Programming Logic and Design, Chapters 7-13 & 15
Properties
By specifying characteristics such as color, size, and location, __________ determine how a GUI element appears on the screen.
Two-dimensional arrays
An array with both rows and columns of values; you must use two subscripts when you access an element in it.
Component
An item that appears in a program's graphical user interface is known as a(n) __________.
Internal name
Analyze the pseudocode. Declare OutputFile customerFile "customerFile" indicates the ________.
Mode
Analyze the pseudocode. Declare OutputFile customerFile The word "OutputFile" indicates the ________.
Runtime
Array bounds checking typically happens at ________.
Three-dimensional arrays
Arrays in which each element is accessed using three subscripts
Command line interface
Before GUIs became popular, the __________ was the most commonly used.
Opened
Before a file can be used by a program, it must be ________.
End the program
If a menu-driven program uses a loop to redisplay the menu after a selected operation has been performed, the menu should probably have an item that the user can select to __________.
Descending
If an array is sorted in this order, the values are stored from highest to lowest.
Ascending
If an array is sorted in this order, the values are stored from lowest to highest.
delete(str, 3, 6)
If the str variable contains the string "Redmond", which pseudocode statement changes its contents to "Red"?
insert(str, 0, "black")
If the str variable contains the string "berry", which pseudocode statement changes its contents to "blackberry"?
Input validation
In the process of ________, if the input is invalid, the program should discard it and prompt the user to enter the correct data.
Selection sort
In this algorithm, the smallest value in the array is located and moved to element 0. Then the next smallest value is located and moved to element 1. This process continues until all of the elements have been placed in their proper order.
Depth of recursion
The number of times that a module calls itself is known as the __________.
Base case
The part of a problem that can be solved without recursion is the __________.
Recursive case
The part of a problem that is solved with recursion is the __________.
Initialization list
The series of values inside the braces and separated with commas is the ________.
Insertion sort
This algorithm begins by sorting the first two elements of the array, which become a sorted subset. Then the third element is moved to its correct position relative to the first two elements. At that point, the first three elements become the sorted subset. This process continues with the fourth and subsequent elements until the entire array is sorted.
Bubble sort
This algorithm makes several passes through an array and causes the larger values to gradually move toward the end of the array with each pass.
Sequential search
This algorithm uses a loop to step through each element of an array, starting with the first element, searching for a value.
Size declarator
This appears in an array declaration and specifies the number of elements in the array.
Subscript
This is a number that identifies a storage location in an array.
True
True/False. A recursive algorithm must reduce the problem to a smaller version of the original problem in the recursive case.
False
True/False. A recursive algorithm must solve the problem with recursion in the base case.
True
True/False. Any algorithm that can be coded with recursion can also be coded with a loop.
True
True/False. If a menu-driven program does not use a loop to redisplay the menu after each operation, the user will have to rerun the program to select another operation from the menu.
True
True/False. In most cases, a menu-driven program should be modularized.
True
True/False. In most programming languages, when you use a subscript or other mechanism to access an individual character position within a string, that character position must already exist or an error will occur.
False
True/False. It is not usually necessary to validate the user's menu selection.
True
True/False. It's best to use a priming read instead of a posttest loop because a posttest loop does not display an error message when the user enters an invalid value.
True
True/False. The EOF marker's purpose is to indicate where the file's contents end.
False
True/False. The EOF marker's purpose is to separate the different items that are stored in a file.
False
True/False. The delimiter's purpose is to indicate where the file's contents end.
True
True/False. The delimiter's purpose is to separate the different items that are stored in a file.
False
True/False. The priming read appears inside the validation loop.
False
True/False. Writing data to a disk is faster than writing data to memory.
False
True/False. You can access an uninitialized variable.
False
True/False. You cannot use nested If-Then-Else statements to perform the action selected by the user from a menu.
True
True/False. You typically have to declare both the mode in which you will use the file and internal name before you can work with the file.
n/2
Typically, for an array of n items, the sequential search will locate an item in ________ attempts.
Error traps
Validation loops are also known as ________.
Open the file-process the file-close the file
What are the three steps that must be taken when a file is used by a program?
Garbage In, Garbage Out
What does GIGO stand for?
An error will occur.
What will the following pseudocode result in? Declare String name = "Sall" Set name[4] = "y"
Append
When a file is opened in ________ mode, data will be written at the end of the file's existing contents.
Direct recursion
When a module explicitly calls itself it is called __________.
Close the file
When a program is finished using a file, it should ________.
Indirect recursion
When module A calls module B, which calls module A, it is called __________.
Decision
When the user selects an item from a menu, the program must use a(n) __________ structure to perform an action based on that selection.
Submenu
When the user selects an item from a multiple-level menu, a(n) __________ might be displayed next.
Single-level menu
When the user selects an operation from a(n) __________, the program immediately performs that operation and then the program redisplays the menu (or the program ends if it does not use a loop to redisplay the menu).
Multiple-level menu
When the user selects an operation from a(n) __________, the program might display another menu.
Sequential access
When working with a(n) ________ file, you access its data from the beginning of the file to the end of the file.
Direct access
When working with a(n) ________ file, you can jump directly to any piece of data in the file without reading the data that come before it.
Output
When you open a(n) ________ file you are creating the file on the disk.
Cookie
When you visit a Web page, the browser stores a ________ on your computer.
Display str[0]
Which pseudocode statement displays the first character in the String variable str?
Display str[length(str) - 1]
Which pseudocode statement displays the last character in the String variable str?
Rows and columns
You typically think of a two-dimensional array as containing ________.
Filename extensions
________ are short sequences of characters that appear at the end of a filename preceded by a period.
Control break logic
________ interrupts a program's regular processing to perform a different action when a control variable's value changes or the variable acquires a specific value. After the action is complete, the program's regular processing resumes.
Defensive programming
________ is the practice of anticipating errors that can happen while a program is running, and designing the program to avoid those errors.
Empty input
________ is the reading when an input operation attempts to read data, but there is no data to read.
Control-break programming
________ means that the program performs some ongoing task, but temporarily interrupts the task when a control variable changes its value. When this happens, some other action is performed and then the program resumes its ongoing task.
Off-by-one error
________ occurs when a loop iterates one time too many or one time too few.
Garbage In, Garbage Out
________ refers to the fact that computers cannot tell the difference between good data and bad data.
The Towers of Hanoi
__________ is a mathematical game that is often used in computer science textbooks to illustrate the power of recursion.
Binary
A ________ file contains data that has not been converted to text.
Input
A file that data is read from is known as a(n) ________ file.
Output
A file that data is written to is known as a(n) ________ file.
4
A module is called once from a program's main module, and then it calls itself four times. The depth of recursion is __________.
Recursive module
A module that calls itself is known as a(n) __________.
Array
A named storage location in memory that can hold a group of values and is specifically designed for storing and processing lists of data.
Main menu
A program that uses a multiple-level menu displays the __________ when it starts.
Sequential sort
A sorting algorithm that typically uses nested loops and requires approximately n^2 comparisons to sort n elements.
GUI
A type of program that is typically event-driven is the __________ program.
File specification document
A(n) ________ describes the fields that are stored in a particular file, including their data types.
EOF marker
A(n) ________ is a character or set of characters that marks the end of a file.
Delimiter
A(n) ________ is a character or set of characters that marks the end of a piece of data.
Record
A(n) ________ is a complete set of data that describes one item.
Print spacing chart
A(n) ________ is a sheet of paper that has a grid, similar to graph paper.
Field
A(n) ________ is a single piece of data within a record.
Buffer
A(n) ________ is a small "holding section" in memory that many systems write data to before writing the data to a file.
Menu
A(n) __________ is a list of operations displayed on the screen that the user may choose from.
Event handler
A(n) __________ is a module that automatically executes when a specific event occurs.
Dialog box
A(n) __________ is a small window that displays information and allows the user to perform actions.
Event
A(n) __________ is an action that takes place within a program, such as the clicking of a button.
Case
A(n) __________ structure is often the easiest and most straightforward decision structure to use in a menu-driven program. Note: Other approaches can be taken as an alternative.
Overhead
Actions taken by the computer when a module is called, such as allocating memory for parameters and local variables, are referred to as __________.
Bounds checking
Many programming languages perform this, which means they do not allow a program to use an invalid array subscript.
Sequential search algorithm
Search algorithm to find a value in a list that consists of checking every one of its elements, one at a time and in sequence, until the desired one is found.
Priming read
The ________ is the first input operation that appears before the validation loop.
Read position
The ________ marks the location of the next item that will be read from a file.
GUI
The __________ allows the user to interact with the operating system through graphical elements on the screen.
User interface
The __________ is the part of a computer with which the user interacts.
n/2
The average number of comparisons performed by the sequential search algorithm on an array of n elements is ________.
Text
The contents of a(n) ________ file can be viewed in an editor such as Notepad.
Numbers sub zero
The expression "numbers[0]" is pronounced ________.
eof(myFile) == False
The expression NOT eof(myFile) is equivalent to ________.
Input
The integrity of a program's output is only as good as the integrity of the program's ________.
n
The maximum number of comparisons performed by the sequential search algorithm on an array of n elements is ________.
Element
This is an individual storage location in an array.
0
This is typically the first subscript in an array.
The size of the array minus one
This is typically the last subscript in an array.
Sequential search
This search algorithm is adequate for small arrays but not large arrays.
Binary search
This search algorithm repeatedly divides the portion of an array being searched in half.
Binary search
This search algorithm requires that the array's contents be sorted.
Sequential search
This search algorithm steps sequentially through an array, comparing each item with the search value.
Parallel arrays
This term describes two or more arrays that hold related data, and the related elements in each array are accessed with a common subscript.
Sorting algorithm
This type of algorithm rearranges the values stored in an array in some particular order.
Accumulator variable
To calculate the total of the values in an array, you use a loop with an ________.
Named constants
To make programs easier to maintain, many programmers use these to specify the size of an array.