Principles of Biology Exam

a. active transport.

A bacterium containing sodium ions at a concentration of 0.1 mM lives in a pond that contains sodium ions at 0.005 mM. Evidently, sodium ions are entering the cell by: a. active transport. b. exocytosis. c. diffusion. d. facilitated diffusion. e. osmosis.

DIFFUSION

A bottle of perfume is opened on the opposite side of the room and within minutes you begin to smell the perfume. This phenomenon is a classic example of ___________________.

e. has a variety of membranous organelles.

A eukaryotic cell: a. is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell. b. has its DNA concentrated in one area of the cell without a nuclear membrane. c. typically has a cell wall and glycocalyx, in addition to a plasma membrane. d. is exemplified by bacteria. e. has a variety of membranous organelles.

c. phagocytosis.

A human white blood cell engulfs a bacterial cell by: a. carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion. b. exocytosis. c. phagocytosis. d. pinocytosis. e. the sodium-potassium pump.

c. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

A wilted flower placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect. When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information we can say that the cells of the flower are: a. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. b. hypertonic to both the fresh water and the salt solution. c. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. d. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution. e. isotonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

(c) a fluid phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded

According to the fluid mosaic model, membranes consist of: (a) a lipid-protein sandwich (b) mainly phospholipids with scattered nucleic acids (c) a fluid phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded (d) a fluid phospholipid bilayer in shich carbohydrates are embedded (e) a protein bilayer that behaves as a liquid crystal

c. S phase

Chromosomes are duplicated during __________ of the cell cycle. a. G1 phase b. G2 phase c. S phase d. metaphase e. prophase

a. nucleus

Contains DNA and functions as the "information center" of the cell: a. nucleus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. golgi apparatus e. peroxisomes f. lysosomes g. mitochondria h. chloroplasts i. central vacuole

b. actin plus myosin

Cytokinesis in animal cells involves contraction of a ring of __________ microfilaments. a. tubulin plus actin b. actin plus myosin c. cyclin plus myosin d. keratin plus actin e. cyclin plus actin

e. peroxisomes

Detoxifies the cell using oxidation reactions. Specialized versions of this organelle in plants can convert fats to sugars: a. nucleus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. golgi apparatus e. peroxisomes f. lysosomes g. mitochondria h. chloroplasts i. central vacuole

d. anaphase II

During which of the following stages of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate? a. metaphase I b. anaphase I c. metaphase II d. anaphase II e. telophase II

b. prophase I

During which phase of meiosis does crossing-over occur? a. interphase b. prophase I c. metaphase I d. prophase II e. metaphase II

c. linear DNA molecules complexed with positively charged histone proteins.

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of: a. circular DNA molecules complexed with positively charged nonhistone proteins. b. circular DNA molecules complexed with negatively charged histone proteins. c. linear DNA molecules complexed with positively charged histone proteins. d. linear DNA molecules complexed with negatively charged histone proteins. e. circular DNA molecules.

d. myosin

Filaments of this motor protein are what makes a muscle cell contract: a. microtubules b. actin c. intermediate filaments d. myosin e. cellulose

g. mitochondria

Its main role is to recharge ATP for cells (aka cellular respiration). It has also been shown to have a role in apoptosis. a. nucleus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. golgi apparatus e. peroxisomes f. lysosomes g. mitochondria h. chloroplasts i. central vacuole

CHLOROPLASTS CENTRAL VACUOLE CELL WALL GLYOXISOME

Name four things present in plant cells that are NOT in ANIMAL cells.

GAP JUNCTIONS DESMOSOMES TIGHT JUNCTIONS PLASMODESMATAS

Name the four forms of cell junctions.

A

Nucleosomes are best described as: a. eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins. b. prokaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins. c. eukaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins. d. prokaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins. e. eukaryotic DNA associated with scaffolding proteins.

a. gap junctions

Plasmodesmata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to __________ of animal cells. a. gap junctions b. dermatomes c. tight junctions d. cell surface receptors e. microvillus

APOPTOSIS

Programmed cell death is called

c. intermediate filaments

Provides tensile strength to cells. Has a rope-like arrangement. Found in nails and hair, as well as most epithelial cells: a. microtubules b. actin c. intermediate filaments d. myosin e. cellulose

ZYGOTE FERTILIZATION

The fusion of two gametes is called a ____________ OR _________________.

d. Kinetochores attach to microtubules during mitosis.

The kinetochore serves which of the following functions? a. Kinetochores anchor spindle fibers to the centrioles. b. Kinetochores are the site of DNA synthesis. c. Kinetochores regulate the length of the cell cycle. d. Kinetochores attach to microtubules during mitosis. e. Kinetochores are involved in cytokinesis.

e. exocytosis.

The process illustrated above is called: a. facilitated diffusion. b. pinocytosis. c. cotransport. d. lysis. e. exocytosis.

a. magnification.

The ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object is called: a. magnification. b. resolution. c. resolving power. d. centrifugation. e. fractionation.

OSMOSIS

Water diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low water concentration is called ____________________.

a. microtubules

Hollow tubes of 13 filaments. Runs through the cell like train tracks, allowing for cellular components to be directly shuttled around: a. microtubules b. actin c. intermediate filaments d. myosin e. cellulose

e. the cell is prokaryotic.

If a cell is dividing by binary fission then you know that: a. mitosis has taken place without cytokinesis. b. homologous chromosomes have already paired. c. the cyclin-Cdk complex is no longer phosphorylating enzymes. d. the cell cycle is out of control. e. the cell is prokaryotic.

a. protein synthesis

If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first? a. protein synthesis b. DNA synthesis c. movement d. energy storage e. active transport

a. hypertonic.

If the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be: a. hypertonic. b. hypotonic. c. isotonic. d. stable. e. amphipathic.

e. hydrophobic

In a lipid bilayer, __________ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water. a. hypertonic b. hyperosmotic c. hypotonic d. hydrophilic e. hydrophobic

a. increased genetic diversity

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction? a. increased genetic diversity b. making clones c. making diploidy possible d. making polyploidy possible e. being able to work with chromosomes

d. golgi apparatus

Acts as a sorting station for proteins, intermediate between the ER and the exterior of the cell. Organized in stacks called cisternae: a. nucleus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. golgi apparatus e. peroxisomes f. lysosomes g. mitochondria h. chloroplasts i. central vacuole

c. being freely permeable to all substances.

All of the following are functions of the cell membrane EXCEPT: a. transmitting signals. b. participating in energy transfer. c. being freely permeable to all substances. d. regulating the passage of materials. e. participating in chemical reactions.

b. 18; 36

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have __________ chromosomes in its gametes and __________ chromosomes in its somatic cells. a. 18; 18 b. 18; 36 c. 36; 18 d. 36; 36 e. 36; 72

f. lysosomes

Breaks down biomolecules using powerful digestive enzymes a. nucleus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. golgi apparatus e. peroxisomes f. lysosomes g. mitochondria h. chloroplasts i. central vacuole

c. brings about the selective uptake of materials by enclosing them in membranous vesicles.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis: a. is a passive process. b. involves only membrane transport proteins. c. brings about the selective uptake of materials by enclosing them in membranous vesicles. d. does not require energy. e. is most likely to be found in cells that release large amounts of hormones.

b. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes attach to the surface of this organelle, sending newly made proteins into the lumen to be folded properly: a. nucleus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. golgi apparatus e. peroxisomes f. lysosomes g. mitochondria h. chloroplasts i. central vacuole

b. small nonpolar molecules

Simple diffusion may involve the movement of __________ through the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient. a. small polar molecules b. small nonpolar molecules c. large polar molecules d. large nonpolar molecules e. water

CHLOROPLASTS

Stroma and thylakoids are part of what organelle:

HOOK

The British scientist who first observed cork cells under a microscope in the 17th century was ________

a. interphase

The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of __________ and M phase. a. interphase b. meiosis I c. crossing-over d. meiosis II e. mitosis

KARYOTYPE GENOME

The chromosomal makeup of an individual organism is called a __________________ OR ___________________.

b. It is the movement of lipids and integral proteins within the lipid bilayer.

What is meant by the term "fluid mosaic model"? a. It is the diffusion of lipid-soluble substances through the lipid bilayer. b. It is the movement of lipids and integral proteins within the lipid bilayer. c. It is the solubility of water in the membrane. d. It is the method of substance transport across the membrane. e. It is the movement of surface proteins through the membrane.

FACILITATED TRANSPORT

What specific process is featured in this diagram?

CANCER METASTASIS

When a cell is dividing and spreading throughout the body out of control, it is called _______________ OR _______________.

b. osmosis

Which of the following membrane activities does NOT require the expenditure of energy by the cell? a. active transport b. osmosis c. endocytosis d. exocytosis e. synthesis of more membrane

d. potassium ion

Which of the following molecules is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion? a. carbon dioxide b. nitrogen c. oxygen d. potassium ion e. water

a. prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase

Which of the following represents the overall sequence of events during mitosis? a. prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase b. interphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase c. anaphase - telophase - metaphase - interphase d. interphase - prophase - anaphase - metaphase e. metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase

e. Figure B has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than Figure A

Which of the following statements about the figure above is true? a. Figure B has a greater surface area than Figure A. b. Figure B has a greater volume than Figure A. c. Figure B has a smaller volume than Figure A. d. Figure B has a greater surface area to volume ratio than Figure A e. Figure B has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than Figure A

c. compound light microscope

You want to observe a living 10 nm long protist swimming in pond water. Which of the following is the best microscope for this purpose? a. scanning electron microscope b. transmission electron microscope c. compound light microscope d. atomic force microscope e. The object is large enough that no microscope should be needed

e. Sister chromatids; centromeres

__________ contain identical DNA sequences and are held together by __________ during mitosis. a. Daughter chromosomes; hydrogen bonding b. Daughter chromosomes; ionic bonding c. Sister chromatids; spindle fibers d. Sister chromosomes; histone proteins e. Sister chromatids; centromeres

CENTRIOLES LYSOSOME

____________ OR ___________ are present in animal cells that are NOT in PLANT cells.