Principals of Management study #2

entrepreneurial venture

A new business having growth and high profitability as primary objectives.

Which of the following is a key difference between an entrepreneur and an intrapreneur?

An entrepreneur receives no corporate support, whereas an intrapreneur has the benefit of corporate support.

Which of the following types of power is most dominant when a leader utilizes his or her ability to control punishments

Coercive power

With which of the following models does a site pay commissions to other sites to drive business to its own sites?

Affiliate Model

six steps of effective delegation in sequential order.

Define Goal Select person Solicit views give authority schedule follow through

Which of the following involves eliminating functions, hierarchical levels, or even whole units?

Downsizing

A set of leader characteristics that reflect a high level of effort and a high need for achievement is identified as ____.

Drive

Which of the following statements is true about strategic alliances?

For the alliance to work, the partners should consider one another's areas of expertise.

The _____ structure is an organizational form that emphasizes flexibility.

Organic

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following forms the lowest level of needs?

Psychological

Functional Structure Appropriate For

Simple, Stable Environment

_ provides a lasting source of competitive advantage.

Social capital

Functional Structure Strengths

Specialized Training

___ leadership gives purpose and meaning to organizations while envisioning and creating a positive future.

Strategic

Planning levels in order by time horizon

Strategic Tactical Operational

Which of the following laws states that behavior that is followed by positive consequences will likely be repeated?

The law of effect

Generally, which of the following characteristics contributes to entrepreneurs' success?

Tolerance of risk and uncertainty

A leadership perspective that focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics that leaders share is referred to as the ____.

Trait-approach

divisional structure appropriate for

Unstable Environments ( environments that require fast adaptability)

small business

an independent business with fewer than 500 employees

The internal environment includes

culture and climate

social entrepreneurship

the pursuit of social goals while creating a profitable business

Diversification

a strategy of increasing sales by introducing new products into new markets

matrix structure

an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures-vertical and horizontal

Which of the following is a macroenvironmental factor that can affect an organization?

economic recession

According to McClelland's research, the need for achievement is:

important to most American managers.

According to McClelland, when the need for power is used as a negative force it is called:

personalized power.

In Michael Porter's competitive environment model, the five parts of the model are

suppliers, new entrants, customers, substitutes and complements, and rival firms.

A motivation theory stating that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end is:

the goal-setting theory

Which of the following is the fundamental reason for creating an opportunity analysis?

to analyze whether or not to act

The best business plans convey five key factors: the people, the opportunity, the competition, the context, and risk and reward.

true

Will is the marketing head of a firm. He usually strives for long-term improvement rather than short-term profit, regardless of the economic environment. In the context of Deming's 14 points of quality, this is an example of:

Creating constancy of purpose

Withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence is referred to as:

Extinction

Which of the following is true about social entrepreneurship?

It creates economic value and social benefits simultaneously.

power is dominant when subordinates are obliged to comply by virtue of a boss's authority.

Legitimate

Which of the following is a conception of human needs organizing needs into a pyramid of five major types?

Maslow's need hierarchy

Achievement, affiliation, personalized power, and socialized power are all components of:

McClelland's needs theory.

provides individuals and work units with a clear map to follow in future activities.

Planning

Which of the following refers to the ability to influence others, which in an organizational setup means the ability to get things done or accomplish one's goals despite resistance from others?

Power

Targets that are particularly demanding and can generate a major shift away from mediocrity and toward tremendous achievement are known as:

Stretch goals

Tiyona Motors plans to introduce a fast, stylish car to its fleet that management hopes will appeal to high-end buyers and grant Tiyona entry into the luxury market. Based on this scenario, what possible outcome should Tiyona be prepared for?

The financial investment will be high, and the competition will be heavy.

entrepreneurial orientation

The tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services.

divisional structure Strengths

Wide Variety - can manage a variety of products, customers & regions

Which of the following is a formal planning step that focuses on an entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it?

a business plan

strategic alliance

a partnership formed to create competitive advantage on a worldwide basis

Entrepreneurs can assemble a group of people to help them learn the basics of business and build relationships with bankers, accountants, and attorneys. Such a group is called a(n)

advisory board.

Which of the following refers to the immediate environment surrounding a firm, including suppliers, customers, rivals, and new entrants?

competitive environment

A _____ is the knowledge, expertise, or skill that underlies a company's ability to be a leader in providing a range of specific goods or services.

core capability

SweetStay Inc. is a hospitality corporation that runs three chains of hotels in the United States. Recently, in the face of sinking market share, SweetStay reduced its dependence on the U.S. market by opening resorts in Asia. This is an example of

diversification.

When an enterprising individual pursues a lucrative opportunity, it is known as

entrepreneurship.

Complexity and dynamism in the environment result in

environmental uncertainty.

Alderfer's ERG theory postulates three sets of needs:

existence, relatedness, and growth.

A theory proposing that people will behave based on their perceived likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain outcome and on how highly they value that outcome is known as the:

expectancy theory.

functional structure

groups together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks

An operation that achieves increased efficiency while simultaneously improving effectiveness is best described as practicing _

lean manufacturing

Which of the following key planning elements should provide a competitive advantage that can be defended?

opportunity

A concentric diversification strategy is a strategy

used to add new businesses that produce related products or are involved in related markets and activities.

Matrix Strengths

Collaboration Employees work together

What characteristics do successful entrepreneurs who are decisive, tenacious, disciplined, and willing to sacrifice possess?

Commitment and determination

According to Maslow, which of the following needs includes the need for achievement, freedom, and recognition?

Ego

Functional Structure Weakness

Functional Integration ( Lack of integration & coordination)

Bootlegging

Informal work on projects, other than those officially assigned, of employees' own choosing and initiative.

Return to question Which of the following is true of operational planning?

It identifies specific plans and procedures.

divisional structure weaknesses

Managers are not specialist

Which of the following implies a consequence that is positive for the person receiving it?

Negative reinforcement

business accelerator

Organization that provides support and advice to help young businesses grow.

initial public offering (IPO)

Sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in the company.

Skunkworks

a project team designated to produce a new, innovative product

Michael Porter, a noted authority on strategic management, said that successful managers

act in ways that shape or change the organization's environment.

Which of the following is a demographic factor of an organization's macroenvironment?

employees' ages

The rewards given to a person by the boss, the company, or some other person are known as _____ rewards.

extrinsic

Legitimacy increases the probability of success of a new business by

helping a firm acquire resources such as top managers and good employees.

Which of the following provides a way to raise capital through federally registered and underwritten sales of shares in the company?

initial public offering

The performance-to-outcome link in the expectancy theory is called

instrumentality.

Which of the following aspects of organization culture will tell you what the firm's desired public image is?

the corporate mission statement

According to Deming's 14 points of quality, which of the following has to be eliminated, as they are contrary to the idea of continuous improvement?

Numerical quotas

Legitimacy

People's judgment of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values.

Which of the following is true of the role of the economic environment in the success of entrepreneurial ventures?

The economic environment affects the success of entrepreneurial ventures by affecting the supply of capital and prospective opportunities.

These psychological states occur when people are working on enriched jobs; that is, jobs that offer five core job dimensions:

(1) skill variety, (2) task identity, (3) task significance, (4) autonomy, and (5) feedback. The most effective job enrichment increases all five core dimensions.

McCleeland's Theory of needs

-need for achievement- the drive to excel -need for power- the need to make others behave in a way they would not behaved otherwise -need for affiliation- the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships -cognition- the need to understand and know

Hackman and Oldham proposed these outcomes occur when people experience three critical psychological states

1. They believe they are doing something meaningful because their work is important to other people. 2. They feel personally responsible for how the work turns out. 3. They learn how well they perform their jobs.

The process of using multiple sources of appraisal to gain a comprehensive perspective on one's performance is known as a ________ appraisal.

360-degree

According to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, discrimination is prohibited against people aged

40 and over.

Affirmative Action

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.

Management by Objectives (MBO)

A process in which objectives set by a subordinate and a supervisor must be reached within a given time period.

pluralistic organization

A relatively diverse employee population and makes an effort to involve employees from different gender, racial, or cultural backgrounds

Operations Management

A specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources) into goods and services.

Marlow's Hierarchy of Needs

Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs in which he maintained that people had special needs and moved through various levels in achieving satisfaction in life. physical needs, security and safe needs, love and social needs, self-stem/status, self actualization/ self fullfilment.

Horizontal Integration

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level

Motivators (Herzberg)

Achievement, recognition, stimulating work, growth, advancement, positive culture

Matrix Organization

An organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.

monolithic organization

An organization that has a low degree of structural integration—employing few women, minorities, or other groups that differ from the majority—and thus has a highly homogeneous employee population.

multicultural organization

An organization that values cultural diversity and seeks to utilize and encourage it.

Which of the following statements about types of economies is true?

An organization's large size often creates scale economies and economies of scope.

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

The individual at the top of the organizational pyramid who is personally accountable to the board and to the owners for the organization's performance is the

CEO

Matrix Weakness

Confusion of having more than one boss

Matrix Appropriate for

Consolidate cost to break into a market faster

The board of directors for SmartSavers, a nationwide chain of grocery stores, has decided that beginning January 1 of next year, the company will no longer sell tobacco products. This decision is an example of Multiple Choice

Corporate Governance

involves teaching managers and professional employees broader skills needed for their present and future jobs.

Development

Coaching

Dialogue with a goal of helping another be more effective and achieve his or her full potential on the job.

The assignment of different tasks to different people or groups in an organization is known as

Division of Labor

Armand is a manager for Interscope Machinery, which produces parts for a variety of industrial machines. One day, Melinda, who works on the production line, asks if she can speak with him in confidence. Armand agrees, and she tells him that problems with one of the line managers are preventing her team from meeting its monthly production goals. Armand listens and takes appropriate action. Which of Deming's "14 points" is this most clearly an example of?

Drive out fear so that people believe it is safe to report problems or ask for help.

Changing views on older employees in the workforce can be summed up by saying that companies used to

Encourage retirement to save money, but now are eager to benefit from older workers' knowledge, experience, and positive work ethic.

As head of her department, Veronica has a written policy regarding office dress codes. This is an example of

Formalization

Hackman and Oldham's Model of Job Design

Highlights five aspects of the design of a job that can influence how motivating it is and highlights the impact of job design on individuals on their performance. ** Build on Harlows Needs ***

When managers and executives describe the strategic value of skills and knowledge of employees, they use the term

Human Capital

downward communication

Information that flows from higher to lower levels in the organization's hierarchy.

_____ has been criticized for resulting in unrealistic expectations, too much rigidity, and too much focus on short-term achievement at the expense of long-term goals.

Management by objectives

A difference between Maslow's need hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory is that

Maslow's needs theory has general applicability, whereas Alderfer's ERG theory aims at understanding people's needs at work.

As a marketing representative for the Jenner & Parris Company in the state of Georgia, Denise has two immediate supervisors, one in the company's marketing department and another in its Southeastern division. Jenner & Parris is most likely a ________ organization.

Matrix

upwards communication

Messages that flow from the lower to the higher levels in the organization's hierarchy.

According to Herzberg, the key to true job satisfaction lies in the

Motivators (Herzberg)

A business structure in which employees depend more on one another and relate more informally and personally is a(n) ________ organization.

Organic

The ________ structure is an organizational form that emphasizes flexibility.

Organic

learning organization

Organization characterized by a capability to adapt to changes in environment.

Concurrent Engineering

Performing the stages of product design and development simultaneously, instead of one after another

he three stages in the human resources planning process are ________, programming, and evaluating.

Planning

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Which of the following sources of power is most dominant when a leader is followed due to his or her charisma?

Referent power

Hygiene Factors (Herzberg)

Salary and supervision, decrease employees' dissatisfaction with the work environment

Research, legal, accounting, and human resources are examples of ________ departments.

Staff

Time-based competition (TBC)

Strategies aimed at reducing the total time needed to deliver a good or service.

inbound logistics

The area of logistics that involves bringing raw materials, packaging, other goods and services, and information from suppliers to producers.

Meredith is a client services manager at America Reads, a private, 501(c)(3) education nonprofit. She discovers that Tom, a marketing manager, earns $10,000 a year more than she does, even though their jobs involve equal levels of responsibility in the company. Meredith asks her supervisor, Efraim, for a raise at her next performance review, citing the comparable worth doctrine, but her supervisor states that the comparable worth doctrine is not applicable in this case. What is his reasoning?

The comparable worth doctrine is not part of federal law.

comparable worth doctrine

The idea that people who are performing jobs that require equal amounts of knowledge, skill, effort, responsibility, disagreeableness, or danger, for example, should be paid equal wage rates, regardless of the prevailing wage rates in the market for each type of labor. Given some credibility in 1983 when Judge Jack Tanner in Washington State ordered that state to pay female employees the same as men when they were doing supposedly comparable work. Many problems arise with trying to put such ideas into practice.

Mutual Adjustment

The ongoing informal communication among different people and functions that is necessary for an organization to achieve its goals

value-added manufacturing

The process of refining and fabricating more valuable goods from raw or semi-processed materials.

Expectancy Theory

The theory that motivation will be high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to the attainment of desired outcomes.

Alderfer's ERG Theory

The theory that three universal needs—for existence, relatedness, and growth—constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior. Alderfer proposed that needs at more than one level can be motivational at the same time.

informal communication

The use of non-approved channels when communicating

line departments

Units that deal directly with the organization's primary goods and services

________ refers to the degree to which a selection test predicts or correlates with job performance.

Validity

Hackman and Oldham proposed

Well-designed jobs lead to high motivation, high-quality performance, high satisfaction, and low absenteeism and turnover.

Situational Questions

What would you do if...

A ________ span of control creates a flat organization.

Wide

Work team diversity offers a number of advantages, including enhanced creativity and

a broader base of experience.

strategic alliance

a collaborative relationship between independent firms, though the partnering firms do not create an equity partnership; that is, they do not invest in one another

needs assessment

a determination of the customer's specific needs and wants and the range of options the customer has for satisfying them

Which of the following is included in a job analysis?

a job description and a job specification

open-book management

a motivational approach in which an organization's financial statements (the "books") are shared with all employees

When a chain of coffee shops teams with a communications company to provide faster wireless Internet service to its customers, this is an example of

a strategic alliance.

mass customization

a strategy that uses technology to deliver customized services on a mass basis

Goal Setting Theory

a theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance

Equity Theory

a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly

Organizations should ensure that their performance appraisal and reward systems reinforce the importance of effective diversity management. This is ______, one of several strategies for retaining employees.

accountability

According to McClelland, the most important needs for managers are the needs for

achievement, affiliation, and power.

The term diversity, when applied to people in the workforce, refers to

all kinds of differences.

Elise and other managers at Midwestern Telecomm, a communications provider, are under evaluation as to whether they are hiring enough diverse candidates and helping build a workforce that meets the needs of their customer base. This assessment is not limited to a particular period of time, nor is it only directed at Elise and her colleagues, but at the company as a whole in order to ensure that its workforce, culture, policies, and practices in areas such as recruitment, promotions, benefits, and compensation are meeting the organization's diversity goals. This is an example of

an ongoing assessment.

Which of the following depicts the positions in a firm and the way they are arranged?

an organization chart

ambidextrous organization

an organization that is simultaneously good at exploitation and exploration

The use of a neutral third party, typically jointly selected, to resolve a dispute between workers and management is known as

arbitration.

Rightsizing refers to

arriving at the size at which a company performs most effectively.

mechanistic organization

authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised

Monolithic organizations tend to

be highly homogeneous.

A(n) ________ is a formal planning step that focuses on an entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it

business plan

The Procter & Gamble diversity mission statement "Everyone valued, everyone included, everyone performing at their peak" expresses the fact that diversity

can, if managed well, give an organization a competitive advantage.

Unexamined assumptions, lower cohesiveness, miscommunications, mistrust and tension, and stereotyping are some of the ______ diversity in the workplace.

challenges associated with

Among the positions of the top managerial level is that of

chief financial officer.

Kelly, a manager at a restaurant, has the responsibility of scheduling workers and assigning projects during each shift. Employees who have performed poorly are often scheduled for the unpopular weekend shifts and the worst shift duties. In order to avoid this, most employees try to perform well. In this case, Kelly seems to use a high degree of _____ power.

coercive

Media richness is described as the degree to which a(n)

communication channel conveys information.

An advantage of one-way communication over two-way is the fact that

communication is faster and easier.

A design approach in which all relevant functions cooperate jointly and continually in a maximum effort aimed at producing high-quality products that meet customers' needs is known as

concurrent engineering.

An organization can increase its competitive advantage by building on its ________, or the knowledge, expertise, or skill that underlies its ability to be a leader in providing a range of goods or services. Multiple Choice

core capabilities

A ________ gives value to customers, makes the company's products different from—and better than—those of competitors, and helps in creating new products.

core capability

Diseconomies of scale refers to the:

costs associated with an organization being too big

Cameron wants to improve her customer service department by using information technologies to create two-way conversations with customers to gain more knowledge of their wants and preferences. Cameron wants to institute ________ management.

customer relationship

Belinda's job at the corporate offices of Mobility Car Rental requires her to analyze large amounts of data in order to identify patterns regarding what people are looking for in a car rental experience. This is an example of

customer relationship management.

vertical structure

deals with issues of authority, reporting relationships and responsibility

An advantage of functional departmentalization is the fact that

decision making and lines of communication are simple and clearly understood.

The first step in the delegation process is

defining the goal

One difficult part of human resources planning is trying to determine how many and what types of people are needed in an organization, which is known as a(n)

demand forecast.

flexible manufacturing

designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products

Demand forecasts

determining how many and what type of people are needed

Which of the following is created through division of labor and job specialization?

differentiation

outbound logistics

distributes goods and services to customers

Programs that focus on identifying and reducing hidden biases against people with differences and developing the skills needed to manage a varied workforce is known as ______ training.

diversity

Multicultural organizations differ from pluralistic organizations because in multicultural organizations,

diversity is valued and leveraged.

Which of the following psychological states does the Hackman and Oldham model link with the core job dimensions of skill variety, task identity, and task significance?

experienced meaningfulness of the work

External Analysis

focuses on factors such as characteristics of the firm's customers, market segments, positioning strategies, and competitors

quid pro quo harassment

form of sexual harassment in which sexual favors are requested in return for job-related benefits

For years, the Atlantic Tool Company maintained all operations—purchasing, marketing, etc.—in its Charlotte, North Carolina, headquarters. However, as a result of sustained growth in the company's market, Atlantic has established facilities in three other cities. Each of these has its own purchasing and marketing departments, and each oversees its respective region of the country. In other words, Atlantic has changed from a ________ structure.

functional to a divisional

Reengineering

fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed

flat structure

has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels

Outplacement involves

helping laid off workers find other employment.

A business leader seeks input from all levels of the company in a(n) ________ organization.

high-involvement

In a(n) ________ organization, top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading. Multiple Choice

high-involvement

Large-batch technologies are characterized by

higher spans of control.

When unwelcome sexual conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with job performance or creating an intimidating or offensive work atmosphere, it is known as

hostile environment.

According to Herzberg's theory, the two factors that affect people working on their jobs are categorized into

hygiene factors and motivators.

Considering current understanding of employment-at-will, under which of the following conditions is it legal to terminate someone?

if an employee performs adequately at work

Managers usually opt for downsizing only

in response to some kind of pressure.

Among the primary activities in the generic value chain is

inbound logistics.

Human Resources Activities

include recruiting, hiring, training, and compensating employees -Outplacement -Evaluation -Job Satisfaction

autonomy

independence

Horizontal Communication

information shared among people on the same hierarchical level

Raw materials, human resources, energy, equipment, financial resources, and information are ________ for an organization.

inputs

Bringing buyers and sellers together and charging a commission for each sale is known as the _____ model

intermediary

The reward a worker derives directly from performing the job itself is referred to as a(n) _____ reward.

intrinstic

HRM Environmental Scanning

is part of the planning process and includes labor markets, technology, legislation, competition, and economy. -Labor Supply Analysis -External Analysis

unexamined assumptions

it is difficult to see the world in someone else's perfection because our own assumptions and viewpoints seem more right

A company that provides goods or services in very low volume or small batches is called a ________ shop.

job

Authority is defined as the

legitimate right to make decisions and to tell people what to do.

A disadvantage of oral communication is that the

likelihood of spontaneous, ill-considered statements is relatively high. There is no permanent record of a message

Return to question Item 4 Mary Ann hired Ali, who belongs to a minority group, to work in the accounting department because he was highly skillful. However, the other workers resented Ali's presence and excluded him from the work group. Ali had difficulty performing, since he was not given the needed information to work expediently. This is an example of ______, one of the challenges of a diversified workforce.

lower cohesiveness

In a decentralized organization, more of the decisions are made by the

lower levels of the organization.

In organizations that use continuous process technologies,

machines and/or computers do all the work.

Outdoor Adventures, a company that manufactures and markets gear for hiking, camping, and other outdoor activities, has a positive, proactive attitude toward the issue of diversity in the workplace. Not only does it seek to hire and retain a diverse workforce, but it values each employee as an individual, while also celebrating the differences between people. This is an example of

managing diversity.

A narrow span of control is appropriate when

many reporting levels exist.

Easy Rider Motorcycles, which produces and sells its bikes nationwide, has a top-notch design team that often works closely with the customer base. Team members pride themselves on the fact that they are constantly innovating, and they work to shorten the period of time from the earliest sketches to the point when they pass the finished design on to the production team. This is an example of

mass customization

A form of organization that is similar to Max Weber's description of a bureaucracy is a(n) ________ organization.

mechanistic

The type of organization most similar to a bureaucratic structure is a(n) ________ one.

mechanistic

To help minorities and women enter the informal network that provides exposure to top management, many companies have implemented formal ______ programs.

mentoring

When a company prefers to base salaries on performance, in the absence of objective performance measures, it uses a(n) _____, which is based on ratings given by managers.

merit pay system

Among the ways that companies can achieve organizational integration is through coordination by

mutual adjustment.

Managing diversity means

not just tolerating or accommodating all sorts of differences, but supporting, nurturing, and utilizing these differences to the organization's advantage.

According to Deming's 14 points of quality, ________ are contrary to the idea of continuous improvement and must be eliminated.

numerical quotas

lower cohesiveness

people affiliate with like-minded people

According to Maslow's need hierarchy, ____.

people are motivated to satisfy the lower needs before the higher needs

divisional structure

people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions

Instrumentality is the

perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following types of needs does a person seek to satisfy first?

physiological

Like many companies founded in the 1800s, Sunrise Oil Company was once dominated by white males. In the 1960s and 1970s, though, it adapted to changing times and sought to hire a diverse workforce. Today a number of minorities work for Sunrise Oil, but they tend to hold particular types of jobs and be clustered at certain levels within the company. Sunrise Oil is mostly a(n) ______ organization.

pluralistic

Coordination refers to the

procedures that link the various parts of the organization.

In competition, a complement is best described as a(n) Multiple Choice

product that is often used with another product.

Labor supply analysis

projects resource availability from internal and external sources

Administering an aversive consequence is referred to as:

punishment

To cope with high uncertainty and heavy information demands in today's environments, managers can either increase the capacity to handle more information or

reduce the need for information.

Alderfer's ERG theory postulates that people have three basic sets of needs: existence, _____, and growth, which can operate simultaneously.

relatedness

Successfully fostering and managing intrapreneurship requires the company to

reward risk taking.

What is the legislation called that allows employees to work without having to join a union?

right-to-work

Which of the following types of interviews focuses on hypothetical circumstances?

situational interviews

A(n) ________ differs from an entrepreneurial venture in that it is not managed aggressively, and its owners expect normal, moderate levels of sales, profits, and growth.

small business

According to Maslow, _____ needs describe the need for friendship, affection, belonging, and love

social

People are more likely to remember and buy into a message expressed as a simple ______ with unexpected, concrete, and credible elements.

story

The planning level with the longest time horizon is known as ________ planning.

strategic

Which of the following takes place after a firm formulates its strategy?

strategy implementation

A(n) ________ illustrates the four key drivers of a firm's long-term success and shows how goals in each area are linked to others.

strategy map

The Draconian Times requires regular viewers of its online articles to pay a monthly fee to maintain uninterrupted access to its content. This is an example of the _____ model.

subscription

Among the support activities in the generic value chain is

technology development.

Task Significance

the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people

skill variety

the degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that an employee can use a number of different skills and talents

task identity

the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Human Resources Planning

the development of strategies to meet a firm's future human resources needs -job Analysis -Needs Assessment

Which of the following e-commerce business models brings buyers and sellers together and charges a commission for each sale?

the intermediary model

Formalization

the presence of rules and regulations governing how people in the organization interact

Job Analysis

the process of getting detailed information about jobs

lean manufacturing

the production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production

homogeneity

the quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind

A job analysis determines

the skills and knowledge needed for a position.

core capabilities

the skills, processes, and systems that are unique to the firm and that enable it to deliver products that are both valued by the customer and difficult for competitors to imitate

Corporate Governance

the system of governing a company so that the interests of corporate owners and other stakeholders are protected

similarity

the tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group

Parochialism

the tendency to view the world through one's own eyes and perspectives

A wide span of control is best when

the work is clearly defined.

Concurrent engineering, logistics, and just-in-time (JIT) are elements of

time-based competition.

An integrative approach to management that supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through a wide variety of tools and techniques, resulting in high-quality goods and services is

total quality management.

Teaching lower-level employees how to perform their present jobs is referred to as

training.

To understand such issues as reporting relationships, authority, responsibility, and related ideas, we need to begin with the ________ of an organization's structure.

vertical dimension

adverse impact

when a seemingly neutral employment practice has a disproportionately negative effect on a protected group