Prep u - Ch. 6 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy, Prep u - #2 - Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy, prep u - Taylor - Trans to RN Chapter 6
To practice ethically, the nurse should:
avoid allowing her judgment to guide practice
11. Which of the following words is most closely associated with the term "ethics"?
ANS: D D) Conduct
22. Two children need a kidney transplant. One is the child of a famous sports figure, whereas the other child comes from a low-income family. What ethically relevant consideration is important to the nurse as an advocate for these patients?
ANS: D D) cost-effectiveness and allocation
A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which indicates that the nurse knows the purpose of an ethics committee?
Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests
A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which action should the nurse expect to take as a member of the ethics committee?
Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.
A nurse is involved in ethical decision making. Place the steps in the order that the nurse would follow to achieve an ethical decision.
Describe the situation and factors associated with the ethical problem. Clarify that the issue is ethical in nature. Identify options and explore short- and long-term consequences. Make the decision. Determine the effectiveness of the decision and implications for the future.
Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy?
Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed
A nursing student is studying the principle of autonomy. Which example most accurately depicts this principle?
describing surgery to a client before the consent is signed
A nurse shows client advocacy by:
offering a hospice consultation to a client who is terminally ill.
A nursing student reports to the instructor that a medication due at 9 am was omitted. Which principle is the student demonstrating?
Integrity
It is time for a nurse to renew licensure. The nurse says, "I need some really easy and quick continuing education hours. I don't understand why we have to do these every year." What is the nurse's coworker's best response?
"Life-long learning is part of the code for nurses."
A nurse's friend states, "I admire you so much. I would love to be a nurse, but I don't think I have the courage." Which response will the nurse make?
"You can work on being more courageous as you learn to be a nurse."
3. What is one negative aspect for children of learning values through the moralizing mode of transmission?
ANS: D D) not much opportunity to weigh values
7. Values theorists describe the process of valuing as focusing on three main activities. What is the first activity in the valuing process?
ANS: A A) Choosing
17. A nurse provides patient care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice?
ANS: A A) Code of Ethics
2. Mrs. Jones always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her 6-year-old daughter echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission?
ANS: A A) Modeling
16. A nurse using the principle-based approach to patient care seeks to avoid causing harm to patients in all situations. This principle is known as:
ANS: A A) Nonmaleficence
8. Which of the following illustrates the activity of acting in values clarification?
ANS: A A) respecting the human dignity of all patients
A client is scheduled to have an elective surgical procedure performed but cannot decide whether to go forward with the procedure or cancel it. The client asks the nurse to help make the decision because the client lacks knowledge about the procedure. Which action by the nurse is the best way for this nurse to advocate for the client?
Allow the client to verbalize feelings, and provide information to help the client assess options.
Which example best describes feminist ethics?
An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society
A client age 46 years has been diagnosed with cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. This client is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision?
Autonomy
A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision?
Autonomy
A parent teaches his or her children not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action causes
Failure to reflect own values
Which theory of ethics prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing?
Care-based ethics
Which nursing situation is an example of an ethical dilemma?
Deciding whether to perform cardiac compressions against a client's wishes
A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to enact?
Justice
A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return with the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics?
Fidelity
A nurse is providing care to a client and is preparing the client for breakfast. The nurse assists the client out of bed to the chair and then helps the client open the items on the breakfast tray. The client begins to eat breakfast. The nurse tells the client, "I'll be back in about 10 minutes to check on you. In the meantime, here is your call light in case you need me." About 10 minutes later, the nurse returns to check on the client. The nurse is demonstrating which ethical principle?
Fidelity
In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value?
Integrity
The nurse is managing the care for a postoperative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy?
Limiting visitors due to client complaining of pain
Which actions by the nurse demonstrate the ethical principle of fidelity? Select all that apply.
Maintaining current nursing registration and meeting continuing education requirements Performing an intervention for a client at the time that was promised Taking an extra client assignment so that the client will be cared for
A nurse gives the 400 IU of a vitamin supplement that was in the client's medications instead of the 200 IU that was prescribed. The dosage was given when the unit was busy admitting three clients and another client was in crisis. Which action(s) by the nurse demonstrate the professional value of integrity? Select all that apply.
The nurse completes a variance or incident report. The nurse documents the dose given.
A nurse working in a critical care unit has experienced personal tragedy, extreme shortage of staff in the work environment, and health issues. The nurse has overcome much of these hardships and is now mentoring other nurses in similar situations. What behavior is this nurse demonstrating?
Moral resilience
A nurse knows that the expression "Do not cause harm" refers to which ethical principle?
Nonmaleficence
A nurse knows the ethical term "Do not cause harm" is an example of
Nonmaleficence
A nurse who is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accidentally gets a cut while debriding a wound, exposing the client to possible HIV infection. Failure of the nurse to report this incident violates which ethical principles? Select all that apply.
Nonmaleficence Veracity Fidelity
Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of human dignity? Select all that apply.
The nurse includes the client in developing the plan of care A nurse provides privacy for an older adult client. A nurse plans individualized nursing care for her clients. A nurse refuses to discuss a client with a curious friend
Which is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics?
The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people
Which traits are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply.
Trustworthiness Humility Compassion
Which traits are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply.
Trustworthiness Humility Compassion
An employee health nurse is assisting a stressed, working mother with value clarification. Which of the following best defines value clarification?
a process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems
A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that she did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. The client is no longer able to express her wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve:
ethical distress.
A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which statement demonstrates the principle of accountability?
filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider
A nurse is asked to serve on an ethics committee. Which roles of the nurse would the nurse be required to fill on the committee? Select all that apply.
serving as a liaison between the family and the committee members presenting explanations about technical terminology advocating for the client's wishes
What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:
stays with a client during death as promised.
What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:
stays with the client during his death as promised.
12. Which of the following statements accurately describe a characteristic of ethics? Select all that apply.
ANS: A - C - D - E - F A) The ability to be ethical begins in young adulthood. C) Ethics usually refers to personal or communal standards of right and wrong. D) It is important to distinguish ethics from religion, law, custom, and institutional practices. E) Values are intimately related to, and direct, ethical conduct. F) Ethics is a systematic inquiry into principles of right and wrong conduct.
Which word is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights?
Advocacy
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. Which nursing actions demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude? Select all that apply.
Notifying the client before leaving for lunch Offering snacks and beverages to visiting family Explaining all nursing procedures clearly Listening to the client tell stories about past experience.
A nursing faculty member is discussing laissez-faire values with students. Which scenario is an example of those values?
Parents allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted
A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing her judgments based on her expertise. Which type of health care decision making does this represent?
Shared decision making
A nurse is providing care to an older adult client who was just diagnosed with cancer. The client together with the immediate family discuss their preferences with the health care providers involved. The health care providers offer their clinical recommendations about possible treatments. Utlimately, the group arrives at a decision. The nurse interprets this decision-making process as reflecting which type?
Shared
An adolescence is in the process of value formation. What does the nurse determine that will be the greatest influence in the child's formation of values in this developmental stage?
peers.
A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. He is considered to have:
personal values.
21. A nurse who forgets to give a patient her medication throws away the medicine and documents that it was dispensed on the patient chart. The nurse then becomes uneasy about her action and vows never to falsify a record again. This is an example of which of the following?
ANS: C C) ethical residue
10. A middle-aged man is having increasing difficulty breathing. He never exercises, eats fast food regularly, and smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. He tells the nurse practitioner that he wants to change the way he lives. What is one means of helping him change behaviors?
ANS: D D) values clarification
Which statement by the nurse is an example of deception?
"This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch."
27. A patient, unsure of the need for surgery, asks the nurse, "What should I do?" What answer by the nurse is based on advocacy?
ANS: C C) "Tell me more about what makes you think you don't want surgery."
1. Which of the following phrases best describes a value?
ANS: C C) a belief about the worth of something to guide behavior
20. A patient nearing the end of life requests that he be given no food or fluids. The physician orders the insertion of a nasogastric tube to feed the patient. What situation does this create for the nurse providing care?
ANS: C C) an ethical dilemma about inconsistent courses of action
4. Which of the following modes of value transmission is most likely to lead to confusion and conflict?
ANS: C C) laissez-faire
5. A nurse in a women's health clinic values abstinence as the best method of birth control. However, she offers compassionate care to unmarried pregnant adolescents. What is the nurse demonstrating?
ANS: C C) nonjudgmental "value neutral" care
15. Which component of nursing care is central to the care-based approach to bioethics?
ANS: C C) nurse-patient relationship
19. What document was developed to improve workplaces and ensure nurses' ability to provide safe, quality patient care?
ANS: D D) Bill of Rights for Registered Nurses
25. A nurse is concerned about the practice of routinely ordering a battery of laboratory tests for patients who are admitted to the hospital from a long-term care facility. An appropriate source in handling this ethical dilemma would be which of the following?
ANS: D D) the institutional ethics committee
Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics?
the promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people
13. Which branch of bioethics is most concerned with ethical problems that arise within the context of caring for patients wherever they are found?
ANS: B B) clinical ethics
23. Which of the following is an example of paternalistic behavior?
ANS: B B) intercepting a visitor's gift of candy to a patient with diabetes
18. Which of the following are ANA standards of clinical nursing practice? Select all that apply.
ANS: B - D - F B) The nurse maintains patient confidentiality within legal and regulatory parameters. D) The nurse delivers care in a nonjudgmental manner that is sensitive to patient diversity F) The nurse seeks available resources to help formulate ethical decisions and use them in practice.
A nurse is providing care to a client with end-stage cancer. After weighing the alternatives, the client decides not to participate in a clinical trial offered and is requesting no further treatment. The nurse advocates for the client's decision based on the understanding that the client has the right to self-determination, interpreting the client's decision as reflecting which ethical principle?
Autonomy
A parent of a 17-year-old high school student is allowing the child to make the decision on the college that will be attended. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by stating, "You will need to make this decision on your own." What type of value transmission is the parent displaying?
Laissez-faire
A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which ethical principle?
Paternalism
Which nursing situation is an example of an ethical dilemma?
Performing cardiac compressions when a signed Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR) is not available
A nurse believes that abortion is an acceptable option if a pregnancy results from a situation of rape. What is the best description of this belief?
Personal morality
A nurse is having lunch in the break room and overhears the other nurses talking about a difficult client in an inappropriate way. The nurses attempt to engage her in the conversation. Which response by the nurse would best represent behavior that supports the value of human dignity in nursing practice?
Saying that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that the nurse does not want to be a part of it
Which statements indicate a correct understanding of the tenets of the Code of Ethics for Nurses? Select all that apply.
The nurse maintains standards of personal conduct. The nurse is active in developing a core of research-based principles. The nurse holds personal information as confidential.
Nurses who value client advocacy follow what guideline?
They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.
What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters?
Values
A nurse has completed four hours of his eight-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when he receives a phone call from the nursing supervisor. The nursing supervisor informs him that he needs to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that he has been busy with his client assignment and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem?
Allocation of scarce nursing resources
24. A student nurse is working in the library on her plan of care for a clinical assignment. The patient's name is written at the top of her plan. What ethical responsibility is the student violating?
ANS: A A) confidentiality
6. Which of the following are examples of a nurse demonstrating the professional value of altruism? Select all that apply.
ANS: A - B A) The nurse arranges for an interpreter for a patient whose primary language is Spanish. B) The nurse calls the physician of a patient whose pain medication is not strong enough.
14. Which of the following best describes the utilitarian theory of ethics?
ANS: B B) The consequences of an action determine if it is right or wrong.
26. A patient tells the nurse that he does not want to have a painful procedure. By respecting and supporting the patient's right to make decisions, what is the nurse demonstrating?
ANS: B B) advocacy
9. While at lunch, a nurse heard other nurses at a nearby table talking about a patient they did not like. When they asked him what he thought, he politely refused to join in the conversation. What value was the nurse demonstrating?
ANS: B B) basic respect for human dignity
A nurse has completed 4 hours of an 8-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when the nursing supervisor calls. The nursing supervisor directs the nurse to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that the nurse has been busy with client assignments and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem?
Allocation of scarce nursing resources
Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions?
Evaluating
A nurse is providing care to a client and is preparing the client for breakfast. The nurse assists the client out of bed to the chair then helps the client open the items on the breakfast tray. The client begins to eat breakfast. The nurse tells the client, "I'll be back in about 10 minutes to check on you. In the meantime, here is your call light in case you need me." About 10 minutes later, the nurse returns to check on the client. The nurse is demonstrating which ethical principle?
FIdelity
A nurse is providing care to an older adult client who was just diagnosed with cancer. The client together with the immediate family discuss their preferences with the health care providers involved. The health care providers offer their clinical recommendations about possible treatments. Utlimately, the group arrives at a decision. The nurse interprets this decision-making process as reflecting which type?
Shared-decision making
The principle of autonomy by a client is applied in which situation?
The client has decided to stop chemotherapy treatments.
When providing nursing care to clients, the nurse is required to adhere to ethical values and legal rules to guide practice behavior. Which values would be included? Select all that apply.
Veracity Fidelity Privacy Confidentiality
A client tells the nurse that he does not want to have a painful procedure. By respecting and supporting the client's right to make decisions, the nurse is demonstrating:
advocacy.
A client tells the nurse that the client does not want to have a painful procedure. By respecting and supporting the client's right to make decisions, the nurse is demonstrating:
advocacy.
An illegal immigrant with no health insurance sustained life-threatening injuries following an automobile accident. Which action demonstrates the ethical principle of justice?
airlifting the client to a local trauma center for emergency surgery
To practice ethically, the nurse should avoid:
allowing the nurse's own judgment to guide practice.
