PrepU Quizzes

Which is an accurate rationale for why older adults are more susceptible to serious infections? A. They have less efficient defense mechanisms. B. They have increased social contact. C. They are less aware of how to control infections. D. They do not have easy access to antibiotics.

A. They have less efficient defense mechanisms

A nurse providing education about hypertension to a community group is discussing the high risk for cardiovascular complications. What are risk factors for cardiovascular problems in clients with hypertension? Select all that apply. A. Frequent upper respiratory infections B. Diabetes mellitus C. Physical inactivity D. Gallbladder disease E. Smoking

B. Diabetes mellitus C. Physical inactivity E. Smoking

The nurse is providing discharge education to a client diagnosed with heart failure. What should the nurse teach this client to do to assess fluid balance in the home setting? A. Monitor and record blood pressure daily B. Monitor and record radial pulses daily C. Monitor weight daily D. Monitor bowel movements

C. Monitor weight daily

The nurse is planning discharge instructions for the client with osteomyelitis. What instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching? A. "You will receive IV antibiotics for 3 to 6 weeks." B. "You need to limit the amount of protein and calcium in your diet." C. "You need to perform weight-bearing exercises twice a week." D. "Use your continuous passive motion machine (CPM) 2 hours each day."

A. "You will receive IV antibiotics for 3 to 6 weeks."

A client who had abdominal surgery 4 days ago reports that "something gave way" when he sneezed. The nurse observes a wound evisceration. Which nursing action is the first priority? A. Applying a sterile, moist dressing B. Putting the client on nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status C. Inserting a nasogastric (NG) tube D. Monitoring vital signs

A. Applying a sterile, moist dressing

The wife of a patient who was admitted 3 days ago with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) states that she is worried about her husband because he appears to be breathing "really hard." The nurse performs a respiratory assessment. Which of the following findings would indicate a need for further interventions? (Select all that apply.) A. BP 122/80, HR 116, R 24, pale and clammy skin, temp 101.3 degrees F B. Patient states, "It always seems like I just can't catch my breath." C. Pale, paper-thin skin, O2 at 2L/min via nasal cannula D. BP 122/82, HR 102, R 24, noted barrel chest

A. BP 122/80, HR 116, R 24, pale and clammy skin, temp 101.3 degrees F

Which drug is considered a stimulant laxative? A. Bisacodyl B. Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid C. Magnesium hydroxide D. Mineral oil

A. Bisacodyl

Which of the following is a characteristic of an arterial ulcer? A. Border regular and well demarcated B. Edema may be severe C. Brawny edema D. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) > 0.90

A. Border regular and well demarcated

The surgical nurse is preparing to send a client from the presurgical area to the OR and is reviewing the client's informed consent form. What are the criteria for legally valid informed consent? Select all that apply. A. Consent must normally be obtained by a physician. B. Consent must be signed on the day of surgery. C. Consent must be freely given. D. Consent must be notarized. E. Signature must be witnessed by a professional staff member.

A. Consent must normally be obtained by a physician. C. Consent must be freely given. E. Signature must be witnessed by a professional staff member.

A patient informs the nurse that every time she sneezes or coughs, she urinates in her pants. What type of incontinence does the nurse recognize the patient is experiencing? A. Stress incontinence B. Iatrogenic incontinence C. Functional incontinence D. Urge incontinence

A. Stress incontinence

A patient has a serum study that is positive for the rheumatoid factor. What does the nurse understand is the significance of this test result? A. Suggestive of RA B. Diagnostic for SLE C. Specific for RA D. Diagnostic for Sjögren's syndrome

A. Suggestive of RA

You are caring for a client who has been diagnosed with viral pneumonia. You are making a plan of care for this client. What nursing interventions would you put into the plan of care for a client with pneumonia? A. Give antibiotics as ordered. B. Offer nutritious snacks 2 times a day. C. Encourage increased fluid intake. D. Place client on bed rest.

C. Encourage increased fluid intake.

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with heart failure preparing to leave the following day. What type of diet should the nurse request the dietitian to discuss with the client? A. Low-fat diet B. Low-cholesterol diet C. Low-sodium diet D. Low-potassium diet

C. Low-sodium diet

With a severe degree of peripheral arterial insufficiency, leg pain during rest can be reduced by: A. Elevating the limb over the heart level. B. Placing the limb in a plane horizontal to the body. C. Lowering the limb so that it is dependent. D. Massaging the limb after application of cold compresses.

C. Lowering the limb so that it is dependent.

Based on a client's vague explanations for recurring injuries, the nurse suspects that a community-dwelling older adult may be the victim of abuse. What is the nurse's primary responsibility? A. Gather evidence to corroborate the abuse. B. Confront the suspected perpetrator. C. Report the findings to adult protective services. D. Work with the family to promote healthy conflict resolution.

C. Report the findings to adult protective services.

An elderly client who lives in a retirement community is having a mild depressive episode over the past few weeks. The nurse intervenes by recommending A. Taking an antidepressant medication B. Decreasing walking from 1 mile to 1/2 mile daily C. Watching television in a darkened room D. Participation in a social activity

D. Participation in a social activity

Which factor alters urinary elimination patterns in older adults? A. Increased bladder capacity B. Decreased residual volume C. Decreased muscle tone D. Active lifestyle

C. Decreased muscle tone

An older adult patient had a hip replacement. When should the patient begin with assisted ambulation with a walker? A. 1 week B. 2 to 3 weeks C. 72 hours D. 24 hours

D. 24 hours

An older adult develops sudden onset of confusion and is hospitalized. The family expresses concern that their loved one is developing Alzheimer disease. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "Alzheimer disease can be a great burden on the family. What community resources do you know about?" B. "What concerns you most about Alzheimer disease?" C. "Once the underlying cause of the confusion is found and treated, your loved one will be better than ever." D. "Several possible underlying factors could be causing the confusion. Alzheimer's usually does not present with sudden confusion."

D. "Several possible underlying factors could be causing the confusion. Alzheimer's usually does not present with sudden confusion."

An 84-year-old client has returned from the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) following hip arthroplasty. The client is oriented to name only. The client's family is very upset because, before having surgery, the client had no cognitive deficits. The client is subsequently diagnosed with postoperative delirium. What should the nurse explain to the client's family? A. Delirium of this type is treatable and her cognition will return to previous levels. B. This problem can be resolved by administering antidotes to the anesthetic that was used in surgery. C. This problem is self-limiting and there is nothing to worry about. D. Delirium involves a progressive decline in memory loss and overall cognitive function.

A. Delirium of this type is treatable and her cognition will return to previous levels.

The nurse is providing care for a client who has had a below-the-knee amputation. The nurse enters the client's room and finds the client resting in bed with his residual limb supported on pillow. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Explain the risks of flexion contracture to the client. B. Transfer the client to a sitting position. C. Encourage the client to perform active ROM exercises with the residual limb. D. Inform the surgeon of this finding.

A. Explain the risks of flexion contracture to the client.

The nurse has instructed a client on how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The nurse recognizes the purpose of this type of breathing is to accomplish which result? A. Improve oxygen transport; induce a slow, deep breathing pattern; and assist the client to control breathing B. Promote the client's ability to take in oxygen C. Promote more efficient and controlled ventilation and to decrease the work of breathing D. Promote the strengthening of the client's diaphragm

A. Improve oxygen transport; induce a slow, deep breathing pattern; and assist the client to control breathing

A client reports urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect? A. Infection B. Nephrotic syndrome C. Obstruction of the lower urinary tract D. Acute renal failure

A. Infection

The nurse suspects "compartment syndrome" for a casted extremity. What characteristic symptoms would the nurse assess that would confirm these suspicions? (Select all that apply.) A. Loss of motion B. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds C. Excruciating pain D. 2+ peripheral pulses in the affected distal pulse E. Decreased sensory function

A. Loss of motion C. Excruciating pain E. Decreased sensory function

The nurse teaches the client which intervention to avoid hip dislocation after replacement surgery? A. Never cross the affected leg when seated B. Avoid placing a pillow between the legs when sleeping C. Keep the knees together at all times D. Bend forward only when seated in a chair

A. Never cross the affected leg when seated

Following admission of the postoperative client to the clinical unit, which of the following assessment data requires the most immediate attention? A. Oxygen saturation of 82% B. Urine output of 60 ml/hr C. Respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute D. Blood pressure of 94/62 mm Hg

A. Oxygen saturation of 82%

A client has experienced occasional urinary incontinence in the weeks since his prostatectomy. In order to promote continence, the nurse should encourage which of the following? A. Pelvic floor exercises B. Active range of motion exercises C. Reduced physical activity D. Intermittent urinary catheterization

A. Pelvic floor exercises

Which intervention should the nurse implement with the client who has an external fixator? Select all that apply. A. Perform neurovascular assessment. B. Inspect pin sites for signs of infection. C. Supervise the client during transfers. D. Perform pin care as ordered. E. Turn the clamps by one-half every day.

A. Perform neurovascular assessment. B. Inspect pin sites for signs of infection. C. Supervise the client during transfers. D. Perform pin care as ordered.

The nurse is providing instructions to a client scheduled for a gastroscopy. What should the nurse be sure to include in the instructions? Select all that apply. A. The throat will be sprayed with a local anesthetic. B. The health care provider will be able to determine if there is a presence of bowel disease. C. After gastroscopy, the client cannot eat or drink until the gag reflex returns (1 to 2 hours). D. The client must have bowel cleansing prior to the procedure. E. The client must fast for 8 hours before the examination.

A. The throat will be sprayed with a local anesthetic. C. After gastroscopy, the client cannot eat or drink until the gag reflex returns (1 to 2 hours). E. The client must fast for 8 hours before the examination.

A client who must begin oxygen therapy asks the nurse why this treatment is necessary? What would the nurse identify as the goals of oxygen therapy? Select all that apply. A. To reduce stress on the myocardium B. To decrease the work of breathing C. To provide adequate transport of oxygen in the blood D. To clear respiratory secretions E. To provide visual feedback to encourage the client to inhale slowly and deeply

A. To reduce stress on the myocardium B. To decrease the work of breathing C. To provide adequate transport of oxygen in the blood

A client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. During the interview, the client states, "Sometimes when I have to urinate I can't control it, and do not reach the bathroom in time." The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing which type of incontinence? A. Urge B. Stress C. Functional D. Overflow

A. Urge

An older adult client visits the clinic for a blood pressure (BP) check. The client's hypertension is not well controlled, and a new blood pressure medicine is prescribed. What is important for the nurse to teach this client about the blood pressure medicine? A. A severe drop in blood pressure is possible. B. A possible adverse effect of blood pressure medicine is dizziness when you stand. C. There are no adverse effects from blood pressure medicine. D. Take the medicine on an empty stomach.

B. A possible adverse effect of blood pressure medicine is dizziness when you stand.

Which is the most common presenting symptom of colon cancer? A. Fatigue B. Change in bowel habits C. Weight loss D. Anorexia

B. Change in bowel habits

A nurse in a busy emergency department provides care for many clients who present with contusions, strains, or sprains. What are treatment modalities that are common to all of these musculoskeletal injuries? Select all that apply. A. Corticosteroids B. Compression dressings C. Applying ice D. Resting the affected extremity E. Massage F. Elevating the injured limb

B. Compression dressings C. Applying ice D. Resting the affected extremity F. Elevating the injured limb

A nurse is applying an ostomy appliance to the ileostomy of a client with ulcerative colitis. Which action is appropriate? A. Maintaining wrinkles in the faceplate so it doesn't irritate the skin B. Gently washing the area surrounding the stoma using a facecloth and mild soap C. Cutting the faceplate opening no more than 2" larger than the stoma D. Scrubbing fecal material from the skin surrounding the stoma

B. Gently washing the area surrounding the stoma using a facecloth and mild soap

Students are preparing a class presentation on elder abuse. Which of the following would they include as the most common type of elder abuse? A. Financial B. Neglect C. Emotional D. Sexual

B. Neglect

A client is on call to the OR for an aortobifemoral bypass and the nurse administers the prescribed preoperative medication. After administering a preoperative medication to the client, what should the nurse do? A. Encourage light ambulation. B. Place the bed in a low position with the side rails up. C. Tell the client that he will be asleep before he leaves for surgery. D. Take the client's vital signs every 15 minutes.

B. Place the bed in a low position with the side rails up

A client is admitted to the hospital with systolic left-sided heart failure. The nurse knows to look for which assessment finding for this client? A. Nausea B. Pulmonary congestion C. Pedal edema D. Jugular venous distention

B. Pulmonary congestion

A woman comes to her health care provider's office with signs and symptoms of kidney stones. Which of the following should be the primary medical management goal? A. Prevent nephron destruction. B. Relieve the pain. C. Relieve any obstruction. D. Determine the stone type.

B. Relieve the pain.

A client with Alzheimer's disease is admitted for hip surgery after falling and fracturing the right hip. The client's spouse tells the nurse about feeling guilty for letting the accident happen and reports not sleeping well lately because the spouse has been getting up at night and doing odd things. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for the client's spouse? A. Relocation stress syndrome related to hospitalization B. Risk for caregiver role strain related to increased client care needs C. Decisional conflict related to lack of relevant treatment information D. Defensive coping related to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

B. Risk for caregiver role strain related to increased client care needs

A nurse caring for a patient with regional enteritis knows to assess for this most serious systemic complication. What is that complication? A. Pyelonephritis B. Small bowel obstruction C. Megacolon D. Nephrolithiasis

B. Small bowel obstruction

The nurse teaches the client with a high risk for osteoporosis about risk-lowering strategies, including which action? A. Reduce stress B. Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises C. Increase fiber in the diet D. Decrease the intake of vitamins A and D

B. Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises

Which client requires immediate nursing intervention? The client who: A. complains of epigastric pain after eating. B. presents with a rigid, boardlike abdomen. C. complains of anorexia and periumbilical pain. D. presents with ribbonlike stools.

B. presents with a rigid, boardlike abdomen.

What abnormal postoperative urinary output should the nurse report to the physician for a 2-hour period? A. Between 75 and 100 mL B. Between 100 and 200 mL C. <30 mL D. >200 mL

C. <30 mL

The nurse is caring for a client at risk for atelectasis. The nurse implements a first-line measure to prevent atelectasis development in the client. What is an example of a first-line measure to minimize atelectasis? A. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) B. Bronchoscopy C. Incentive spirometry D. Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB)

C. Incentive spirometry

After undergoing retropubic prostatectomy, a client returns to his room. The client is on nothing-by-mouth status and has an IV infusing in his right forearm at a rate of 100 ml/hour. The client also has an indwelling urinary catheter that's draining light pink urine. While assessing the client, the nurse notes that his urine output is red and has dropped to 15 ml and 10 ml for the last 2 consecutive hours. How can the nurse best explain this drop in urine output? A. It's an abnormal finding that will correct itself when the client ambulates. B. It's a normal finding associated with the client's nothing-by-mouth status. C. It's an abnormal finding that requires further assessment. D. It's a normal finding caused by blood loss during surgery.

C. It's an abnormal finding that requires further assessment.

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to a client who will soon undergo a cardiac bypass. The nurse's teaching plan includes exercises of the extremities. What is the purpose of teaching a client leg exercises prior to surgery? A. Leg exercise help increase the client's level of consciousness after surgery. B. Leg exercises help to prevent pressure sores to the sacrum and heels. C. Leg exercises improve circulation and prevent venous thrombosis. D. Leg exercises increase the client's muscle mass postoperatively.

C. Leg exercises improve circulation and prevent venous thrombosis.

A gerontologic nurse is teaching a group of medical nurses about the high incidence and mortality of pneumonia in older adults. What is a contributing factor to this that the nurse should describe? A. Older adults are not normally candidates for pneumococcal vaccination. B. Older adults have less compliant lung tissue than younger adults. C. Older adults often lack the classic signs and symptoms of pneumonia. D. Older adults often cannot tolerate the most common antibiotics used to treat pneumonia.

C. Older adults often lack the classic signs and symptoms of pneumonia.

During a community health fair, a nurse is teaching a group of seniors about promoting health and preventing infection. Which intervention would best promote infection prevention for senior citizens who are at risk of pneumococcal and influenza infections? A. Exercise daily B. Take all prescribed medications C. Receive vaccinations D. Drink six glasses of water daily

C. Receive vaccinations

A surgical client has been in the PACU for the past 3 hours. What are the determining factors for the client to be discharged from the PACU? Select all that apply. A. Absence of pain B. Ability to tolerate oral fluids C. Stable blood pressure D. Sufficient oxygen saturation E. Adequate respiratory function

C. Stable blood pressure D. Sufficient oxygen saturation E. Adequate respiratory function

Which nursing instruction is correct to provide the client following a barium enema? A. The client will maintain a low residue diet. B. An enema will be used to clear the bowel. C. The stools may be a white or clay colored. D. Sips of fluid may be increased if tolerated.

C. The stools may be a white or clay colored.

A client with a severe exacerbation of COPD requires reliable and precise oxygen delivery. Which mask will the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe? A. Tracheostomy collar B. Non-rebreather air mask C. Venturi mask D. Face tent

C. Venturi mask

An age-related change associated with the cardiovascular system is A. thinner heart valves. B. increased compliance of heart muscle. C. decreased cardiac output. D. decreased blood pressure.

C. decreased cardiac output

A client is scheduled for a transurethral rescection of the prostate (TURP). Which statement demonstrates that the expected outcome of "client demonstrates understanding of the surgical procedure and aftercare" has been met? A. "I'll have to stay in the hospital for about 3 to 4 days after the surgery." B. "The surgeon is going to remove the entire prostate gland." C. "I'll have a small incision on my lower abdomen after the procedure." D. "The surgeon is going to insert a scope through my urethra to remove a portion of the gland."

D. "The surgeon is going to insert a scope through my urethra to remove a portion of the gland."

When administering heparin anticoagulant therapy, the nurse needs to make certain that the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is within the therapeutic range of: A. 2.5 to 3.0 times the baseline control. B. 4.5 times the baseline control. C. 3.5 times the baseline control. D. 1.5 to 2.5 times the baseline control.

D. 1.5 to 2.5 times the baseline control.

The nurse teaches a client scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which instruction should be included as part of the preparation for the procedure? A. Spray or gargle with a local anesthetic. B. Consume at least 3 quarts of water 30 minutes before the test. C. Do not void for at least 30 minutes before the test. D. Follow the dietary and fluid restrictions and bowel preparation procedures.

D. Follow the dietary and fluid restrictions and bowel preparation procedures.

A nurse is presenting a safety program to a group of older adults at a continuing care retirement community. The nurse emphasizes measures to reduce the risk of falls based on the understanding that which type of fracture is the most common? A. Femur B. Forearm C. Ankle D. Hip

D. Hip

The nurse is providing care for a client who has recently been diagnosed with COPD. When educating the client about exacerbations, the nurse should prioritize what topic? A. Prompt administration of corticosteroids during exacerbations B. The relationship between activity level and exacerbations C. The importance of prone positioning during exacerbations D. Identifying specific causes of exacerbations

D. Identifying specific causes of exacerbations

A client asks about the purpose of withholding food and fluid before surgery. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? A. It prevents overhydration and hypertension. B. It decreases urine output so that a catheter will not be needed. C. It decreases the risk of elevated blood sugar and slow wound healing. D. It prevents aspiration and respiratory complications.

D. It prevents aspiration and respiratory complications.

A patient has had surgery to create an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. What is a priority intervention by the nurse in the postoperative phase of care? A. Turn the patient every 2 hours around the clock. B. Administer pain medication every 2 hours. C. Clean the stoma with soap and water after the patient voids. D. Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30 mL/hr.

D. Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30 mL/hr.

A nurse has been asked to speak to a local women's group about preventing cystitis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the presentation? A. Importance of urinating every 4 to 6 hours while awake B. Need to wear underwear made from synthetic material C. Suggestion to take tub baths instead of showers D. Need to urinate after engaging in sexual intercourse

D. Need to urinate after engaging in sexual intercourse

It is important for the nurse to monitor serum electrolytes in a patient with acute diarrhea. Select the electrolyte result that should be immediately reported. A. Calcium of 9 mg/dL B. Chloride of 100 mEq/L C. Sodium of 136 mEq/L D. Potassium of 2.8 mEq/L

D. Potassium of 2.8 mEq/L

Which of the following is the most important nursing diagnosis for an elderly patient diagnosed with osteoporosis? A. Risk for constipation related to immobility B. Acute pain related to fracture and muscle spasm C. Deficient knowledge about osteoporosis and the treatment regimen D. Risk for injury related to fractures due to osteoporosis

D. Risk for injury related to fractures due to osteoporosis

A nurse is planning the care of a client with emphysema who will soon be discharged. What teaching should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care? A. Adhering to the treatment regimen in order to cure the disease B. Avoiding airplanes, buses, and other crowded public places C. Taking prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed D. Setting realistic short- and long-term goals

D. Setting realistic short- and long-term goals

Which principle applies to the client in traction? A. Weights should rest on the bed. B. Knots in the ropes should touch the pulley. C. Weights are removed routinely. D. Skeletal traction is never interrupted.

D. Skeletal traction is never interrupted.

A client realizes that regular use of laxatives has greatly improved his bowel pattern. However, the nurse cautions this client against the prolonged use of laxatives for which reason? A. The client may lose his appetite. B. The client may develop inflammatory bowel disease. C. The client may develop arthritis or arthralgia. D. The client's natural bowel function may become sluggish.

D. The client's natural bowel function may become sluggish.

A registered nurse who is responsible for coordinating and documenting client care in the operating room is a A. anesthesiologist. B. scrub nurse. C. anesthetist. D. circulating nurse.

D. circulating nurse

Two days after undergoing a total abdominal hysterectomy, a client complains of left calf pain. Venography reveals deep vein thrombosis (DVT). When assessing this client, the nurse is likely to detect: A. loss of hair on the lower portion of the left leg. B. pallor and coolness of the left foot. C. a decrease in the left pedal pulse. D. left calf circumference 1" (2.5 cm) larger than the right.

D. left calf circumference 1" (2.5 cm) larger than the right.