PSY 101 Ch. 9: Motivation and Emotion

Blythe had a large breakfast in the late morning. Even though she was planning to skip lunch, she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat. The fact that Blythe wants to eat at her normal lunchtime even though she ate a late breakfast can be best explained by a) classical conditioning. b) homeostatic adjustment. c) poor self-regulation. d) low self-efficacy.

a) classical conditioning.

Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles, but she forgot to bring water with her. Soon, she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst. Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming's behavior in this situation? a) drive reduction b) incentive c) optimal arousal d) the pleasure principle

a) drive reduction

Linda is feeling shaky, her heart is racing, and her mouth is dry. She attributes these symptoms to the fact that she has a big presentation in five minutes and she is nervous. Which theory of emotion best explains Linda's experience? a) James-Lange b) Schacter-Singer two-factor c) Cannon-Bard d) misattribution

b) Schacter-Singer two-factor

Research has show that social isolation increases the risk of illness by the same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. This finding supports the idea that the need for ________ is a fundamental adaptive motive. a) actualization b) belonging c) efficacy d) affiliation

b) belonging

Kirsten and Dustin have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they are feeling extra excitement from finishing their trail and suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. This effect is most likely due to a) physiological arousal. b) excitation transfer. c) reappraisal. d) emotion labeling.

b) excitation transfer.

Ekman and colleagues found that several emotions are common to people around the world, including all of the following EXCEPT a) fear. b) guilt. c) sadness. d) disgust.

b) guilt.

One day, Bill surprises his friend Ted by jumping out from behind a tree. Ted is startled and falls backward, hitting his head on a rock. The next day, Ted cannot stop eating and eats as much food as possible. Ted may have damaged the part of his brain called the a) amygdala b) hypothalamus c) frontal lobe d) hippocampus

b) hypothalamus

The final project for your class is due in a few days. You ask a classmate how his project is going. He tells you that he has not started, because no matter how hard he tries, he can never get a good grade. Based on this statement, it is likely that your classmate a) is low in achievement motivation. b) is high in achievement motivation. c) has low-efficacy. d) has high self-efficacy.

c) has low-efficacy.

Janelle knows that motivational states are directive, meaning that they a) call attention to important goals. b) activate us to do something. c) help guide behaviors that satisfy our needs. d) determine a pattern of physiological activation.

c) help guide behaviors that satisfy our needs.

Sandra is a nutritionist who knows that long-term regulation of body fat primarily involves the hormone called a) glucose. b) ghrelin. c) leptin. d) insulin.

c) leptin.

Troy finds it very hard to lose weight. No matter how often he exercises, he keeps gaining weight instead of losing it. He thinks that he has a genetic predisposition to be overweight, which has most likely made him sensitive to the hunger-promoting effects of a) ghrelin. b) leptin. c) the hypothalamus. d) the gustatory cortex.

a) ghrelin.

John really wants to become a doctor. He continues working toward his goal, despite the fact that he has trouble with the course work and has difficulty getting admitted to college and paying for his education. John's willingness to keep working toward his goal, despite the setbacks, is an indication that John has a) grit. b) external motivation. c) internal motivation. d) natural talent.

a) grit.

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking a) motivation. b) emotion. c) self-actualization. d) homeostasis.

a) motivation.

Ross is explaining the different theories of emotion to his younger brother. When describing the Schacter-Singer two-factor theory, he explains that a situation causes a a) physiological response that is followed by a cognitive label. b) cognitive label and the physiological response follows. c) physiological label that is followed by a physiological response. d) physiological response that is followed by a physiological label.

a) physiological response that is followed by a cognitive label.

When explaining the purpose of homeostasis, Dr. Murphy would most likely suggest that it a) generates a drive to satisfy a need. b) stabilizes conditions in the body. c) creates a state of arousal. d) uses incentives to reduce drives.

b) stabilizes conditions in the body.

Tara is shooting hockey pucks into a net. If she has a low need for achievement, she will probably take ______ practice shots. a) moderately difficult b) very easy c) no d) many

b) very easy

Your siblings are arguing about who will be more successful in school. Your brother says that he will, because he has more natural talent and intelligence. Your sister thinks that she will, because she has more grit. You decide to settle the argument by telling them the latest research finding on whether natural talent or grit is more important in predicting success. What should you tell them? a) Intelligence is a better predictor than grit for educational attainment. b) Grit is only important in achieving short-term, but not long-term, goals. c) Intelligence is only important in achieving long-term, but not short-term, goals. d) Grit is better predictor than intelligence for educational attainment.

d) Grit is better predictor than intelligence for educational attainment.

John is hanging out with a group of friends. According to the need to belong, which friend will pay the most attention to social information? a) Nate, who is outgoing and has many friends b) Suzanne, who is shy but has a close group of friends c) Akon, who belongs to many social groups d) Jacob, who is shy and does not know very many people

d) Jacob, who is shy and does not know very many people

When he misses lunch, August knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency. Pretty soon, he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat. August was motivated to eat because he experienced the psychological state called a(n) ________, which will reduce his state of deficiency. a) goal b) incentive c) need d) drive

d) drive

Jie recently got out of a bad relationship. While she is excited to be single again, she is not sure how she will move forward on her own. Jie's uncertainty is making a subjective evaluation about her current situation means she is struggling with a) arousal. b) attitude. c) motivation. d) emotion.

d) emotion.

At a potluck, everyone brings his or her favorite dish to share. Gavin decides to avoid the foods he has never heard of before and instead eats only the macaroni and cheese he brought to the party. In this example, Gavin eating food he prepared himself suggests that he is most influenced by a) satiety cues. b) conditioning. c) the limbic system. d) familiarity.

d) familiarity.

Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses, the hungrier she feels. This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________, which triggers feelings of hunger. a) insulin b) leptin c) glucose d) ghrelin

d) ghrelin

You are training for a marathon. You spend all your extra time conditioning and practicing, because you know that the more effort you in, the more likely you are to succeed. Based on this, it is likely that you have a) low intrinsic motivation. b) high intrinsic motivation. c) low self-efficacy. d) high self-efficacy.

d) high self-efficacy.

Makenna is starting her first job as a teacher. To effectively motivate her students, Makenna should a) set goals that are easy to meet so she can reward her students often. b) not set goals for them because they should be intrinsically motivated. c) allow each student to set his or her own goals so that everyone is likely to succeed. d) set challenging and specific goals that are not too difficult or too easy, to encourage persistence and concentration during lessons.

d) set challenging and specific goals that are not too difficult or too easy, to encourage persistence and concentration during lessons.

When re-creating Mischel's famous marshmallow delay-of-gratification study, Art finds that children who successfully wait to eat the marshmallow are LEAST likely to a) focus on a painting on the wall. b) play with another toy. c) sing a song. d) stare at the marshmallow.

d) stare at the marshmallow.