Prin of A&P- Test 5- Mrs. Reid

The cerebellum aids in maintenance of ____.

Balance and posture

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are _____.

Both Somatic and Sensory

Pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata

Brain Stem

Reticular Formation

Brain Stem

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the _____.

Brain Stem

The term central nervous system refers to the _____.

Brain and Spinal Cord

3 points on the central nervous system?

Brain and Spinal cord, CNS, integrating and command centers

Which of the following is vital to the ability to speak?

Broca's Area

What part of a neuron receives signals and sends a message to the cell body?

Dendrites

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus.

Diencephalon

Together with the brain stem, the ____ oversees all subconscious, autonomic functions.

Diencephalon

The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose fibers enter the cord are found in the ____.

Dorsal root ganglion

the 3 connective tissue membranes covering and protecting CNS structures are collectively known as the ____. The ____ is the outermost, leathery layer.

Meninges; Dura Mater

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of ____.

Metabolic waste such as urea

Includes the cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina

Midbrain

Functional nervous system division that carries information from the central nervous system toward effectors.

Motor (efferent) division

The nervous system gathers and interprets information, and the correct response is sent out through a process called ____.

Motor output

The corpus callosum connects the ____.

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

Supporting cells in the PNS include ____ that form the myelin sheaths and satellite cells that act as protective cushioning cells.

Schwann Cells

What cells from the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann Cells

The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are called ____, and the central nervous system (CNS) the cells are called ____.

Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes

Functional nervous system subdivision that carries information toward the central nervous system from receptors.

Sensory (afferent) division

An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell ____.

Sodium

____ reflexes regular skeletal muscle.

Somatic

Which division of the peripheral nervous system activates skeletal muscles?

Somatic Nervous System

What congenital disorder results when the vertebrae fail to form completely around the spinal cord, typically in the lumbosacral region?

Spina Bifida

The ___ division of the autonomic nervous system allows us to initiate the fight-or-flight response in extreme circumstances.

Sympathetic

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

Sympathetic division

Relay station for sensory impulses passing to the sensory cortex

Thalamus

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of ____.

The brain and spinal cord

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

Damage to which cranial nerves may impair the sense of taste?

facial and glossopharyngeal

Which of the following is an alternate name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

the craniosacral division

_____ neurons carry an impulse to the CNS.

Afferent

What cells of the nervous system are responsible for anchoring neurons to their blood vessels and controlling the extracellular fluid concentrations of potassium and neurotransmitters?

Astrocytes

Which of the following is a central nervous system glial cell?

Astrocytes, ependymal cell, microglia

Subdivision of the motor division responsible for controlling involuntary event.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The sympathetic and parasympathetic division are two arms of the ____.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ____.

Axon

Ganglia are collections of____.

Cell bodies

The ___ nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

Central

Structural nervous system subdivision that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Controls balance and equilibrium

Cerebellum

What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?

Cerebral Palsy

Motor homunculus and sensory homunculus

Cerebrum

Occipital lobe

Cerebrum

The ___ produce cerebrospinal fluid?

Choroid Plexuses

The dendrites of a neuron ____.

Conducts nerve impulses toward the neuron cell body

Includes the pineal gland and choroid plexus of the third ventricle

Epithalamus

Which of the following substances can easily enter brain tissue due to the tight junctions that form the blood-brain barrier?

Essential amino acids

T/F There are 31 pairs of cranial nerves and 12 pairs of spinal nerves.

False

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the auntonomic nervous system _____.

Has a chain of two sensory neurons

Regulates body temperature, water balance, and metabolism

Hypothalamus

Cerebrospinal fluid _____.

Is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

The deep groove that separates two hemispheres of the cerebrum is called the _____.

Longitudinal fissure

Contains centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting

Medulla Oblongata

All motor and association neurons are ____.

Multipolar

Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ____.

Myelinated

Collectively, the supporting cells in the CNS are called ____.

Neuroglia

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ____.

Neuroglia

Between successive schwann cells, there are gaps in the myelin sheath called ____.

Nodes of ranvier

Which of these neuralgia cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes

3 points on the peripheral nervous system?

PNS, communication lines with the body, cranial and spinal nerves

Structural nervous system subdivision that consists of spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Gland that hangs from the hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

The _____ are that allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles is anterior to the central sulcus in the _____ lobe.

Primary motor, frontal lobe

Which of these lists the components of reflex arc in the correct sequences?

Receptor; afferent neuron; control center; efferent neuron; effector

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the CNS are called ____, whereas in the PNS they are called _____.

Tracts; Nerves

What is the minimum number of neurons that can be involved in a reflex?

Two

Besides the accessory nerve, which pair of cranial nerves extend beyond the head and neck?

Vagus