PSY 120 EXAM #3: Chapter 14- Psychological Disorders
Neologisms
Creation of new words
Statistical Deviance
Criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among members of the population
Cultural Deviance
Criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it violates the rules or accepted standards of society
Disassociate Disorders
Characterized by separation, or dissociation, or conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories
Personality Disorders
Chronic, enduring patterns of behavior leading to significant impairment in social functioning; tendency to act inflexibly EX: Narcissistic disorder
Emotional Distress
Criterion of abnormality stating that abnormal behaviors are those that lead to personal or emotional distress; not all disorders lead to distress
Tangentiality
Explorations of unrelated topics EX: Q- Have you been nervous or tense? A-No, I got a head of lettuce
Social Anxiety Disorder
Extreme anxiety in everyday social situations, often accompanied by physical symptoms
Agoraphobia
Fear of public places; may be associated with panic disorder
Maladaptive Attributions
internal, stable, global attributions for negative experiences play a role in depression
Who is more likely to suffer from bipolar disorders?
Men and women are equal
Who is more likely to suffer from schizophrenia?
Men, men develop it earlier
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
"Free-floating" anxiety, chronic worrying lasting over 6 months
Bipolar Disorder
Mood swings between depression and extreme highs called manic states
Insanity
A legal term defined as inability to understand that certain actions are wrong at the time of the crime EX: Jeffery Dahmer case
Learned Helplessness
Acquired when people repeatedly fail in attempts to control environment
Cognitive Schizophrenia
Change in normal cognitive abilites
Cognitive symptoms
Difficulty with working memory and absorbing and integrating information
Neurotransmitter imbalances
Dopamine excess and issues with glutamate, GABA and serotonin in schizophrenia; monoamines involved in mood disorder, but exactly how is less clear
Manic State
Person becomes hyperactive, talkative, decreased need for sleep; lasts for at least a week
Derailment
Getting "side tracked" with other points EX: The problem is insects, my brother used to collect insects, he is 5'10, 10 is my favorite number
Phobic Disorders
Highly focused, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. EX: snake
Stable
I was born stupid
Global
I'll probably fail all my courses
Major Depressive Episodes
More than being sad- literally a different view of the world; depressed most of the day, loss of interest in activities, weight change, fatigue, negative self-concept,trouble concentrating, suicidal thoughts
Dissociative Amnesia
Inability to remember important personal information
Multiple Personality Disorder
Individual alternated between what appear to be two or more distinct identities or personalities
Depressive Disorders
Individual suffers mainly from depression
Schizophrenia
Involves fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, and/or behavior
Internal
It's totally my fault
What cultures is somatic symptom disorder common?
Koro men and dhat men
Diagnostic Labeling Effects
Labels for psychological problems can become self-fulfilling prophecies; make it difficult to recognize normal behavior when it occurs because abnormal behavior is expected.
Dissociative Fugue
Loss of personal identity, often accompanied by a flight from home
Anxiety Disorder
Marked by excessive apprehension, worry that impairs normal functioning
Rosenhan Study
Normal people were diagnosed with schizophrenia and once treated were fine but it took 19 days- 2 months for people to notice they were fine.
How do clinicians view Dissociative Disorders?
Now all believe in it because some symptoms can be faked; viewed as role-playing
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Persistent, uncontrollable thoughts with a compelling need to perform repetitive acts; related to anxiety; often fear focused
Catatonia
Positive Symptom; Holding an odd or bizarre position for hours at a time; can lead to muscle atrophy or damage
Delusions
Positive symptom; delusions of grandeur, persecution (paranoia), reference, erotomanic, somatic, thought, cotard, et.; bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, mood-neutral
Disorganized Speech
Positive symptom; tangentiality, derailment, neologisms, clanging
Hallucinations
Positive symptoms; experiencing something that isn't there
Clanging
Preference for rhyming or similar sounding words EX: so hot, you know it runs on a cot
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Psychological disorder that focuses on the physical body
Conversion Disorder
Real Physical or neurological impairments that seems to have no physical cause
Panic Disorder
Recurrent discrete episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread; physical symptoms such as chest pains
Negative Schizophrenia
Reduction of normal behavior
Structural problems in the brain
Schizophrenia is associated with enlarged ventricles
Visual Hallucinations
Seeing something, culturally specific EX: Demons, death, flashes of light
Who is more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders?
Women
Who is more likely to suffer from major depression?
Women
Who is more likely to attempt suicide? Commit?
Women, men; methods used matter
Who are more likely to suffer from somatic symptom disorders?
Women; body-conscious culture
Dysfunction
a breakdown in normal functioning; abnormal behaviors are those that prevent one from pursuing adaptive strategies EX: performing daily activities
Positive Schizophrenia
addition of abnormal behavior
Negative syptoms
flat effect- little or no emotion; refusal to participate in daily or social activities
Auditory Hallucinations
inner voice is not their own, hearing things (non-voice)
Genetic Components of schizophrenia
likeliness of having it increases with closeness of a relative. Highest likelihood for identical twins (50%). Similar patterns for depression and bipolar disorder
Hypochondriasis
long-lasting preoccupation with idea that one has a serious disease, based on misinterpretation of normal body reactions
Suicide
one possible consequence of mood disorder; third leading cause of adolescent death, 8th overall
Dysthymic Disorder
the depressive symptoms are milder and less disruptive than major depressive disorder but more chronic
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
used for the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders; does not suggest therapies or treatments
Abnormality as a Disease
view that abnormal behavior is symptomatic of underlying "disease" that can be "cured" with appropriate therapy