PSY 120 EXAM #3: Chapter 14- Psychological Disorders

Neologisms

Creation of new words

Statistical Deviance

Criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among members of the population

Cultural Deviance

Criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it violates the rules or accepted standards of society

Disassociate Disorders

Characterized by separation, or dissociation, or conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories

Personality Disorders

Chronic, enduring patterns of behavior leading to significant impairment in social functioning; tendency to act inflexibly EX: Narcissistic disorder

Emotional Distress

Criterion of abnormality stating that abnormal behaviors are those that lead to personal or emotional distress; not all disorders lead to distress

Tangentiality

Explorations of unrelated topics EX: Q- Have you been nervous or tense? A-No, I got a head of lettuce

Social Anxiety Disorder

Extreme anxiety in everyday social situations, often accompanied by physical symptoms

Agoraphobia

Fear of public places; may be associated with panic disorder

Maladaptive Attributions

internal, stable, global attributions for negative experiences play a role in depression

Who is more likely to suffer from bipolar disorders?

Men and women are equal

Who is more likely to suffer from schizophrenia?

Men, men develop it earlier

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

"Free-floating" anxiety, chronic worrying lasting over 6 months

Bipolar Disorder

Mood swings between depression and extreme highs called manic states

Insanity

A legal term defined as inability to understand that certain actions are wrong at the time of the crime EX: Jeffery Dahmer case

Learned Helplessness

Acquired when people repeatedly fail in attempts to control environment

Cognitive Schizophrenia

Change in normal cognitive abilites

Cognitive symptoms

Difficulty with working memory and absorbing and integrating information

Neurotransmitter imbalances

Dopamine excess and issues with glutamate, GABA and serotonin in schizophrenia; monoamines involved in mood disorder, but exactly how is less clear

Manic State

Person becomes hyperactive, talkative, decreased need for sleep; lasts for at least a week

Derailment

Getting "side tracked" with other points EX: The problem is insects, my brother used to collect insects, he is 5'10, 10 is my favorite number

Phobic Disorders

Highly focused, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. EX: snake

Stable

I was born stupid

Global

I'll probably fail all my courses

Major Depressive Episodes

More than being sad- literally a different view of the world; depressed most of the day, loss of interest in activities, weight change, fatigue, negative self-concept,trouble concentrating, suicidal thoughts

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to remember important personal information

Multiple Personality Disorder

Individual alternated between what appear to be two or more distinct identities or personalities

Depressive Disorders

Individual suffers mainly from depression

Schizophrenia

Involves fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, and/or behavior

Internal

It's totally my fault

What cultures is somatic symptom disorder common?

Koro men and dhat men

Diagnostic Labeling Effects

Labels for psychological problems can become self-fulfilling prophecies; make it difficult to recognize normal behavior when it occurs because abnormal behavior is expected.

Dissociative Fugue

Loss of personal identity, often accompanied by a flight from home

Anxiety Disorder

Marked by excessive apprehension, worry that impairs normal functioning

Rosenhan Study

Normal people were diagnosed with schizophrenia and once treated were fine but it took 19 days- 2 months for people to notice they were fine.

How do clinicians view Dissociative Disorders?

Now all believe in it because some symptoms can be faked; viewed as role-playing

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Persistent, uncontrollable thoughts with a compelling need to perform repetitive acts; related to anxiety; often fear focused

Catatonia

Positive Symptom; Holding an odd or bizarre position for hours at a time; can lead to muscle atrophy or damage

Delusions

Positive symptom; delusions of grandeur, persecution (paranoia), reference, erotomanic, somatic, thought, cotard, et.; bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, mood-neutral

Disorganized Speech

Positive symptom; tangentiality, derailment, neologisms, clanging

Hallucinations

Positive symptoms; experiencing something that isn't there

Clanging

Preference for rhyming or similar sounding words EX: so hot, you know it runs on a cot

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Psychological disorder that focuses on the physical body

Conversion Disorder

Real Physical or neurological impairments that seems to have no physical cause

Panic Disorder

Recurrent discrete episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread; physical symptoms such as chest pains

Negative Schizophrenia

Reduction of normal behavior

Structural problems in the brain

Schizophrenia is associated with enlarged ventricles

Visual Hallucinations

Seeing something, culturally specific EX: Demons, death, flashes of light

Who is more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders?

Women

Who is more likely to suffer from major depression?

Women

Who is more likely to attempt suicide? Commit?

Women, men; methods used matter

Who are more likely to suffer from somatic symptom disorders?

Women; body-conscious culture

Dysfunction

a breakdown in normal functioning; abnormal behaviors are those that prevent one from pursuing adaptive strategies EX: performing daily activities

Positive Schizophrenia

addition of abnormal behavior

Negative syptoms

flat effect- little or no emotion; refusal to participate in daily or social activities

Auditory Hallucinations

inner voice is not their own, hearing things (non-voice)

Genetic Components of schizophrenia

likeliness of having it increases with closeness of a relative. Highest likelihood for identical twins (50%). Similar patterns for depression and bipolar disorder

Hypochondriasis

long-lasting preoccupation with idea that one has a serious disease, based on misinterpretation of normal body reactions

Suicide

one possible consequence of mood disorder; third leading cause of adolescent death, 8th overall

Dysthymic Disorder

the depressive symptoms are milder and less disruptive than major depressive disorder but more chronic

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

used for the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders; does not suggest therapies or treatments

Abnormality as a Disease

view that abnormal behavior is symptomatic of underlying "disease" that can be "cured" with appropriate therapy