Private Pilot Oral Exam BGSU
What are the different classes and categories of aircraft?
-Airplane: Single and Multi. Land and Water -Rotorcraft -Powered Lift -Glider -Lighter than air: Airship -Powered Parachute -Weight shift control
What are some disadvantages of a Carburetor?
-Carb icing -Decrease in RPMs
What are some advantages of a Carburetor?
-Cheaper -Lighter -Simple
Life cycle of a Thunderstorm?
-Cumulus: Developing stage. All updrafts -Mature Stage: Updrafts and downdrafts. Precipitation -Dissipating Stage: Downdrafts, starting to die/rain out.
Advantages of Magnetos?
-Efficient -Redundant
What happens with a Narrow Runway?
-Gives an illusion of greater height -Might fly lower approach
What happens with a Wider Runway?
-Gives an illusion of lower height -Might fly higher approach
What considers a thunderstorm severe?
-Gusts mor than 50 knots -3/4" hail -Tornados
Risks with Thunderstorms?
-Hail -Lighting -Turbulence -Tornados
Affects of forward Center of Gravity?
-Higher Stall Speed -Slower Cruise Speed -More Stable -Greater back elevator pressure
When is Mode C required?
-In classes A, B, and C. -Above 10,000 MSL -Within 30 SM of class B airspace -Above the lateral limits of Class C airspace -Crossing a ADIZ
Airworthiness Directives
-Issued by FAA -Requirements must be complied with -At owners expense
Affects of rearward Center of Gravity?
-Lower Stall Speed -Higher Cruise Speed -Less Stable
What are some disadvantages of Fuel Injected?
-More Complex starting procedures - Vapor Lock - Heavier -More expensive
What are the qualifications to be a Private Pilot?
-Need 3rd class medical -Responsible for any medical condition that may alter ability to fly -Must renew Medical -Must fly VFR -Must get authority for certain airspaces -Maintain awareness
What are some advantages of Fuel Injected?
-No carb Ice -More precise - More Horse Power -More efficient
How is an MEL created?
-Owner creates the list -FAA approves it and issues a letter of authorization -Tail number specific
What are some Left Turning tendency's?
-P-factor -Slipstream -Gyroscopic perception - Torque
What personal documents are you required to have before you fly?
-Pilot Certification -Driver License -Medical Certificate -Log book
What are some Private Pilot Privileges?
-Pilot in charge -You are allowed to fly in and out of all public airports -Allowed to fly at night -Allowed to fly into boarding nations -pro - rata share for cost of aircraft -participate in search and locate missions -Tow gliders
What are the three types of icing?
-Rime ice grows when droplets rapidly freeze when striking an aircraft -Clear ice is supercooled water droplets that form when flying and creates heavy glossy layers of ice -Mixed ice is a combination of both clear and rime
What causes a Thunderstorm?
-Unstable air -Moister -Lifting action -Rising Terrain/frontal boundaries/convection
When does night Begin and End?
1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise
What is the squak code for VFR?
1200
How long do medicals last
1st Class: Over 40-6cm, Under 40-12cm 2nd Class: 12cm 3rd Class: Over 40-24cm, Under 40-60cm
How many satellites does a GPS receiver require to compute its position?
4
What is the squak code for Hijacking?
7500
What is the squak code for lost of comms?
7600
What is the squak code for Emergency?
7700
What is a VORTAC?
A combination of VOR and TACAN in the same facility. Provides course guidance and also distance
What is P-factor?
A differential in thrust production between the upgoing and down going blades of a propeller inducing a left turning tendency for the down sloping blade take a bigger bit out of the air resulting in more thrust
What equipment is required during VFR Night?
ALL VFR DAY Equipment + Fuses Landing light Anti-Collison lights Positioning lights Source of power
What is a Restricted Area? R-1234
Aerial Gunnery, guided missals and artillery fire maybe be active. Need permission to fly through
What is ADM?
Aeronautical Decision Making: a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to determine the best course of action during any given circumstances.
What does ADIZ stand for?
Air Defense Identification Zone
What does Airmet stand for?
Airman's Meteorological Information
What are the 3 types of airmets and what do they mean?
Airmet S - IFR conditions: clouds lower than 1000 AGL or less than 3 SM vis Airmet T - Moderate Turbulence: SRFC winds greater than 30 knots Airmet Z - Moderate Icing: freezing level
How long is an Airmet valid for and who is it significant to?
Airmets are issued and valid every 6 hours and is operational interest to all but significant to small aircraft.
What documents are needed inside the aircraft at all times of flight
Airworthiness Registration - State (1yr) and Federal (3yr) Operation limitation Weight and balance
What is an ADIZ?
An Air Defense Identification Zone is airspace over land or water in which the identification, location, and control of civil aircraft is performed in the interest of national security- covers entire U.S.
What is an Alert Area?
An Alert area could be like high volumes of traffic or parachute jumping. Pilots can fly through alert areas but need to be alert
What is a Special Flight Permit?
An authorization that may be issued for an aircraft that may not currently meet airworthiness requirements, but is safe for a specific flight: Where repairs can be made delivering/exporting production flight testing a new production aircraft evacuating aircraft allow operation of an overweight aircraft
Maintenace Inspections
Annual - 12 cal months - A&P - W/IA VOR - 30 days - vor checkpoints 100 hr - for hire - A&P, can overfly 10hrs GPS - 56 days Altimeter/Pitot static - 24 cal - certified avionics shop Transponder - 24 cal - certified avionics shop ELT - 12 cal / half-life / 1 hour of use
Define runway incursion
Any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
Which aircrafts have the right-of-way?
Ballon Glider Airship Powered parachute Weight shift control Airplane Rotorcraft
What are class G's VFR altitudes and VFR minimums?
Below 1,200 AGL Day - 1 SM CoC Below 1,200 AGL Night - 3 SM 152 Above 1,200 AGL but Below 10,000 MSL Day - 1 SM 152 Above 1,200 AGL but Below 10,000 MSL Night- 3 SM 152 Above 10,000 MSL Day - 5 SM 111 Above 10,000 MSL Night - 5 SM 111
What is Stagnate Hypoxia and how is it caused?
Blood not flowing properly. Excessive G forces can cause this
What is Histotoxic Hypoxia and what can it cause?
Body is unable to use the oxygen given to it. Can cause impaired judgement, blueness to fingertips, headaches, tingling.
Light Gun Signal - What does flashing red and green mean in air and ground?
Both - Exercise extreme caution
What are class A's VFR altitudes and VFR minimums?
Class A starts at FL180 (18,000) and ends at FL600 (60,000). Class A does not allow VFR
What are class B's VFR altitudes and VFR minimums?
Class B starts at SRFC to FL100 (10,000). 3 statue miles and clear of clouds
What are class C's VFR altitudes and VFR minimums?
Class C starts at SRFC to FL040 (4,000). 3 SM 1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
What are class D's VFR altitudes and VFR minimums?
Class D starts at SRFC to 2,500 3 SM 1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
What are the 5 C's of lost procedures?
Climb, Communicate, Confess, Comply, Conserve
What equipment is required during the Day?
Compass Airspeed indicator Altimeter Anti-Collison lights Fuel indicators Flotation device (for HIRE) Oil pressure ind Oil temperature ind Tachometer Manifold pressure Elt Gear position Safety belts
What is CFIT?
Controlled Flight Into Terrain
How much fuel does the FAA require you to have on reserve for day and night flight.
DAY: 30 mins NIGHT: 45 mins SCHOOL: 1 HR both
What is the Blackhole effect?
Dark unlit terrain in front of runway. cause you to fly at an higher approach.
ICING! what does icing do to an aircraft?
Destroys lift, adds weight, Increases drag
DECIDE
Detect Estimate Choose Identify Do Evaluate
What are class E's VFR altitudes and VFR minimums?
Everywhere Class E starts at 1,200 AGL Faded Magenta line Class E starts at 700 AGL Dashed Magenta line Class E starts at SRFC Below 10,000 MSL 3 SM 152 Above 10,000 MSL 5 SM 111
What is hyperventilation? How and what can it cause? What can you do to fix it?
Excessive breathing results in the loss of carbon monoxide in the body. Can be caused by anxiety and it can cause Visual impairment, lightheaded, dizzyness To fix it you can slow the breathing rate and talk loudly.
What is Detonation? and how is it caused?
Explosive and uncontrolled burn of fuel air mixture. It is caused by excessive temps and pressure
Light Gun Signal - What does Flashing Green mean in air and ground?
Ground - Cleared for taxi Air - return for landing (to be followed by steady green)
Light Gun Signal - What does flashing white mean on ground?
Ground - Return to starting point on airport
Light Gun Signal - What does steady red mean in air and ground?
Ground - STOP Air - Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
Light Gun Signal - What does flashing red mean in air and ground?
Ground - Stay clear, runway in use Air - Airport unsafe do not land
Light Gun Signal - What does steady green mean in air and ground?
Ground - cleared for takeoff Air - Cleared to land
What is Hypoxic Hypoxia and how is it casued?
Hypoxic Hypoxia is hypoxia as a result of thin air, or hypoxia from high altitude.
What is a way you can tell if you as a pilot is safe and ready to fly?
IMSAFE Illness Medication Stress - Acute or Chronic Alcohol - 8hrs >.04% BAC , 12hrs 0% BAC Fatigue - Acute or Chronic Emotions and Eating
When is ADS-B required?
In classes A,B, and C airspaces
What happens with down sloping runway?
Might fly higher approach
What happens with an upsloping runway?
Might fly low approach
What is an MOA?
Military Operating Area; can fly through but can only go through VFR when MOA is cold.
What is an MEL?
Minimum equipment list. A list of things in the aircraft that can be inoperative but still allow the plane to be airworthy.
False Horizon
Mistaking the actual horizon with: a sloping cloud formation, an obscured horizon, a dark scene spread with ground lights and stars.
NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board: US Government Agency that is responsible for investigating all transportation-related incidents.
What is a NOTAM?
Notice to Airmen - it is time critical information that is not known in advance enough to be published on an aeronautical chart.
What are the 3 P's
Perceive, Process, Perform
PAVE
Pilot Aircraft enVironment External Pressures
What are the 5 P's
Pilot Passengers Plane Programming Plan
What is Middle ear? What can it cause?
Pressure within the middle ear differs with the outside air, pain within the middle ear and a loss in hearing can occur
Service Bulletin
Recommended maintenance information from the manufacturer regarding flight safety which may be mandatory or not.
RAIIM
Resignation: "whats the use"-"I can make a diff" Anti-authority: "Dont tell me"-"follow the rules" Impulsivity: "Do it quickly"-"Not so fast think first" Invulnerability: "It wont happen to me"-"It could" Macho: "I can do that"-"Taking chances is foolish"
How do you recover from a spin?
Rudder full opposite Elevator full forward Ailerons neutral Power idle
When is a Sigmet Issued?
Severe Icing, severe or extreme turbulence, dust storms, sand storms, volcanic ash, VIS less than 3 SM
What is a Sigmet? and how long is it valid for?
Significant Meteorological Information Valid for 4 hrs. (6 hrs. for hurricanes)
What is a Microburst?
Small scale intense downdrafts from T-storms that, on reaching the surface, spread outward in all directions
What is wind Shear?
Sudden change in wind speed/direction/or height
What is a Warning area?
The area on the US coastline starting 3 miles out from the coast.
When and how long is a Convective sigmet issued?
Valid 2 hrs. Implies severe or greater turbulence, severe icing, Low level wind shear, greater than 50 knots, any type of thunderstorm
What is a VOR?
Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range. used for tracking aircraft and giving location info
What is Autokinesis?
When a pilot sees a light in a low light environment after a few seconds the light may appear to be moving when it is actually stationary
when are wing tip vortices greatest?
When lift is being created. Strongest when Heavy, Clean, Slow
What is Hypimic Hypoxia and what can it cause?
When the blood loses the ability to pick up and transport oxygen in the blood system. lack of oxygen in the blood. Can cause sever bleeding withing in the body
What does WAAS stand for? and what does it do?
Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS monitors GPS signals
Anatomy of the EYE? cones/rods?
You see through cornea to the leans then transferred to the retina then to the cones and rods You use the rods at night and your cones during the day Cones= color and detail Rods= motion and night vision
What is Hypoxia and what can it cause?
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues which can lead to impaired judgement
What is preignition? and how is it casued?
fuel/air mix ignites too early, caused by hot spots/carbon on spark plugs or damage in the cylinder .
What is the Eustachian tube?
the tube that connects the middle ear cavity with the throat
