Principles of Life 3.3 Study Guide
after a protein is made, what is one of the ways in which I can get to a specific location in a cell
A carbohydrate group is added in the RER that tags of protein for a specific location
which molecule across a cell membrane most easily
A lipid soluble substances such as testosterone
in mitochondria, the energy from food molecules such as glucose that is partially broken down in the cytosol is converted to
ATP
The organelles and biomolecules present and homogenized cells can be separated by centrifugation. which of the following would be found at the top of a centrifugation gradient?
ATP molecules
Chromosomes are a series of entangled threads composed of
DNA and protein
which statement about the nucleus of animal cells is true?
DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins.
what is the difference between free ribosomes and attached ribosomes
Free ribosomes produce polypeptides in the cytosol whereas attached ribosomes produce polypeptides that are inserted into the ER
A muscle cell is placed in culture with an unknown chemical substance. The cell appears able to divide it because it is observed to grow and replicate its internal organelles and nuclei, but it does not form primary cell walls. It appears that the substance has affected the synthesis of the polysaccharides that compose the cell wall. Which organelle has possibly been targeted by the unknown chemical?
Golgi apparatus
ribosomes are not found in or associated with
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is not a function of vacuoles?
Helping to anchor the cell in place
The cytosol
Is composed largely of water and dissolved molecules
muscle cells need large amounts of calcium and ATP for contraction based on these requirements you would expect that muscle cells would have an increased amount of what type of organelles per unit volume
Mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
You would not expect to find RNA in which structure
Mitochondrion
Your skeletal muscle cells use calcium ions to stimulate myself contraction. Do you provide a constant state of contraction, these calcium ions are stored in between contractions and released into the cytoplasm for contraction. The structure is used for storing the calcium ions are
Modifications of smooth ER within the muscle cells
which is the correct order of the series of structures that a macromolecule would encounter after being engulfed by a protist or animal cell and used as an energy source?
Phagosome, secondary lysosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria
ribosomes are made up of
RNA and proteins
which of the following represents the correct size ordering of the structures from smallest to largest
Ribosome, lysosome, mitochondrion, nucleus
you were sent electron micrograph's but the labels fell off That identified them as to sell type. You know that one picture is of cells from the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes the other picture is of Adriel cells that secrete Cortizonesteroid hormones. What clue what you look forward to identify which picture is which
The adrenal cells will have more SER than the pancreas cells
Elysia Chlorotica, a sea slug is an animal that has chloroplasts and it's tissues as an adult but not when it is very young what is the most likely explanation for this?
The animal acquires chloroplasts through it's diet of yellow green algae
If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?
The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down.
if the inner membrane of the mitochondrion were not folded to create cristae
The mitochondrion would not be able to make as much ATP
if you use the stain that was specific for DNA which structure within a cell from an oak leaf would be most likely to take up the stain
The nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria only
some proteins that are on the surface mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by _________and the carbohydrates are added in the ________.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus
steroids such as cholesterol or synthesize by
The smooth ER
which of the following statements about lysosomes is true
They are the sites where autophagy occurs.
When you give a wilted plant water will the shape of a plant cell change?
Yes, they expand but not be on the confines of the cell walls
which of the following is a function of a plant cell vacuole?
a. Storage of toxic by-products and wastes b. Support for the cell c. Containment of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination d. Hydrolysis of seed proteins into plant embryo food
One difference between plant and animal cells is that?
animal cells lack a large central vacuole.
though both plant and animal cells are classified as eukaryotic they do have some differences of the following which denoted a correct pairing of an animal and plant cell structure with one or more overlapping functions?
animal lysosome: plant vacuole
Which organelles are involved in energy conversions?
chloroplasts
You observe a hummingbird taking nectar from the red flowers in your garden. Do you want to figure out where the red pigment of the pedals is located, so you observe a pedal under the microscope. You will most likely find the red pigment in the
chromoplast and vacuoles
Ribosomes are
composed of protein and nucleic acid components.
The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
create a large membrane surface for reactions within the mitochondrion
Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain
digestive enzymes
lysosomes are important to many eukaryotic animal cells because they contain
digestive enzymes
Of the following the __________ which is enclosed in a membrane, has the greatest amount of internal surface area.
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes are the structures in which
genetic information is used to make proteins
which organelle converts stored lipids into carbohydrates in plants
glyoxysome
which organelle(s) is/are found only in plants
glyoxysomes
The rough ER is the portion of the ER that
has ribosomes attached to it
The cell membrane
helps maintain a constant internal environment
Liver cells are exposed to radioactive amino acids, making all proteins synthesized during this time radio active. The sellers are then removed at five minute intervals and fractionated. Where in the cells is the radioactively label enzyme lipase performing it's intra-cellular functions?
in lysosomes
The Endomembrane system
includes the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
A secondary lysosome is a lysosyme that
is a primary light design that has fused with a phagosome
A secondary lysosome
is used to break down macromolecules through hydrolysis
The DNA of mitochondria
is used to make proteins needed for mitochondrial function
autophagy is the control destruction of cell components this process takes place in lysosomes because
it allows for controlled destruction without destroying all components
Certain cells in your pancreas make digestive enzymes that are secreted into ducts and carried to your small intestine. If you looked at these pancreatic cells by electron microscopy, you would expect to see
large amounts of rough ER
which organelle is generated by the Golgi apparatus and contains digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules
lysosome
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
make proteins
mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in that
mitochondria harvest chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy.
And a plant cell, the genes that code for all the proteins found in chloroplasts are located in the
nuclear and chloroplast DNA
In examining a cell using the electron microscope, you see a structure that is composed of two membranes, contains numerous pores, and appears to be connected to a network of membrane-enclosed compartments. The structure you are observing is most likely the
nuclear envelope
The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the
nuclear envelope
if you wanted to stay in the ribosomes in a cell you could use a die that stains
nucleic acid
A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cells activities is the
nucleus
The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the
nucleus
One difference between plant cells and animal cells is that
only animal cells contain centrioles
which organelle contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic byproducts of oxidation
peroxisome
which organelle is generated by the cell membrane and contains macromolecules
phagosome
Chloroplasts are a kind of
plastid
which type of cell structure is found in plants but not in animals?
plastids
Plastids are
present in nearly all plant cells
a function of the nucleolus is to
provide a space for ribosome assembly
The function of the nuclear pores is to
regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane
all cellular membranes
regulate which materials can cross the membrane
The membrane surrounding each organelle
regulates movement into and out of the organelle
which organelle translates mRNA into polypeptides
ribosome
which structure is not involved in the breakdown of macromolecules in most animal cells
ribosome
Polypeptides that are transported in vesicles are first made by
ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
if a cell is making a protein that is then going to be modified and packaged for export out of the cell, what is the order of structures that it will most likely pass through
rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle
Mutant mouse cell line is examined. under normal conditions this cell type excretes the hormone estrogen but it is found that this particular line does not. where should a researcher look to determine if the cells defect is in a hormone excretion or in hormone synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplasts are structures in which
sunlight energy is used to make sugar
You are mature red blood cells like nuclei and mitochondria. This means that the cells most likely can
use ATP but cannot divide
which structure occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell?
vacuole
In this model the balloon most likely represents a ________, the plastic bag represents the ________, and the plastic box represents the ______.
vacuole; cell membrane; cell wall
If you forget to water plotted plant its leaves wilt. A likely reason for this wilting is that
vacuoles lose water, reducing the turgor pressure in the cells