prepU: 1 & 2

A client has been prescribed a medication that has the potential to cause psychological dependency. How will the nurse best explain this possible situation to the client?

"After taking this medication for a while, your mind, not your body, will desire the effect of this medication."

As a nurse about to administer a medication tells the patient about the ordered drug, the patient states, "I am not going to take that medication." What is the nurse's best response?

"I am going to document that you refused the medication."

When asked by a client about the generic name of a drug, what is the nurse's best response?

"The generic name is the official name given by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration."

The nurse is caring for a client with renal disease and knows that this client will have the potential for which difficulties related to drug excretion? (Select all that apply.)

-increased drug half-life -increased chance of drug toxicity

A client is taking Ropinerol XR 2 mg. The drug has a half-life of 12 hours. How long will it be before only 0.25 mg of this drug is remaining in the client's system?

36 hours

Which client would a nurse expect to experience alterations in drug metabolism?

50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver

Fluoxitine is given to a client at a dosage of 500 mg every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of this drug is 3 hours, at what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg of the original dose?

9 hours after the original dose

Which client is receiving a drug that is an agonist?

A client who takes insulin several time daily for type 1 diabetes

A nurse is unfamiliar with a drug that a client in the community has recently been prescribed. What information should the nurse consult?

A nurse's drug guide

An instructor is describing the role and functioning of the sodium-potassium pump. The nurse should describe what type of transport mechanism?

Active transport

A licensed nurse in a long-term care facility is in charge of the narcotics cabinet. Which of the following must the nurse ensure when going off duty?

Ask the oncoming and outgoing nurse to count the number of remaining drugs.

a nurse walks into a hospital room to administer medication to a 37-year-old female patient. What steps should the nurse perform prior to handing the patient the medication? Select all that apply.

Ask the patient to state her name. Check the patient's arm band while she states her name. Check the patient's order for the correct dose and drug three times.

People and companies that are legally empowered to handle controlled substances must follow what procedures? (Select all that apply.)

Be registered with the DEA. Provide for secure storage of controlled substances. Keep accurate records of all transactions.

A nurse is preparing to administer a cough syrup containing codeine to a client. The nurse understands that this drug would be classified as which schedule of a controlled substance?

C-V

A client with an upper respiratory tract infection has been prescribed an antibiotic that the nurse is not familiar with. What should the nurse caring for the client do if not familiar with the new medication?

Collect information about the new medication.

A nurse at the healthcare center receives a prescription for a particular drug. The nurse checks if the prescription is written in ink, includes the name and address of the patient, the name of the drug enforcement agency, as well as the number of the primary healthcare provider. Which of the following drug categories does the drug belong to?

Controlled substances

The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a genetic disorder. What characteristic of the cell nucleus should the nurse recognize?

DNA is found on long strains called chromatin.

An instructor is preparing a class that describes the toxic effects of drugs. Which effect would the instructor expect to include?

Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.

What is designated by the Durham-Humphrey Amendment?

Drugs that must be prescribed by a licensed physician

Which of the following are ways that drugs are classified? Select all that apply.

Effects on body systems • Therapeutic uses • Chemical characteristics

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client with a history of renal disease. Why should the nurse anticipate administering a lower dose than for a client with healthy kidneys?

Excretion is likely to take place slowly.

The nurse is educating the patient about potential negative effects with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). What type of foods should the nurse inform the patient to avoid?

Foods high in tyramine

When prevention or cure is not a reasonable goal, relief of symptoms can do what? (Select all that apply.)

Improve a client's quality of life Improve ability to function in activities of daily living

Which legislative act allowed the FDA to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?

Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962

Examples of schedule 3 drugs include:

Lortab and Tylenol with Codeine.

The nurse is counseling a group of women of childbearing age. Which risks of consuming alcohol during pregnancy should the nurse share? Select all that apply.

Low birth weight Fetal alcohol syndrome

A nurse in a laboratory class is watching a cell actively divide under a microscope. What stage of cell division is the nurse observing?

M phase

After reviewing cell physiology in preparation for a test, a group of students demonstrate understanding of the topic when they identify what as the main goal of a cell?

Maintain homeostasis

The nurse administering medications knows that controlled substances must be managed carefully. Which of the following accurately describes the procedure for managing these drugs?

Only licensed nurses are allowed to access schedule drugs.

A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a client who is having a CAT scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to clients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers an MMR to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?

Pharmacotherapeutics

The Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus, consists of stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs within the cell. These Golgi apparatus are found near the nucleus and function in association with the ER. What is one purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

Prepare hormones or other substances for secretion producing excretory granules.

the Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus, consists of stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs within the cell. These Golgi apparatus are found near the nucleus and function in association with the ER. What is one purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

Prepare hormones or other substances for secretion producing excretory granules.

A client has a congenital disorder that disrupts of the function of the Golgi apparatus within cells. This disorder would affect what aspect of cellular metabolism?

Processing and packaging of hormones for excretion

The cell membrane has embedded within it a series of peripheral proteins that function in several ways. One of these proteins is known as a receptor site. What does this protein do?

Reacts with specific chemicals outside the cell to stimulate a reaction within a cell

A client is experiencing central nervous system effects related to drug therapy. Which would be most important for the nurse to emphasize in the teaching plan?

Safety measures

The nurse is caring for a patient who admits to having taken anabolic steroids to enhance his cycling ability. What schedule medication was this patient abusing?

Schedule III

The nurse shares with a client that some controlled substances can lead to psychological dependency, and would cause which signs or symptoms?

The client is compelled to take the medication for a pleasurable experience

Once a drug is patented, what statement is true?

The drug may not be manufactured by other companies until the patent expires.

A client has been prescribed a medication that is known to be a drug agonist. What effect will this drug have?

The drug will interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site.

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving Gentamycin, 250 mg, and Diflucan, 500 mg at the same time. What effect should the nurse anticipate if these two drugs compete with each other for protein binding sites?

The effectiveness of both drugs will be altered

What action by the nurse can assist in detecting changes in drug absorption caused by drug interactions?

The nurse needs to monitor for signs of decreased drug effects.

A nurse is administering digoxin to a client. To administer medications so that the drug is as effective as possible, the nurse should prioritize what factor?

The process of pharmacokinetics

Which of the following are true in regards to the Orphan Drug Program? Select all that apply.

The program encourages the development and marketing of products to treat rare diseases. The program provides for incentives, such as research grants, protocol assistance, and special tax credits to develop products to treat rare diseases. The program grants seven years of exclusive marketing rights to the manufacturer if approved.

An elderly client has been taking a new medication for 2 months. During a follow-up visit, the client's son tells the nurse that he feels his mother's memory is getting worse. What concerns should the nurse have at this time?

This may be coincidental, and the memory loss may be attributed to changes with aging

The Food and Drug Administration regulates the development and sale of drugs.

True

Urine acidity can play an important role in drug excretion.

True

What does the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act stipulate?

Women and minorities must be included in drug research studies.

An experienced nurse has observed that female clients sometimes experience a drug's effects for a longer time than male clients of similar age and size. The nurse should attribute this to what factor?

Women have more fat cells so drugs depositing in fat will have a prolonged effect.

Which statement best defines how a chemical becomes a drug?

a chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which will alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing nephrotoxicity?

a decrease in urine output

A nurse is caring for a client who has had part of her small intestine removed due to cancer. She has also now developed hypertension and has been prescribed a new medication to decrease her blood pressure. While planning the client's care, the nurse should consider a possible alteration in which aspect of pharmacokinetics?

absorption

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?

adverse effects

What is an example of a secondary action?

an antihistamine causes the client to experience drowsiness

Pharmacodynamics involves drug actions on target cells and results in alterations in:

cellular biochemical reactions and functions.

A client develops a skin reaction to one of their prescribed medications. This client also has a specific underlying pathology. This underlying pathology might serve as a:

contraindication for the use of certain medications.

The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and notes that the client's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse recalls that jaundice is a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell?

cytoplasm

A group of students are reviewing information about the natural sources of drugs. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as a drug derived from inorganic compounds?

ferrous sulfate (iron)

A client is taking low-dose aspirin daily for her heart. The client is not receiving all the dosage of the aspirin that is being ingested because of:

first-pass effect

A nurse has been administering a drug to a client intramuscularly (IM). The physician discontinued the IM dose and wrote an order for the drug to be given orally. The nurse notices that the oral dosage is considerably higher than the parenteral dose and understands that this due to:

first-pass effect.

When researching information about a drug, the nurse finds that the drug tightly binds to protein. The nurse would interpret this to mean that the drug will:

have a long duration of action.

Which drug may be derived from an animal source?

insulin

In considering the movement of substance across the cell membrane, the process that is regulated by the concentration of nondiffusible particles on either side of a semipermeable membrane is known as:

osmosis.

During which stage of drug development is the drug tested on laboratory animals?

preclinical trial

When explaining the structure and function of the cell membrane to a client, the nurse should describe it as being:

primarily responsible for maintaining cellular integrity.

The care provider has prescribed intravenous hydromorphone, an opioid, for a client using client-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The nurse is aware that this drug has a high abuse potential. Under what category would hydromorphone be classified?

schedule II

The student nurse is with a client who is listening to a dietitian emphasize the need for adequate nutrition. The dietitian is reviewing the functions of enzymes. Based on the information provided, what would be the best explanation by the dietitian to the client and student nurse about the functions of enzymes?

speeding up chemical reactions

Which is a key concern related to clinical pharmacology?

the drug's effects on the body

Drugs are classified according to what features?

therapeutic uses

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving medication synthesized from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). What is the appropriate terminology for this type of therapy?

• Biotechnology

Which of the following are nursing responsibilities connected to controlled substances? Select all that apply.

•Recording each dose given on agency narcotic sheets and on the patient's medication administration record •Administering controlled substances only to people for whom they are prescribed •Storing controlled substances in locked containers •Reporting discrepancies to the proper authorities