand B.Tolerance C.Diversity D. Justice

D. Justice

A teacher notices that a student has written the words "goed" and "breaked" in a story. Which of the following best describes the error the student is making? A. Applying a wrong verb tense B. Using a compound predicate C. Using suffixes in a novel way D. Overapplying a recently learned rule

D. Overapplying a recently learned rule

A second-grade teacher is trying to help her students learn how to use a compass rose. She gives each student a map of the United States with a compass rose. She asks students to follow a series of instructions. Which instruction might she include? A. Point to the state that is directly above Texas. B. Point to the capital of Florida C. Point to the only state that is an island D. Point to the state that is directly to the west of Utah

D. Point to the state that is directly to the west of Utah

A teacher has decided to create a class-wide digital literacy sampler to show parents the hard work his class has done over the course of a unit on narrative writing. Which of the following phases in the authorship cycle is the teacher addressing? A. Brainstorming B. Editing C. Drafting D. Publishing

D. Publishing

Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development? A. Places vowels in syllables B. Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters C. Understands word structure D. Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

D. Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

Which of the following best explains why it is necessary to teach unfamiliar, academic vocabulary to students who are English-language learners before they are asked to read a passage in a nonfiction text? A. Such vocabulary is likely to be concrete and easy to illustrate. B. Such vocabulary is appealing to visual and kinesthetic learners. C. Such vocabulary is likely to be similar to words in the students' first languages. D. Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations.

D. Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the moon? A. The moon's gravity holds all the planets in place. B. The moon is the center of the solar system. C. The moon's light takes eight minutes to reach the earth. D. The moon takes twenty-seven days to orbit Earth

D. The moon takes twenty-seven days to orbit Earth

A prekindergarten teacher notices one of her students, Rene, is pretend reading a book from the back cover to the front cover. Which of the following does Rene need more practice with? A. phonemic awareness B. phonological awareness C. letter-sound correspondence D. concepts of print

D. concepts of print

A preschool teacher with a class of three-year-old students is teacher them about clouds. Which of the following is the most appropriate activity? A. The teacher gives the students paint to depict the different types of clouds B. The teacher has the students draw and label the different types of clouds C. The teacher has students independently make the four types of clouds using cotton balls D. The teacher gives students shaving cream to make clouds on their tables

D. The teacher gives students shaving cream to make clouds on their tables

A second-grade teacher wants to have her students collect data and create a bar graph. Which of the following would be the best question for her to give her students? A. How does the temperature outside change during the day? B. What percentage of students like different types of ice cream? C. What is the relationship between a plant's age and height? D. Which classroom has the largest number of students?

D. Which classroom has the largest number of students?

Ms. Watts wants to prepare a unit on community helpers for her prekindergarten class. She wants to include a hands-on exploratory activity as part of this unit. Which activity would best meet her goal? A. inviting an attorney to speak to the class B. reading a story about the role of the police in keeping the community safe C. getting students to brainstorm different community helpers D. allowing students to try on the protective equipment firefighters use

D. allowing students to try on the protective equipment firefighters use

Mr. Grant happens upon Jada, a third-grade student, struggling to get started on an assignment. What can he do to promote her self-awareness and metacognition? A. help her get started by creating a graphic organizer for her B. pair another student with her to help C. ask her to read the directions aloud D. ask her which part she does not understand

D. ask her which part she does not understand

A second-grade teacher wants to show her class how many books they have read versus how many books the other second-grade class has read. Which graphic representation is best to show this data? A. line graph B. pie chart C. stem-and-leaf plot D. bar graph

D. bar graph

Ms. Markel is making recommendations for her school's lunch program. Which recommendation is based on the MyPlate food guide? A. serving more fruit juice and less whole fruit B. focusing mostly on red and orange vegetables C. making proteins the largest portions D. changing to low-fat or fat-free milk

D. changing to low-fat or fat-free milk

Mrs. Walker has various swatches of colored fabric. She holds different color combinations up in pairs and asks the class to raise their hands if they think the color combinations look pleasing together. Which concept is Mrs. Walker likely trying to teach her class? A. secondary colors B. art criticism C. contrast D. complementary colors

D. complementary colors

Ms. Wilson knows that George, unlike the rest of her kindergarten students, did not attend any sort of preschool or prekindergarten program. Because of this, George has trouble adjusting to certain classroom routines during the first few weeks of school. Ms. Wilson assists George by giving him more verbal cues and help with transitions that she does with other students. What concept is Ms. Wilson promoting? A. equality B. tolerance C. natural consequences D. equity

D. equity

A teacher notices that Eva, one of her kindergarten students, is trying to read the following sentence: The ball sits. Eva can sound out the words "ball" and "sits" but is struggling with the word "the". Which of the following targeted practice should be used with Eva? A. give her more practice with more challenging digraphs like "th" B. give her more practice with letter-sound correspondence C. have her practice more silent reading and less oral reading D. give her practice with high-frequency sight words

D. give her practice with high-frequency sight words

A sixth-grade class is divided into groups and asked to collect quantitative data for a class project. Each group submits its plan to the teacher. Which group will need to be redirected? A. group A: test scores of students in a class B. group B: costs of different airline fares C. group C: income of people in a company D. group D: the favorite color of members in a family

D. group D: the favorite color of members in a family

Child's spelling of "boat" over the course of months: September: bt November: bot January: bote Based on the information in the chart above, it can be inferred that the child A. has a limited knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds B. has not yet learned about long vowel sounds C. is not using the classroom word wall appropriately D. is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds

D. is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds

How are Supreme Court justices selected? A. through an election B. nomination by the House with approval by the Senate C. appointment by the president D. nomination by the president with confirmation by the Senate

D. nomination by the president with confirmation by the Senate

Which of the following is a common error that a first grade student might make with nouns? A. not capitalizing his or her name B. not knowing when to use -er and -est C. not knowing how to form contractions D. not knowing when to add -s or -es

D. not knowing when to add -s or -es

A first-grade teacher sets up a science center with an activity that asks students to dissect owl pellets. Which of the following is the teacher trying to develop in students through the center? A. vocabulary B. classification C. hypothesis D. observation

D. observation

Who are the most frequent agents of a child's primary socialization? A. teachers B. religious leaders C. media D. parents

D. parents

Mrs. Hernandez is selecting instruments to order for her prekindergarten class. Which type of instruments would be the most appropriate? A. woodwinds B. brass C. strings D. percussion

D. percussion

Mr. Abadi is encouraging his third-grade students to help him in a letter writing campaign to the city council in an effort to convince them not to tear down Eleventh Street Park. Which of the following types of writing is Mr. Abadi introducing his students to? A. descriptive B. cause and effect C. compare and contrast D. persuasive

D. persuasive

A first-grade teacher sets up a science center with an activity that has four candy canes and four glasses, each filled with a different liquid. The liquids are warm water, cold water, oil, and vinegar. The students are instructed to hypothesize which liquid they think will dissolve a candy cane the quickest and then test their predictions. The teacher is trying to encourage student predictions on which of the following? A. physical properties B. physical change C. density D. reactions

D. reactions

Which of the following would be a developmentally appropriate activity to help kindergarten students understand some characteristics of the art of ancient Egypt? A. instructing them to conduct research on hieroglyphs and how they were used B. inviting a guest lecturer whose expertise is the role of women in the ancient world C. having students complete a diagram of the various stages in pyramid construction D. showing students pictures of hieroglyphs and then having them draw their own

D. showing students pictures of hieroglyphs and then having them draw their own

A second-grade teacher is teaching her students to count money. Which of the following skills should students have before starting the lesson? A. decomposing numbers B. subitizing C. division D. skip counting

D. skip counting

A first-great teacher gives each student a handful of dimes and asks them to count out seventy cents. What underlying mathematical concept must students have first mastered to enable them to complete this activity? A. working with nonstandard units of measurement B. decomposing whole numbers C. commutative property of addition D. skip counting by tens

D. skip counting by tens

It is raining, and Mrs. Jansen's prekindergarten class cannot go outside for recess. She decides to work on their non-locomotor skills in the classroom instead. Which activity would be best? A. hopping in place B. jumping from one taped-off place on the floor to another C. focusing on inhalation and exhalation D. stretching

D. stretching

A third-grade teacher asks his class to compare the different way they might write an email or letter to a close friend with the way they might write a social studies report. Which of the following characteristics of effective writing is he trying to develop in his students? A. theme B. mechanics C. concept development D. style

D. style

A third-grade student asks the teacher why it is important to learn about the cultures of other countries. Which of the following statements would be most helpful in answering the student's question? A."To honor an educational tradition" B."To help students become more like each other" C."To help us understand the contributions of ancient civilizations" D."To learn that people are more alike than different"

D."To learn that people are more alike than different"

City X 8 P.M. Monday City Y 6 ​A.M. Tuesday The table shows the local times for a person in City X and a person in City Y who are having a phone conversation. The time in City Y is how many hours different from the time in City X ? A.14 hours behind B.14 hours ahead C.10 hours behind D.10 hours ahead

D.10 hours ahead

+25−25=0 −10+10=0 Which of the following is the property of integers illustrated by the equations shown? A.Associative property of addition B.Commutative property of addition C.Additive identity property D.Additive inverse property

D.Additive inverse property

A third-grade teacher is planning a lesson on the impact of human actions on the physical environment. Which of the following events would best relate to this topic? A.El Niño in South America B.Drought in central Africa C.An earthquake in Haiti D.An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

D.An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Third-grade students are writing reports on a science topic. Which of the following tools will best help students with the assignment by initiating written discussion of their report? A.Slide-share programs B.Instant messaging applications C.Interactive whiteboards D.Blogging programs

D.Blogging programs

Ms. Hanza, a second-grade teacher, surveys her students and tallies their favorite shapes. Then, the class constructs the graph shown above. Which of the following math skills will the activity primarily reinforce? A.Learning properties of geometric figures B.Understanding concepts of probability C.Exploring spatial relationships D.Collecting and representing data

D.Collecting and representing data

Which of the following activities will best help first-grade students understand changes that occur over time? A.Investigating the cultural celebrations and holidays of other countries B.Identifying the characteristics of the individual seasons of the year C.Analyzing the current ways energy is produced in their area D.Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

D.Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

Which of the following classroom activities provides first-grade students with the most meaningful practice in counting? A.Counting the number of trees in 20 acres of forest B.Connecting dots to order numerals from 1 to 20 C.Matching numerals to sets of objects D.Determining the number of school days before the next holiday

D.Determining the number of school days before the next holiday

Groups of third-grade students are creating a mural depicting a tree at various seasons of the year. They will depict the creatures that depend on the tree for shelter and food, what the tree gives to each of them, and how to take care of the tree. Which of the following environmental concepts are the students investigating? A.Community B.Conservation C.Population D.Ecosystem

D.Ecosystem

Which of the following activities for preschool children best promotes imagination and curiosity? A.Watching a variety of instructional videos and movies B.Discussing the importance of classroom rules C.Participating in structured games during recess D.Having opportunities for pretend play in daily activities

D.Having opportunities for pretend play in daily activities

Which of the following is caused by a virus? A.Malaria B.Ringworm C.Sickle cell anemia D.Influenza

D.Influenza

Which of the following art activities for first graders would help them learn about the different textures of materials used in buildings? A.Matting and framing photographs of famous buildings B.Creating a collage using magazine photos of buildings C.Making scale drawings of famous buildings D.Making crayon rubbings of building surfaces

D.Making crayon rubbings of building surfaces

Students in a second-grade class are comparing the lengths of different objects in the classroom using metric measurement units. Which of the following measurement units is most appropriate for the students to use? A.Yard B.Kilometer C.Foot D.Meter

D.Meter

Bobby and Jasmine are kindergarten students who are playing at the water station. Jasmine fills a cup with water, lifts it up, and turns it over. She says, "Look, Bobby, I'm making rain!" Bobby replies, "I can make rain too." He then picks up the plastic watering can and pours the water into the water station. Which of the following instructional activities will best support the students' development of inquiry skills? A.Reading a story about rain and discussing the characters in the story with the students B.Providing a picture of a rainy day and asking the students to tell a story based on the picture C.Showing a video about rainy, snowy, and sunny days and telling students to describe different activities they can do on each day D.Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain

D.Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain

Miss Fridley, a kindergarten teacher, is planning an activity that integrates the arts and gross motor skills for an interdisciplinary unit on butterflies. Which of the following student activities best meets her goal? A.Painting butterflies with finger paints on poster boards B.Creating butterfly-shaped kites for use during outside play C.Examining a butterfly in a jar with a magnifying glass D.Pretending to be caterpillars turning into dancing butterflies

D.Pretending to be caterpillars turning into dancing butterflies

At the beginning of the school year, a second-grade teacher observes that students in class often argue with one another when they are assigned to work with someone they do not like. Which of the following is the best action for the teacher to take in resolving these conflicts? A.Requiring students who have a history of initiating arguments to stay after school B.Introducing a process where students are paired up only if they get along with one another C.Giving extra assignments to the entire class until the arguments stop occurring D.Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others

D.Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others

A first-grade teacher notices many students in the class have difficulty focusing and behaving, especially in the afternoon. Which of the following is the best way to address the situation? A.Reprimanding verbally students engaged in unwanted behaviors B.Giving tangible rewards to students showing desired behaviors C.Taking away privileges such as recess from students who misbehave D.Providing short movement breaks between instructional blocks

D.Providing short movement breaks between instructional blocks

Which of the following activities would best help 3 year olds develop a respect for differences among people in the classroom? A.Watching a video about community groups showing compassion B.Taking a field trip to a local business to see different job responsibilities C.Writing a story about a time that they couldn't do something D.Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives

D.Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives

Mary wants to invite a friend over to play. She knows her mother will grant permission for the friend to come over only after Mary finishes her chores. Mary completes her chores and then asks if she can have her friend come over. Which of the following concepts is best described in the scenario? A.Supply and demand B.Conflict resolution C.Risk management D.Self-regulation

D.Self-regulation

The most direct path between one location and another on a globe is always along A.one of the tropics B.the equator C.the prime meridian D.a great circle

D.a great circle

A preschool teacher of 2-year-old children provides them with opportunities to sing songs that contain repeated rhymes and word patterns. The activity will best help students by A.providing them with multiple exposures to new words B.reinforcing words they already know C.expanding their vocabulary through context clues D.developing their phonemic awareness

D.developing their phonemic awareness

On the number line, the point with coordinate 1/2 is the greatest distance from the point with which of the following coordinates? A. 3/2 B. 0 C. 1 D.−3/2

D.−3/2

It can be used to determine how many more there are in one set than in another.

Subtraction

As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a third-grade teacher writes the following definition on the board:a major organ system that breaks down foods into nutrientsThe teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students is most correct? A. LaToya, who wrote digestive B. Ronnie, who wrote stomach C. Gail, who wrote esophagus D. Mark, who wrote respiratory

A. LaToya, who wrote digestive

Mrs. Gonzalez teaches toddlers in the classroom next to Mrs. Fox. Mrs. Fox can frequently hear Mrs. Gonzalez narrating her own actions: for example, "Now I am washing my hands before I prepare snack" and "I must put on my coat before I go outside." Which of the following explains why Mrs. Gonzalez is likely doing this? A. She is exposing her students to oral language and new vocabulary. B. She wants to serve as a good role model for her students. C. She is helping her students see the moral in all that they do. D. Her students only listen when she speaks at a very high volume.

A. She is exposing her students to oral language and new vocabulary.

A second-grade teacher is teaching her students about habitats. Which of the following is the most appropriate assessment for these students? A. The students work collaboratively to build a habitat and then present it to the class. B. The students write an essay about each type of habitat. C. The students complete a cut and paste sort by putting the animal into the right habitat. D. The students are each assigned an animal and a group; then they write about the animal.

A. The students work collaboratively to build a habitat and then present it to the class.

A kindergarten teacher sets up a science center with many different types of buttons. The students must create categories and sort the buttons.Which of the following skills is the teacher trying to develop in students through the center? A. The teacher wants the students to sort objects based on physical properties. B. The teacher wants the students to sort objects based on chemical properties. C. The teacher wants the students to use their counting skills. D. The teacher wants the students to use their knowledge of basic shapes.

A. The teacher wants the students to sort objects based on physical properties.

Mr. Fox, a third-grade public school teacher, wants to give his students an example of how they are both unified and diverse. Which example is most appropriate? A. They all have diverse backgrounds, but they are unified in their identity as members of Mr. Fox's class. B. They are of different races and ethnicities but share a common set of religious beliefs. C. They are all either boys or girls, but all are US citizens. D. They have some needs that are different, such as needing glasses or not, and some needs that are the same, such as needing extra help in math.

A. They all have diverse backgrounds, but they are unified in their identity as members of Mr. Fox's class.

Ms. Attah wants to integrate some math skills into a third-grade social studies lesson on charts. Which question will best accomplish this goal? A. What is the difference between the populations of the two cities with the highest and lowest population? B. Why are the columns and rows on each part of the chart labeled in a different color? C. After calculating the mean population of all the cities on the chart, is this country at risk of overpopulation? D. What information (columns or rows) could be added to the chart to give additional information about each city?

A. What is the difference between the populations of the two cities with the highest and lowest population?

Which of the following is an example of an object gaining potential energy? A. a rubber band being stretched B. a bike going down the hill C. water falling over a waterfall D. an arrow being released from a bow

A. a rubber band being stretched

A school playground contains a large grassy area where students often enjoy showing off various new skills. Which new skill is a kindergarten teacher most likely to see students showing off? A. a somersault B. a backflip C. sitting with legs crossed D. clapping

A. a somersault

A teacher has a first-grade class full of students of varying literacy skills and levels of English proficiency. She wants to make use of a new digital storytelling software program purchased by the school, but she has concerns that not all of her students will find it easy to type words and use illustrations in their stories. How can she differentiate instruction so that all of her students can participate in this activity? A. encourage students to add words to their stories as they see fit but do not make this a requirement B. give students the first two words of each sentence she expects them to write C. let some students create a fiction story and have others create a nonfiction story D. have some students use the software and have others write and draw their stories on paper

A. encourage students to add words to their stories as they see fit but do not make this a requirement

Which of the following is an activity that will help students develop their procedural knowledge of writing? A. handwriting practice B. drawing or scribbling to communicate an idea C. writing a letter to a friend to tell about a vacation experience D. reading a story aloud

A. handwriting practice

Ms. Howe teaches third graders in Michigan. She wants to help her students understand the way in which bodies of water impact the state. She wants to prepare a short presentation to show students pictures to this effect. Which images would she most likely include? A. pictures of barges carrying goods between the United States and Canada across Lake Huron B. infographics showing the key industries of the Great Lakes region C. pictures of Detroit autoworkers at a union meeting D. maps that show the many small rivers and streams located throughout the state

A. pictures of barges carrying goods between the United States and Canada across Lake Huron

Miss Wyatt's second-grade class is completing word problems that ask for students to "round the answer to the nearest tens place." She notices that most students have the correct answer until they get to the final step of rounding and sees that they are rounding the number to the nearest ones or hundreds place. Which underlying concept does Miss Wyatt need to reteach? A. place value B. addition and subtraction C. whole numbers D. composing numbers

A. place value

Jenine is a second-grade student targeted for extra reading practice. One day, the teacher listens to her read a paragraph out loud and notices that Jenine is reading very slowly. Which of the following parts of fluency does Jenine need help with? A. rate B. prosody C. accuracy D. phonemes

A. rate

A third-grade math teacher gives each group of students several shapes with various attributes. He asks students to create three groups of shapes based on shared attributes. In addition to classifying shapes, what other skill are students demonstrating? A. sorting B. cardinality C. patterning D. sequencing

A. sorting

A two-year-old toddler helps his mother make two piles of clothes based on whether they are shirts or pants. Which of the following math skills is the toddler learning? A. sorting B. pattern matching C. counting D. one-to-one correspondence

A. sorting

Mark, a third grader, is having difficulty identifying the main idea of texts he reads. Mrs. Martinez wants to give him extra practice with this skill when he completes his weekly oral reading assessment. Which of the following is the best way for Mrs. Martinez to incorporate the identification of the main idea into Mark's weekly oral fluency assessment? A. stopping him after he reads each paragraph and asking, "What was that paragraph about?" B. assigning him longer passages to read so that he can practice with more advanced texts C. having Mark read only nonfiction texts since the main idea is easier to identify D. giving Mark passages with varying themes so that he has more exposure to different genres

A. stopping him after he reads each paragraph and asking, "What was that paragraph about?"

Which of the following activities will be most effective in introducing first graders to the concept of the water cycle? A. teaching the students a song with motions about the water cycle B. showing students a movie that explains the water cycle C. asking students to copy the drawing of the water cycle that the teacher made D. having the students write down the key vocabulary and definitions

A. teaching the students a song with motions about the water cycle

Mr. Jameson asked the following question: What is the value of the digit 9 In the number 398,563? Which of the following students answered the question correctly? A. Andrew: 9,000 B. Sidney: 90,000 C. Elia: 90 D. Sun: 9

B. Sidney: 90,000

Mrs. Collins planned an activity for her prekindergarten students about polar bears. The students were given a plastic bag that was filled with vegetable shortening. They put their hand inside the bag to cover it with the fat coating and then placed the covered hand inside a bucket filled with ice. Which of the following understandings is the teacher trying to develop in students through this activity? A. Animals must quickly adapt to their surroundings. B. Structural adaptations help animals survive in extreme habitats. C. Structural adaptions are more important than behavioral adaptions in extreme habitats. D. All animals must have several layers of blubber to stay warm.

B. Structural adaptations help animals survive in extreme habitats.

Mr. Harrison wants his third-grade class to practice writing a problem-solution piece in the second person. Which of the following assignments would best meet his goal? A. a drama that groups of students write collaboratively B. a letter that each student writes to the principal proposing a solution to a school-wide problem C. a letter that each student writes to his or her parents thanking them for being good parents D. an essay that explains and solves an environmental problem

B. a letter that each student writes to the principal proposing a solution to a school-wide problem

Which of the following is an example of pretend reading? A. a student decoding a simple sentence with simple CVC words B. a student reading a picture book by telling the story based on the picture cues C. a student reading a passage orally with limited expression D. a student checking out a book from the library but never looking at it

B. a student reading a picture book by telling the story based on the picture cues

Which of the following activities would be appropriate when introducing the idea of a summary to a first-grade class? A. having students write a summary for each paragraph in their social studies textbook B. asking the class to brainstorm several phrases and ideas that describe the story overall C. identifying the point of view of each story they have read and keeping this information in a journal or notebook D. asking the students several questions orally about each character's motivation

B. asking the class to brainstorm several phrases and ideas that describe the story overall

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? A. butter melting B. baking cookies C. a pencil breaking D. ice melting

B. baking cookies

Mrs. Harris has a class of three-year-old preschool students. She gives them the following direction: "Create a drawing about how you are feeling today." Which of the following types of writing knowledge is she developing in her students? A. procedural knowledge B. conceptual knowledge C. the alphabetic principle D. phonemic awareness

B. conceptual knowledge

Ms. Briggs, a kindergarten teacher, notices that Mark's favorite center during free choice time is the cooking/home play center. One afternoon, Susie begins to make fun of Mark for playing with "girl toys." How might Ms. Briggs handle this situation? A. providing swift and immediate punitive consequences to Susie by removing her from the classroom B. explaining to Susie that there are no "girl toys" or "boy toys," only "toys," and that all students are welcome to play with any of the classroom toys C. talking with Susie about how modern women must challenge traditional gender role stereotypes such as gendered toys and a woman's role as cook for the household D. encouraging Mark to play with some of the more gender-neutral toys

B. explaining to Susie that there are no "girl toys" or "boy toys," only "toys," and that all students are welcome to play with any of the classroom toys

After exploring the properties of cubes, Ms. Goldstein asks her students to suggest a method for finding the surface area. Which of the following answers demonstrates an understanding of both the properties of cubes and the concept of surface area? A. multiply the length by the height of one of its faces B. find the area of one face and multiply by 6, since a cube has six square faces C. measure the amount of space occupied inside it D. find the area of the faces that are visible when the cube is resting on a table

B. find the area of one face and multiply by 6, since a cube has six square faces

A kindergarten teacher is helping her students build fine motor skills as well as increased understanding of two-dimensional shapes. She gives students a worksheet with dots at six vertices and directs students to connect these dots. What shape have the students made? A. parallelogram B. hexagon C. rectangle D. trapezoid

B. hexagon

How might a teacher publish the pictures and emergent writing created by her preschool students in such a way that shows growth over the course of the year? A. posting it on the classroom bulletin board B. keeping it in a portfolio that is shared with parents C. having students go back and revise their letter strings D. videotaping student performances at the dramatic play center

B. keeping it in a portfolio that is shared with parents

Which of the following is an example of a constructivist approach to student discipline? A. a system of rewards B. natural consequences for actions C. a clear set of school-wide punishments D. ignoring most negative behaviors

B. natural consequences for actions

A teacher wants to incorporate music in different international styles into her preschool classroom. She wants to integrate this social studies curricular element into her existing gross motor skills activities. Which choice would best accomplish this goal? A. playing German techno music leading up to and preparing students for nap/quiet time B. playing traditional Indian music during outdoor time and guiding students to movements to "get their wiggles out" C. having the music teacher bring in various instruments from around the world and show these to students D. having multiple CDs representing music across many cultures and asking students to pick a CD to play each day during learning center rotations

B. playing traditional Indian music during outdoor time and guiding students to movements to "get their wiggles out"

Mrs. Hawkins's second-grade class is working on a project to determine how many students have pets at home versus those who do not. What would be the best way for her class to represent the data? A. percentage B. ratio C. fraction D. stem-and-leaf plot

B. ratio

Mr. Boyd is leading a discussion on the difference between the small rural community in which his school is located and the closest urban area, Omaha. He wants his first-grade students to understand that there are differences between these two types of communities. Which activity would be most appropriate? A. asking students to independently list all the resources not available in their town that they must get from the city B. showing students pictures of silos, farm land, large office buildings, and rush-hour traffic and asking them to identify if they are associated more with urban or rural areas C. preparing and showing a multimedia presentation that compares and contrasts the major industries, imports, and exports of the town with those of Omaha D. having students write a compare-and-contrast essay about the differences between their town and Omaha, paying particular attention to the things they like about each place

B. showing students pictures of silos, farm land, large office buildings, and rush-hour traffic and asking them to identify if they are associated more with urban or rural areas

Which of the following concepts should be taught alongside phonics to ensure that students will be able to read quickly and fluently? A. print awareness B. sight word recognition C. stroke order D. spelling

B. sight word recognition

A second-grade class has just finished reading a short story. The teacher wants his students to compare the short story to a different interpretation of the same story. Which of the following activities would best meet his goal? A. reading the story again but in a different accent B. taking students to see a stage play based on the story C. having students read critical interpretations of the story D. having students compare the story to a passage in their science textbook

B. taking students to see a stage play based on the story

A preschool teacher is planning activities to introduce her students to sorting. Which of the following objects would NOT be appropriate for her to use? A. colored buttons B. tennis balls C. clothes from the dryer D. a deck of regular playing cards

B. tennis balls

Ms. Rochester is taking her first-grade class on a field trip to the art museum. Before the trip, she goes over basic etiquette such as not touching the paintings and listening when the tour guide speaks. Why is Ms. Rochester doing this? A. to make sure the students remember everything they see and hear at the museum B. to help her students exhibit the norms of social behavior in this unfamiliar setting C. to help her students develop the skills they will need to work in the arts D. to get students to understand that behavioral norms vary from culture to culture

B. to help her students exhibit the norms of social behavior in this unfamiliar setting

A first-grade teacher wants to help her students develop strategies to solve subtraction word problems using visual representations. Which strategy would be most appropriate? A. decomposing numbers B. using a number line C. drawing an array D. using fact families

B. using a number line

A teacher is working on a unit on forming the past tense of verbs with his second-grade class. Which of the following would be the most appropriate writing assignment to ensure sufficient practice with this skill? A. writing a paragraph that compares and contrasts cars and trucks B. writing a paragraph about what they did over the winter break C. writing a description of their living room D. writing a persuasive paragraph about their favorite color

B. writing a paragraph about what they did over the winter break

A prekindergarten teacher is teaching her students about the four seasons. Which of the following is the most appropriate activity? A. The students do a sort. There are vocabulary words that relate to each season; they must put the words under the correct season. B. The students write about their favorite season and why it is their favorite season. C. The students have a piece of paper that is divided into four parts. Each square has a picture of a tree. The students draw what the tree looks like in each season. D. The students are asked to describe how clothing varies across different cultures.

C. The students have a piece of paper that is divided into four parts. Each square has a picture of a tree. The students draw what the tree looks like in each season.

Which of the following is an example of expository writing? A. a poem about a family of birds B. a short story set in the nineteenth century C. a brochure on a language and literacy conference D. a teen fantasy novel

C. a brochure on a language and literacy conference

Which of the following instruments measures wind speed? A. a thermometer B. a wind vane C. an anemometer D. a rain gauge

C. an anemometer

Mohamed, a second grader, is completing his weekly oral reading with his teacher when she realizes that although he is reading very quickly, he is skipping over or incorrectly reading many of the words. She decides to model oral reading for him and then have him try the passage again. How might she model the passage for Mohamed? A. at a faster rate than he was reading B. with great expression to encourage him to read with more prosody C. at a slower rate than he was reading D. in a rhythmical pattern so that he can appreciate the meter of the piece

C. at a slower rate than he was reading

Which of the following is the subordinate conjunction in the sentence below?I lined the drawer carefully with paper before I placed the valuable book inside. A. carefully B. with C. before D. inside

C. before

A kindergarten student is working at a math center where he must write the number 6 and then glue six objects onto the page. What skill is he demonstrating? A. subitizing B. use of manipulatives C. cardinality D. patterning

C. cardinality

A first-grade teacher wants to set up a math center to help his students meet the objective of subitizing quantities up to ten. Which learning material would be the best for him to include in this center? A. an abacus B. multiplication tiles C. dot pattern flash cards D. addition fact flash cards

C. dot pattern flash cards

Mr. Roberts has a prekindergarten class of students who have just turned four. He wants to make sure his students have ample opportunity for writing practice to prepare for next year, but he also wants to ensure his strategies are developmentally appropriate. Which of the following strategies should he choose? A. giving students a letter-writing practice workbook and insisting that ten pages must be completed each day B. conducting guided read-alouds where he asks students probing questions about stories he reads to them C. encouraging students to use writing in their daily center time, such as using a notepad to take an order when pretending to be a waiter during dramatic play D. insisting that students spend more time at the art center than any other center during free-choice center time

C. encouraging students to use writing in their daily center time, such as using a notepad to take an order when pretending to be a waiter during dramatic play

Mrs. Spellman has asked that her third-grade class begin to focus their research topics into three questions to explore. Aisha, who has selected dance as her topic, is having a hard time coming up with three questions. Which of the following is the best way for Mrs. Spellman to help Aisha develop three questions to research? A. ask Aisha when she started dancing and why she likes it so much B. direct Aisha to change her topic if she cannot find three questions C. have Aisha list what types of dance she might want to know more about D. instruct Aisha to create a word web of the terms she associates with dance

C. have Aisha list what types of dance she might want to know more about

Which of the following words contains a digraph? A. sap B. cat C. hay D. go

C. hay

Which choice describes a tropical climate? A. cold and dry year-round B. cold winters and mild summers C. hot and wet year-round D. cold year-round

C. hot and wet year-round

A first-grade teacher wants to empower his class in decision-making. What classroom decision would be most appropriate for him to allow students to determine through discussion and compromise? A. how much time to spend on math each day or whether to do math only three days of the week B. how conduct grades should be determined and communicated to parents C. how to make sure that all art supplies are put away each day after art D. how to best administer and grade spelling tests

C. how to make sure that all art supplies are put away each day after art

A prekindergarten teacher is planning a unit of instruction on letter sounds. Which of the following describes the order in which the letter sounds should be introduced to students? A. introduce the most challenging sounds first B. introduce the sounds that make up the child's name first C. introduce the sounds that have the greatest frequency first D. introduce one sound per month until they are all mastered

C. introduce the sounds that have the greatest frequency first

Which of the following steps is necessary for students to learn in a lesson on adding fractions? A. make the numerators of both fractions the same B. make both fractions equivalent C. make the denominators of both fractions the same D. make each fraction a unit fraction

C. make the denominators of both fractions the same

Which of the following science topics is developmentally appropriate for preschool students? A. density B. DNA C. plants and animals D. magnets

C. plants and animals

A second-grade teacher in a public school wants to promote tolerance for different religions. What activity best meets this goal? A. pointing out all the different religious backgrounds of students in the class B. organizing a food drive to help a local Christian church C. reading an age-appropriate book about different religions to the class D. having students research a religion they might be interested in joining

C. reading an age-appropriate book about different religions to the class

Mrs. Rodriguez asks her students to draw a line of symmetry through a circle. How many correct answers are possible? A. zero B. one C. two D. more than two

D. more than two

A second-grade teacher in upstate New York is reading a short story designed for children that is set in mid-nineteenth-century Georgia. Which of the following should be discussed with students to help them better understand the story? A. the way the short story switches between different registers B. the content-specific words students may be unfamiliar with C. the dialogue from characters who speak in a different dialect D. the reasons people in the nineteenth century did not speak properly

C. the dialogue from characters who speak in a different dialect

Which of the following is the first oral presentation many students give during their school career? A. the first oral report a teacher assigns B. the first time a teacher asks a new student to get up and introduce herself C. their first experience with show and tell D. a monologue they read

C. their first experience with show and tell

Which of the following is a non-decodable word? A. bread B. fly C. what D. plan

C. what

What step must first be taken to solve the following problem?<, >, or = A. The second fraction should be written as the reciprocal. B. Both fractions should be compared to a unit fraction. C. A common numerator must be calculated. D. A common denominator must be calculated.

D. A common denominator must be calculated.

Mr. Costas asked his students to decompose the number 27,358. Which of the following students decomposed the number properly? A. Carly: 20,000 + 73 + 58 B. Jamey: 2,000 + 700 + 30 + 58 C. Taylor: 2 + 7 + 3 + 5 + 8 D. Andre: 20,000 + 7,000 + 300 + 50 + 8

D. Andre: 20,000 + 7,000 + 300 + 50 + 8

Which of the following types of texts would most likely use figurative language? A. a compare and contrast expository essay B. a problem-solution article about smog C. a chapter in a history textbook about Che Guevara D. a long narrative poem about a famous Greek hero

D. a long narrative poem about a famous Greek hero

Which of the following describes quantitative text measurements? A. the frequency with which certain words are used B. the overall structure of the text and how it is organized C. the layout of the text, including graphics, font, spacing, and so on D. any quantifiable criteria for which a number can be calculated

D. any quantifiable criteria for which a number can be calculated

Mr. Rios wants his students to think critically about mean, median, mode, and range, so he presents them with the following problem:Kelly took three quizzes. She scored 80 on quiz 1, 90 on quiz 2, and 82 on quiz 3. Her final midterm grade was 84.If they understand the definitions of each term correctly, Mr. Rios's students should be able to determine that Kelly's midterm score is based on which of the following? A. mode B. median C. range D. average

D. average

Which of the following spelling words shows proficiency with a CVC pattern? A. dark B. foxes C. biggest D. big

D. big

A teacher draws an array on the board and asks students to think of examples of arrays from their own lives. Which of the following student responses does NOT show a correct understanding of arrays? A. students in a marching band B. cookies on a baking tray C. seats in a concert D. children playing in a park

D. children playing in a park

Mrs. Perez is teaching her first-grade class about meter in poetry. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to help her students understand this concept? A. independently label each line of the poem with an A, B, C, or so on to indicate the rhyming pattern B. read in a different voice for each character in the poem C. copy each line of the poem multiple times until they pick up its meter D. clap to the beat of a poem that she reads aloud

D. clap to the beat of a poem that she reads aloud

A kindergarten teacher sets up a science center with an activity that asks students to sort objects into magnetic and nonmagnetic piles. Which of the following is the teacher trying to develop in students through the science center? A. vocabulary B. exploration C. observation D. classification

D. classification

A prekindergarten student is given a pile of small objects and asked to complete the following task: "Make two piles of objects that are the same." The student is then asked: "Why did you put these objects together in one pile and those objects together in another pile?" What concept is the student being asked to demonstrate? A. one-to-one correspondence B. cardinality C. patterning D. classifying and sorting

D. classifying and sorting

A third-grade teacher wants to assign her students a project to teach the class about how they are interdependent upon other countries for many goods. Which project would be most appropriate? A. having students compile a list of all their parents' employers and organize the data into a table B. asking students to interview the school principal about the role of diversity in the school faculty C. encouraging students to begin making their own clothing and growing their own food D. having students look for "Made in___" labels on various items of their clothing and on items in the school/classroom

D. having students look for "Made in___" labels on various items of their clothing and on items in the school/classroom

Which of the following activities offers students practice with subitizing? A. skip counting by twos, threes, and fives B. identifying a variety of geometric patterns C. working a set of thirty basic addition problems D. identifying the number of dots on a die without counting

D. identifying the number of dots on a die without counting

Which term describes a whole number and a fractional part? A. improper fraction B. equivalent fraction C. benchmark fraction D. mixed number

D. mixed number

Mrs. Jett notices that her third-grade student Jo often leaves out the articles a, an, and the from her writing. A conference with Jo's parents recently revealed that this could be because her native language does not use articles. Which of the following revision strategies might be helpful for Jo? A. reading her work aloud B. pairing her with another English language learner for peer review C. having her memorize a list of prepositions D. pairing her with a native English speaking partner for peer review

D. pairing her with a native English speaking partner for peer review

The first week of school, a kindergarten student named Mary has very few basic skills. She cannot hold a pencil, does not understand directions, and seems to have had no previous schooling. She does not seem able to use many of the learning materials in the classroom, including the books in the literacy center. Mary's instruction should start with which of the following concepts? A. phonological awareness B. the alphabetic principle C. decoding D. print awareness

D. print awareness

A complex sentence must contain which of the following? A. comma B. coordinating conjunction C. determiner D. subordinate conjunction

D. subordinate conjunction

Howard is a first-grade student in Mrs. Hong's class. Howard is significantly behind many of the other students in his literacy skills, and he never wants to take a book from the library when the class visits. As a result he has trouble completing his weekly reading log. During a conference with Howard's parents, Mrs. Hong learns that he enjoys graphic novels or what they call "comic books." Which of the following might Mrs. Hong suggest to Howard and his parents? A. that they throw out these graphic novels as they have no educational value B. that they stop encouraging Howard to read these graphic novels and start encouraging him to read only grade-level books without pictures C. that he write his own dialogue for these graphic novels D. that he use these graphic novels to complete some of his reading log, balancing it with other more word-rich texts

D. that he use these graphic novels to complete some of his reading log, balancing it with other more word-rich texts

Ms. Chen has a class of three- and four-year-old prekindergarten students. She ensures that each student throws his or her plastic lunch plate and cup away after lunch is over. What is Ms. Chen teaching her class? A. global citizenship B. self-regulation C. conflict resolution D. the norms of social behavior

D. the norms of social behavior

A kindergarten teacher has set up a fun activity in which the class hides an object in the classroom, and a student is challenged to find it. The class gives the "seeking" student directions such as "left," "right," "forward," "backward," "above," and so on. What skills is the teacher helping the students develop? A. reading and using a compass rose B. understanding chronological order C. reading and using a map D. using directional terms

D. using directional terms