PSY 101 Exam 4

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?

Extinction

True or False? An unconditioned response and a conditioned response are the SAME thing.

False

True or False? Bandura's Observational Learning Theory posits that we are innately evil and prone to violence.

False

True or False? Discrimination is when you cannot distinguish between two stimuli and similar reactions occur.

False

True or False? Extinction is when a behavior reemerges after it was not present for a period of time.

False

True or False? Learning does not involve any change brought on by experience.

False

True or False? Stimulus Generalization occurs between a spider and anything that may look like a spider.

False

True or False? Timing does not matter related to either operant or classical conditioning.

False

True or false? Punishment and reinforcement are similar in that they weaken behaviors.

False

True or False? Insight Theory suggests that only certain organisms are capable of using tools to learn.

True

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

a fixed ratio schedule

During summer camp, campers get a sticker each time they demonstrate good sportsmanship. When they have earned 10 stickers, they may select a candy bar. This represents an example of

a token economy

For Little Albert, his fear of ________ was interpreted as an instance of ________.

a white laboratory rate; operant conditioning

A congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, D.C. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologists is most relevant to their discussions? a. Bandura b. Tolman c. Skinner d. Pavlov e. Garcia

a. Bandura

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate? a. Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion. b. Pavlov was elated when his student first noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food. c. Pavlov continued his Nobel prize--winning research on digestion after documenting the condition. d. Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dog's feelings toward the food. e. Pavlov wanted to be a psychologist very badly, which is why he did research that influenced the field of psychology.

a. Pavlov was studying salvation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion.

Which of the following statements about learning is not true? a. learning is another word for maturation b. learning is a lasting condition d. learning involves changes in behavior e. learning involves changes in mental processes

a. learning is another word for maturation

The descriptors positive and negative, when used in reference to reinforcers, are synonyms for

add and remove

The similarity of positive reinforcement and positive punishment is that each involve

adding a stimulus

In the context of classical conditioning, which of the following components elicits a response? a. UCR b. UCS c. CER d. CSR e. NR

b. UCS

The fact that food aversions are _________ poses a problem for classical conditioning theory. a. hard to measure b. not consistent c. learned through observation d. generalizable e. not entirely learned

b. not consistent

Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned up everything up for him. Which of the following statements is probably true? a. Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog. b. Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog. c. Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog. d. Bill will never bathe the dog again. c. Bill's wife will never bathe the dog again.

c. Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog.

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist. However, it was discovered by a ________. A) physiologist who was studying memory processes in monkeys B) physician who was studying the age at which children start to walk C) physiologist who was studying digestion D) dog trainer who was trying to come up with the best way to reward animals for their performances in his shows

c. physiologist who was studying digestion

The best strategy to teach an organism a new response quickly is to use

continuous reinforcement

The key advantage of using a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement is that a. the person will be rewarded often b. it is very predictable c. it is easy to extinguish d. it produces more responding e. the individual is usually content

d. it produces more responding

Using the Premack principle, once you have finished studying for your next biology test you should

do something you enjoy

Which of the following is true of punishment? a. Punishment can involve the addition of an aversive stimulus. b. Punishment must be used consistently in order to be effective. c. Aggression can be produced by punishment d. Punishment interferes with the learning of new and better behaviors. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between operant and classical conditioning? a. the order of stimulus and response b. whether they are voluntary c. whether they are based on reflex responses d. whether behavior is based on past stimulation or future conditions e. whether they attempt to explain how learning occurs.

e. whether they attempt to explain how learning occurs.

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of

observational learning

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called

operant conditioning

The key difference between the two main forms of schedules of reinforcement is whether

reinforcement is determined by time or by the number of responses

Mary's parents want her to put her books in her bookcase. At first, they praise her for putting the books together in one pile. Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase. When she gets the books on top of the bookcase, she gets praise. Finally, her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase. This is an example of ________.

shaping

Insight learning involves

the perception of familiar objects in new forms or relationships.

Your professor likes to give pop quizzes in your psychology class, thus she is promoting the _________ schedule of reinforcement

variable interval

A telemarketer is working according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

variable ratio