Principles of Life 3.3 Study Guide

after a protein is made, what is one of the ways in which I can get to a specific location in a cell

A carbohydrate group is added in the RER that tags of protein for a specific location

which molecule across a cell membrane most easily

A lipid soluble substances such as testosterone

in mitochondria, the energy from food molecules such as glucose that is partially broken down in the cytosol is converted to

ATP

The organelles and biomolecules present and homogenized cells can be separated by centrifugation. which of the following would be found at the top of a centrifugation gradient?

ATP molecules

Chromosomes are a series of entangled threads composed of

DNA and protein

which statement about the nucleus of animal cells is true?

DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins.

what is the difference between free ribosomes and attached ribosomes

Free ribosomes produce polypeptides in the cytosol whereas attached ribosomes produce polypeptides that are inserted into the ER

A muscle cell is placed in culture with an unknown chemical substance. The cell appears able to divide it because it is observed to grow and replicate its internal organelles and nuclei, but it does not form primary cell walls. It appears that the substance has affected the synthesis of the polysaccharides that compose the cell wall. Which organelle has possibly been targeted by the unknown chemical?

Golgi apparatus

ribosomes are not found in or associated with

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is not a function of vacuoles?

Helping to anchor the cell in place

The cytosol

Is composed largely of water and dissolved molecules

muscle cells need large amounts of calcium and ATP for contraction based on these requirements you would expect that muscle cells would have an increased amount of what type of organelles per unit volume

Mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

You would not expect to find RNA in which structure

Mitochondrion

Your skeletal muscle cells use calcium ions to stimulate myself contraction. Do you provide a constant state of contraction, these calcium ions are stored in between contractions and released into the cytoplasm for contraction. The structure is used for storing the calcium ions are

Modifications of smooth ER within the muscle cells

which is the correct order of the series of structures that a macromolecule would encounter after being engulfed by a protist or animal cell and used as an energy source?

Phagosome, secondary lysosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria

ribosomes are made up of

RNA and proteins

which of the following represents the correct size ordering of the structures from smallest to largest

Ribosome, lysosome, mitochondrion, nucleus

you were sent electron micrograph's but the labels fell off That identified them as to sell type. You know that one picture is of cells from the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes the other picture is of Adriel cells that secrete Cortizonesteroid hormones. What clue what you look forward to identify which picture is which

The adrenal cells will have more SER than the pancreas cells

Elysia Chlorotica, a sea slug is an animal that has chloroplasts and it's tissues as an adult but not when it is very young what is the most likely explanation for this?

The animal acquires chloroplasts through it's diet of yellow green algae

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?

The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down.

if the inner membrane of the mitochondrion were not folded to create cristae

The mitochondrion would not be able to make as much ATP

if you use the stain that was specific for DNA which structure within a cell from an oak leaf would be most likely to take up the stain

The nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria only

some proteins that are on the surface mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by _________and the carbohydrates are added in the ________.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus

steroids such as cholesterol or synthesize by

The smooth ER

which of the following statements about lysosomes is true

They are the sites where autophagy occurs.

When you give a wilted plant water will the shape of a plant cell change?

Yes, they expand but not be on the confines of the cell walls

which of the following is a function of a plant cell vacuole?

a. Storage of toxic by-products and wastes b. Support for the cell c. Containment of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination d. Hydrolysis of seed proteins into plant embryo food

One difference between plant and animal cells is that?

animal cells lack a large central vacuole.

though both plant and animal cells are classified as eukaryotic they do have some differences of the following which denoted a correct pairing of an animal and plant cell structure with one or more overlapping functions?

animal lysosome: plant vacuole

Which organelles are involved in energy conversions?

chloroplasts

You observe a hummingbird taking nectar from the red flowers in your garden. Do you want to figure out where the red pigment of the pedals is located, so you observe a pedal under the microscope. You will most likely find the red pigment in the

chromoplast and vacuoles

Ribosomes are

composed of protein and nucleic acid components.

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

create a large membrane surface for reactions within the mitochondrion

Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

digestive enzymes

lysosomes are important to many eukaryotic animal cells because they contain

digestive enzymes

Of the following the __________ which is enclosed in a membrane, has the greatest amount of internal surface area.

endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes are the structures in which

genetic information is used to make proteins

which organelle converts stored lipids into carbohydrates in plants

glyoxysome

which organelle(s) is/are found only in plants

glyoxysomes

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

has ribosomes attached to it

The cell membrane

helps maintain a constant internal environment

Liver cells are exposed to radioactive amino acids, making all proteins synthesized during this time radio active. The sellers are then removed at five minute intervals and fractionated. Where in the cells is the radioactively label enzyme lipase performing it's intra-cellular functions?

in lysosomes

The Endomembrane system

includes the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.

A secondary lysosome is a lysosyme that

is a primary light design that has fused with a phagosome

A secondary lysosome

is used to break down macromolecules through hydrolysis

The DNA of mitochondria

is used to make proteins needed for mitochondrial function

autophagy is the control destruction of cell components this process takes place in lysosomes because

it allows for controlled destruction without destroying all components

Certain cells in your pancreas make digestive enzymes that are secreted into ducts and carried to your small intestine. If you looked at these pancreatic cells by electron microscopy, you would expect to see

large amounts of rough ER

which organelle is generated by the Golgi apparatus and contains digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules

lysosome

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to

make proteins

mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in that

mitochondria harvest chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy.

And a plant cell, the genes that code for all the proteins found in chloroplasts are located in the

nuclear and chloroplast DNA

In examining a cell using the electron microscope, you see a structure that is composed of two membranes, contains numerous pores, and appears to be connected to a network of membrane-enclosed compartments. The structure you are observing is most likely the

nuclear envelope

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

nuclear envelope

if you wanted to stay in the ribosomes in a cell you could use a die that stains

nucleic acid

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cells activities is the

nucleus

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

nucleus

One difference between plant cells and animal cells is that

only animal cells contain centrioles

which organelle contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic byproducts of oxidation

peroxisome

which organelle is generated by the cell membrane and contains macromolecules

phagosome

Chloroplasts are a kind of

plastid

which type of cell structure is found in plants but not in animals?

plastids

Plastids are

present in nearly all plant cells

a function of the nucleolus is to

provide a space for ribosome assembly

The function of the nuclear pores is to

regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane

all cellular membranes

regulate which materials can cross the membrane

The membrane surrounding each organelle

regulates movement into and out of the organelle

which organelle translates mRNA into polypeptides

ribosome

which structure is not involved in the breakdown of macromolecules in most animal cells

ribosome

Polypeptides that are transported in vesicles are first made by

ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

if a cell is making a protein that is then going to be modified and packaged for export out of the cell, what is the order of structures that it will most likely pass through

rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle

Mutant mouse cell line is examined. under normal conditions this cell type excretes the hormone estrogen but it is found that this particular line does not. where should a researcher look to determine if the cells defect is in a hormone excretion or in hormone synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

chloroplasts are structures in which

sunlight energy is used to make sugar

You are mature red blood cells like nuclei and mitochondria. This means that the cells most likely can

use ATP but cannot divide

which structure occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell?

vacuole

In this model the balloon most likely represents a ________, the plastic bag represents the ________, and the plastic box represents the ______.

vacuole; cell membrane; cell wall

If you forget to water plotted plant its leaves wilt. A likely reason for this wilting is that

vacuoles lose water, reducing the turgor pressure in the cells