PSY 212 test 2

A raw score

"Number of items answered correctly on an achievement test defines what type of score on that test?

All the answers

"What's a good test?" In part, a good test is one that

Traits and states can be quantified and measured

A basic assumption about psychological testing and assessment is that

Mode, median, mean

A distribution is positively skewed. Which is the most probable order, from smallest to largest, for the three measures of central tendency? a. ​mean, median, mode b. ​mode, median, mean c. ​mean, mode, median d. ​median, mean, mode

Bimodal

A distribution with two modes is said to be. a. ​two modal b. ​minor modal c. ​bimodal d. ​main modal

Positively skewed

A population of scores has a mean of m=26, a median of 23, and a mode f 22. What is the most likely shape for the population distribution. a. ​symmetrical b. ​positively skewed c. ​negatively skewed d. ​bimodal

Is a construct

A psychological trait. ​A) has a physical real existence.​​B) is a construct.​C) has no relation to observed behavior.​D) All of the answers are correct.

Mode

A researcher measures eye color for a sample of n=50 people. Which measure of central tendency would be appropriate to summarize the measurements. a. ​mean b. ​median c. ​mode d. ​weighted mean

True

A researcher surveys a sample of n=200 college students and asks each person to identify his or her favorite movie from the past year if the results are presented in a frequency distribution graph, the researcher should use a bar graph

2

A sample consists of n=16 scores. How many of the scores are used to calculate the range? a. ​2 b. ​4 c. ​8 d. ​16

Stratified sampling

A sampling of all different subgroups within a population is an example of

The score at or below which 20 percent of the scores in the distribution fall

A score at the 20th percentile on a high school history test is

Criterion-referenced

A test designed to provide information about whether or not an aviator has mastered the ability to fly solo is an example of a test that is

All answers

A test is considered "standardized" if the manual for the test includes

An incidental sample

An investigator researching behavior of corporate presidents employs college students enrolled in Indicatory Psychology as research subjects. These students are best referred to as

Error

Any influence on psychological test scores from factors other than what a test is intended to measure is referred to by measurement specialists as

Ordinal

Determine the class standing (1st,2nd,3rd) for the graduating seniors at a high school would involve measurement on a(n) _________ scale of measurement. a. ​nominal b. ​ordinal c. ​interval d. ​ratio

30

For a bell-shaped distribution with m=20, what is the most probable value for the median. a. ​30 b. ​greater than 30 c. ​less than 30 d. ​0

Greater than 20

For a negatively skewed distribution with a mean of M=20, what is the most probable value for the median. a. ​greater than 20 b. ​20 c. ​less than 20 d. 0

Less than 20

For a negatively skewed distribution with a mode of X=25 and a median of 20, what is the most likely value for the mean. a. ​greater than 25 b. ​equal to 25 c. ​between 20 and 25 d. ​less than 20

30

For a perfectly symmetrical distribution with a median of 30, what is the value of the mean? a. ​greater than 30 b. ​30 c. ​20 to 29.5 d. ​less than 20

16

For a sample of n=16 scores, how many scores are used to calculate the sample variance? a. ​2 b. ​8 c. ​15 d. ​16

A trait is relatively enduring, whereas a state is relatively short-lived

How do states differ from traits?

On the left side of the distribution

In a distribution with positive skew, scores with the highest frequencies are _________. a. ​on the right side of the distribution b. ​on the left side of the distribution c. ​in the middle of the distribution d. ​represented at two distinct peaks

Information regarding the mastery of basic skills such as reading and writing

In general, criterion-referenced testing

Criterion-reference testing

In order to conduct research using human subjects, a university requires researchers to complete an online ethics course, and then correctly respond to all the test items on that material. This test process could be best characterized as

A normative sample

It's a group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of future test takers. This group is called

Trait norms

Norms come in many different forms. Which of the following is not correctly referred to bu the term "norms"?

Both more easily interpreted and easily communicated to others are correct

Raw scores may be converted to norms so that the scores are

Is a scientific concept developed to describe or explain behavior

Referring to a psychological trait as a construct means that it

All of the answers are correct

Students may fantasize about a world without tests. But in reality, a world without tests would be more of a nightmare than a dream. This is so because

True

T/F A normative sample is the reference group in which the performance of test takers are compared

False

T/F A professor records the number of students who are absent each day for the semester. Because this is a numeric, discrete variable, a bar graph should be used to show the frequency distribution

False

T/F A score equal to the 5th percentile is one of the highest scores in the distribution.

True

T/F An example of a numeric nominal variable in assessment can be found in the DSM. For example, the number 303.00 identified alcohol intoxication and the number 307.00 identified stuttering

False

T/F Classifying people into two groups on the basis of gender us ab example of measurement on an Nominal scale

False

T/F If it is appropriate to present a distribution of scores in a polygon, then it would also be appropriate to present scores in a bar graph

False

T/F One type of reliability is construct reliability which involves consistency of the measuring tool

True

T/F The percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score is referred to as a percentile

False

T/F The range and the standard deviation are both measures of spread

How consistently a test measures what it purports to measure

Test reliability refers to

Well a test measures what it purports to measure

Test validity

Lunar cycles

The manifestation of a trait is not dependent on

May be exaggerated

The raw scores from a test are normally distributed. The test user wishes to summarize the data using percentiles. A potential problem here is that score differences in the middle area of the distribution

Negatively skewed

The students in a psychology class seemed to think that the midterm exam was very easy. If they are correct, what is the most likely shape for the distribution of the exam scores. a. ​symmetrical b. ​positively skewed c. ​negatively skewed d. ​normal

Scores with which results of subsequent measurement can be compared

The term "norms" refers to the

Validity

The term "psychometric soundness" is typically a reference to a test's reliability and

Ordinal

Using the letter grades (A,B,C) to classify student performance on an exam is an example of measurement on a(n) ___________ scale of measurement. a. ​nominal b. ​ordinal c. ​interval d. ​ratio

Above the mean by a distance equal to 2 standard deviations

What position in the distribution corresponds to a z-score of z=+2.00 a. Above the mean by 2 points​ b. ​Above the mean by a distance equal to 2 standard deviations c. ​Below the mean by 2 points d. ​Below the mean by a distance equal to 2 standard deviations

All answers are correct

When "putting a test to the test" and researching the suitability of a particular test for a particular objective, test users will typically research

The component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait measured

When measuring a particular psychological trait the term "error variance" refers to ​A) the degree to which impression management may influence the obtained score.​​B) the variations in score possible if another instrument was employed.​C) the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait measured.​D) All of the answers are correct.

The amount of time to solve a problem

Which description provides an example of a continuous variable? a. ​The gender of each student in a psychology class b. ​The number of males in each class offered by the college c. ​The amount of time to solve a problem d. ​The number of children in a family

The gender of each student in a psychology class.

Which description provides and example of a discrete variable? a. ​The time each student arrives in a psychology class b. ​The gender of each student in a psychology class c. ​The amount of time to solve a problem d. ​The amount of weight gained for each freshman at a local college

Aggressiveness

Which of the following is the best example of a psychological trait

Error is an expected component of measurement

Which of the following is true about error is psychological measurement

Around 70% of the scores will be located within one standard deviation of the mean

Which of the following is true for most distributions? a. Around 30% of the scores will be located within one standard deviation of the mean.​ b. ​Around 50% of the scores will be located within one standard deviation of the mean. c. ​Around 70% of the scores will be located within one standard deviation of the mean. d. ​Around 90% of the scores will be located within one standard deviation of the mean.

S^2

Which of the following symbols identifies the sample variance? a. ​s b. ​s2 c. ​Σ d. ​σ2

145, 143, 145,147

Which set of scores has the smallest standard deviation? a. ​11, 17, 31, 53 b. ​5, 11, 42, 22 c. ​145, 143, 145, 147 d. ​27, 105, 10, 80

σ=10

You have a score of X=65 on a math exam. The mean score for the class exam is u looking thing=70. Which of the following values for the standard deviation would give you the most favorable position within the class? a. ​σ = 0 b. ​σ = 1 c. ​σ = 5 d. ​σ = 10