Psy 101 - Chapter 12 Social Psychology

Diffusion of responsibility contributes to ...

*not helping others when they are in need of help. *social loafing. *impaired performance in groups. all of the above

Sometimes people who observe others in need do not help them because

*they don't know what to do. *they think someone else will help. *they don't think it's an emergency. all of these

When you see a classmate in class or at a study session, he is always very friendly towards you. However, when you run into him at an upscale party, he acts as if he does not know you. Since you know he is a friendly person, you are most likely to attribute your classmate's behavior to

situational attributions.

An attitude toward a group that leads people to evaluate members of that group negatively is known as ...

prejudice

In collectivist cultures which stress interdependence, people are likely to attribute each other's behaviors to...

social roles and obligations.

Attitudes that are based on over-generalizations that can be positive or negative are called ____.

stereotypes

The tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional factors and our own behavior to situational influences is known as...

the actor-observer effect.

In the Asch study, what percentage of the subjects went along with the majority's wrong answer at least once?

75%

____ conducted a series of experiments to find out how many people would resist immoral requests made by authority figures.

Stanley Milgram

When we try to persuade others by getting them to think carefully about the evidence, we are using the ____ route to attitude change.

Central

The tendency to assume that others act mainly on the basis of their dispositions (e.g., personality traits) is the...

Fundamental Attribution Error

In the elaboration likelihood model, two types of persuasive communications can be used. These are the central route and the ____ route.

Peripheral

When a famous movie star endorses a cosmetic, advertisers are using a ____ to persuade customers to buy their product.

Peripheral route

Which of the following utilizes the central route to attitude change?

a commercial for a lawnmower emphasizing its power and various cutting abilities.

The selfless concern for the welfare of others is known as ...

altruism.

When we make assumptions about why people do the things they do we are making ____.

an attribution

The Festinger and Carlsmith study (1959) in which some people were given one dollar, and others were given twenty dollars for describing a chore as interesting when it was in fact not, was a study in ____.

cognitive dissonance

Lisa has been invited to a party. Immediately after receiving the invitation, she meets with a group of friends to discuss what they plan to wear to the party. Lisa then makes the decision on what she will wear. Lisa's party dressing behavior demonstrates ...

conformity

A landlord has an apartment to rent. Even though it is vacant, when two college students come to inquire the landlord informs them that the apartment has already been rented. This is because of his belief that college students throw wild parties and destroy property. The landlord's behavior of refusal is an example of ____.

discrimination

Diema is standing in line in school. While he isn't looking, another boy steps on Diema's toe. Diema believes the other boy stepped on his toe because that boy is mean, stupid, and probably wanted to step on him. Diema is making a ____ attribution.

dispositional

Conforming to the outright commands of another is called...

obedience.

Ihor has been in the Army for almost two years. He has gone through boot camp, learned drill, and now is able to do much automatically and without hesitation when commanded to do so. He is likely to risk his life when ordered to. This process is a good example of ____ applied to obedience.

the foot-in-the-door technique

Tim feels that he has worked very hard to get his promotion. However when his last sales pitch did not end up in a sale he attributed the failure to the fact that the company he was "pitching to" was having financial difficulties. Tim's behavior is an illustration of ____.

the self-serving bias

You observe two strangers in a heated argument that results in a physical fight. You will most likely assume...

they are very aggressive individuals

You are passing an accident on the road. You are more likely to get involved or at least make a call for help if ...

you are the first one on the scene.