The Homefront wwII

What was a victory garden?

A victory garden was a garden planted by average civilians. These gardens were encouraged during WWII to have the regular people be able to produce their own food and have much of the commercial food rationed for the troops fighting overseas.

Japanese Internment

All Japanese-Americans on the West Coast. Most (⅔) were American citizens born on American soil (Nisei Japanese). 120,000 were imprisoned until 1945.

Rationing

Families received a fixed amount of a certain item. Necessary because the armed forces needed certain materials that Americans would take for granted and became scarce. In other words, rationing existed to stop Americans from wasting food and other goods. OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION limits the availability of essential items. (meat, sugar, coffee, canned foods, fuel, nylons, & shoes)

Executive Order 9066

Issued by President FDR in 1942. Creates 10 military camps in the west like Manzanar. Japanese Americans relocated to internment camps.

Why did Japan attack Pacific locations after Pearl Harbor?

Japan wanted to do as much damage as possible in as little time as possible. Not just to the United States, but also to Taiwan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Malaysia.

Why were 120,000 Japanese-Americans sent to internment camps?

Japanese were seen as a threat against America, whether they were born in the US or not. Japanese were seen as the enemy and suffered being singled out and treated poorly.

What were conditions like in the internment camps?

Japanese-Americans were under constant surveillance by armed US troops. The barracks were uncleanly, crowded, and had torturous living conditions. The entire living area was surrounded by barbed wire. The cafeteria food served styles for both the Issei and the Nisei.

The Zoot Suit Riots

Los Angeles in June 1942. Wool among goods rationed during wartime. The War Production Board bans "zoot suits". Baggy "zoot suits" were popular among young Latino men. Clashes begin between stationed servicemen & Latinos. Explodes into riots in LA and other cities.

How many Japanese-Americans were arrested or convicted of espionage during World War II?

None of them were arrested or convicted of espionage. This proves that the camp was unnecessary and cruel punishment without any real causation.

War Production Board

Oversees transition to a wartime economy. "Rosie the Riveter" symbolizes female workers.

Propaganda

Promotes conservation. Buying of war bonds. Any message to keep Americans focused on the war effort.

African Americans

Serve in segregated units. Face continued discrimination. Begin the Double V campaign for victory abroad & at home.

War Bonds

Sold by the government to finance the war. Allows Americans to show support for the war effort. Helps control inflation.

What was the WPB?

The War Production Board (WPB) was in charge of producing supplies for the US army like planes, tanks, weapons, and parachutes. They also displayed posters with catchy slogans reminding the public about the need to increase production. The Purpose of WPB was to produce as much war supplies as possible so that there were no supply issues.

How, and for what, did Pearl Harbor unite Americans?

The attack on Pearl Harbor left American politicians no other option but to come together and make a quick decision on what to do in response. The point in uniting after the attack on Pearl Harbor was for the American politicians and the government to declare and join WW2 to combat the aggression of Japanese forces.

When the camps closed in 1945, what did the government provide to each detainee?

The government provided each detainee with $25 and a train ticket

Why is the USS Arizona a memorial today?

Today, the USS Arizona serves as a memorial to the 2,403 people who died at Pearl Harbor. The USS Arizona suffered the most losses, with 1,300 killed.

How did minorities' roles change during World War II?

WWII created more job opportunities for minorities and more than one million African Americans worked in the defense industries at the time of the war. This also meant that over one million African Americans migrated from the South to support the war effort. Native Americans left their reservations to join the country's war industries and Hispanics supported the farm industry. The minority groups (African Americans, Natives, Hispanics) all faced a large amount of prejudice despite the fact that they were aiding in the war effort.

What types of jobs did women have during World War II?

Women worked in munition factories, shipyards, and offices during WWII.

Who was "Rosie the Riveter"?

"Rosie the Riveter" is the picture of a strong woman hard at work at an arms factory, a symbol representing women working hard during times of war.

LINDBERGH'S VIEWPOINT

-Does not think the US should enter the war unless they are 100% confident that they will win. Right now, they are in no shape to be declaring war. -The US would not be able to successfully bring over troops because there is nowhere for them to invade. -He believes that if we hold still and concentrate on building up the strength of the nation, no one will want to declare war on us in the future.

ROOSEVELT'S VIEWPOINT

-Nazi forces seek destruction of our government systems, so he believes we need to stand our ground. -He believes that if we went in full swing, and brought every instrument we can spare, the US can prove that dictatorship cannot win. -He believes that America has the power and economy to supply all the necessary materials for war to make it possible--ex: planes, food, tanks, ammunition...