psy 2000 exam 4

statistics show that _____ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

26%

which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

A 45-year-old woman presents describing uncontrollable concerns that she has or will accidentally harm someone. her most debilitating symptoms occur in the context of driving. she reports being troubled by these concerns for approximately 4 hours each day. when she drives over a pothole or speed bump, she experiences overwhelming uncertainty about whether shd may have accidentally run over a child. in an attempt to ease her anxiety she drives back and forth on her street in order to search for any indication that a child has been injured. when she returns to the home she checks for any evidence of blood or clothing under her tires. she then calls her husband repeatedly at work to ask for reassurance that she has not harmed anyone.

OCD

the konrad lorenz theory of aggression states

aggression is an instinct that helps promote survival

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all or nothing thinking

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

antidepressants

julies therapist from the previous question most likely comes from which approach?

behavioral

mae notices that her daughter, Natalie is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. she spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. mae believes her daughter may have a _____ disorder.

body dysmorphic

jeff is a veteran who recently returned from serving in a combat zone. he presented to a hospital after his spouse told him he needed to get his mind "fixed". his wife told the dr that he has been extremely moody, appearing very happy at moments then sad or angry at others. he has been scraping himself in the shin with a knife at night when he cannot sleep. he also has been driving recklessly after fights with his spouse. when asked if jeff experienced these things before deployment, the wife, "yes, this isn't new, i am just fed up with it"

bordeline personality disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

what is the oldest part of the brain

brainstem

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

cognitive dissonance

rafael is in therapy and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. his therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. for example, he helps rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. what kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

in order to overcome an eating disorder, sevillas therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self- defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. what kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive- behavioral therapy

aversive conditioning is a

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

suppose you are walking down a street. a woman has fallen down, but bc there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. you just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. this is an example of ______

diffusion of responsibility

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

discrimination

the ______ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

disthesis- stress

an 11 year old child and her family lost everything in a sudden flood. in the initial visit with dr. kelley, the child was diagnosed with acute stress disorder. during a 2 month follow- up visit with dr. kelley, the child was still experiencing many of same symptoms. what should dr. kelley do?

dr. kelley should revise the diagonsis from ASD and PTSD

which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short- term care?

due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized

cole spends few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. he eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. coles major depressive disorder is _____.

episodic

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

last week i got extremely angry after getting a parking ticket on campus while parked underneath a live oak. now overtime i walk underneath a live oak i get mad. what is the unconditioned stimulus in this classical conditioning example? 0

getting the ticket

which of the following is the best example of the foot in the door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents tp agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

according to the american psychological associations, three factors work together to produce successful treatment. which of the following is not one of the 3 factors?

having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

the key difference between PTSD and ASD is:

how long symptoms last

which of the following does hypnosis not do?

improve memory

how is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

in behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into ones unconscious

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in group

which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individuals judgment

this theory of dreaming states that dreaming helps us sift through and sort information from our waking lives.

information processing theory

______ therapy helps people better understand their behavior, thoughts, and feelings, whereas ______ therapy changes disordered or inappropriate behavior directly.

insight, action/ skills- based

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralizations

which od the following is an example of a diathesis- stress model?

ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

a 38- year-old man presents to the emergency room for the second time in 4 weeks with sudden- onset chest pain, irregular heart beat, shortness of breath, dizziness, and sweating. he says he is afraid of having a heart attack and is afraid of "losing his mind." He is no longer driving his car and has started avoiding crowded areas for fear of inducing further attacks. past medical history is unremarkable. cardiac testing during both admissions is normal.

panic disorder

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

post- traumatic stress

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

psychodynamic psychotherapy

the study of abnormal behavior is called

psychopathology

______ have over 85% of the 1,669 federally designed mental health professional shortage areas

rural areas

which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perceptions, and behavior?

schizophrenia

electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviation symptoms for people with

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

which aspect of memory is incorporated directly in the information processing model of attention and memory?

short term memory sensory memory maintenance rehearsal

the tendency for people to overestimate the influence of ______ factors and underestimate the influence _______ factors on other peoples behavior is called the fundamental attribution error.

situational, dispositional

which of the following theories of how prejudice is created and maintained states the prejudice develops through direct learning/ instruction, modeling of others, and other social influences

social cognitive theory

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

what is the main point of the stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

sterotypes

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators. In addition, her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy. Julie's therapist is using __________.

systematic desensitization

what is the key difference between panic disorder with versus without agoraphobia?

the individual experiences intense fear and avoidance of places related to anxiety

an intelligence test appears to measure important aspects of intelligence but when the measure us given multiple times to the same person, scores vary greatly.

the measure has strong validity but is not reliable

during tailgating on Saturday, you notice a clearly intoxicated student in the middle of the parade grounds, bot no one else is helping them. the bystander effect explains this phenomenon as....

there are many folks around so each person expects that someone else will help

which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?

this disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time

why do microsaccades exist?

to prevent sensory deprovation

Brooke is working on a puzzle. she has the box with the full picture out in front of her is slowly recreating the picture from the puzzle pieces. what type of processing is she using?

top down

which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

tyler visits hid aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

you cant be nervous and relaxed at the same time

what was the major flaw in the stanford prison experiment?

zimbardo did not use a control group

for months I kept asking my roommate brooks to not park me in on Monday nights, but he kept on doing it. tonight while parking, i see brooks driving down the street toward our place but i still pull into the driveway first instead of backing out and waiting for him.

learned helplessness

which of the following is an automatic, illogical thought style

magnification overgeneralization all or nothing thinking

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

mania

______ are repetitive thoughts associated with OCD

obsessions

which of the following would influence the prototype a person calls to mind when thinking of what a car THE LEAST? A. recent commercials about cars the person has seen B. the fact that the person grew up in the country C. what the person learned in consumer auto maintenance class in high school D. the persons favorite color

the persons favorite color

jane does poorly on her psy final, so she picks on her mothers ability to cook. a frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ______

the way janes frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? in aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients fears and anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.

the word "aversion" should be changed to word "exposure"

which classification system is used by the most mental health professionals in the U.S

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

_____ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

anxiety

a panic disorder is a type of ______ disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

a ______ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

attitude

for which form of therapy would it be most important to explain what will happen in therapy and have the clients permission prior to beginning treatment?

aversion therapy

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior

what should be changed to make following sentence true? "for centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."

change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

a psychological disorder is a

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

which of the following is an example of deep processing

connecting a category of stressor learned in class to an event you experienced last week

(T/F) the difference between altruistic behavior and prosocial behavior is that altruistic behavior involves the expectation of reward- what goes around comes around?

false

which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot in the door

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

humanistic therapy

which of following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

what kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative

what does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

no studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another

people with _____ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive- compulsive

which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

peoples thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

when it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________

persons knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

which of the following is an example of the self fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort