PS103 Chapter 5 Review

Why was the court case Plessy v. Ferguson important?

it established the idea of separate but equal

As outlined in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from the Birmingham Jail", what was one of the key parts of civil rights protests in the South in the early 1960's?

nonviolence

When it comes to the criminal justice system, blacks are

More likely than whites to be convicted of the same crime and serve longer sentences once convicted.

Which group formally received the right to vote in 1924?

Native Americans

While court rulings on affirmative action have left substantial grey areas, which of the following best summarizes the current legality of affirmative action in college and university admissions decisions?

Race may be one of several factors in a holistic approach to determining admissions.

NAACP litigation leading up to Brown v. Board of Education challenged and weakened the __________ doctrine.

Separate but Equal

What did the Separate but Equal doctrine do?

permitted a system of segregated social facilities

Cases involving gender discrimination fall under which legal test?

intermediate scrutiny

What is the geographic relationship between poverty and minority population?

the poverty rate is higher in areas that have higher concentrations of minorities

How has the Supreme Court ruled on attempts to establish English as the official language in several states?

they have upheld such attempts

Why was the Brown v. Board of Education case filed?

to challenge the separate but equal doctrine

Which of the following amendments provides the most substantial grounding for modern civil rights legislation?

14th amendment

In _________________, the Supreme Court ruled that homosexual behavior was not protected by the Constitution, but overruled this decision nearly twenty years later.

Bowers v. Hardwick

Which case ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education

____________ immigrants have faced discriminatory practices since the California gold rush and the transcontinental railroad.

Chinese

What act prevented Chinese immigrants already in the United States from becoming citizens and halted almost all immigration from China?

Chinese Exclusion Act

As a condition of admitting California to the United States as a free state, representatives from southern states demanded Congress pass what law?

The Fugitive Slave Act

In the landmark decision _____________, the Court ruled that rigid racial quotas were unconstitutional but allowed race to be a "plus factor" used in admissions decisions.

University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978)

Jim Crow laws were passed ___________ the civil war, leading to complete ___________ of the races.

after; segregation

Imagine two government actions. The first is a Supreme Court ruling that the government cannot prevent someone from sending out pamphlets protesting a war. The second is a part of the bureaucracy that reviews complaints about racial and gender discrimination of employers. The first example deals primarily with ______, while the second is more about ______.

civil liberties; civil rights

Under the strict scrutiny standard, a law that discriminates based on race must be shown to serve some _____ in order to be upheld.

compelling state interest

Segregation that exists because of circumstances that occur outside the law is called ____________ segregation.

de facto

The ____________ holds that discrimination exists if a practice has a negative effect on a specific group, whether or not this effect was intentional.

disparate impact standard

Some civil liberties are rooted in the ___________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; the grounding for civil rights is found in the ______________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

due process; equal protection