psy

Corrado was born a mere 10 minutes ago. His latest Apgar score is 3. What does this indicate about Corrado's health and functioning?

He needs immediate medical attention, as he is almost certainly in critical condition.

Which is a correct statement about the influence of heroin and methadone upon prenatal and infant developments?

Heroin or methadone use can cause miscarriage, premature labor, and death of the infant.

Which of these scenarios illustrates the principles of social-cognitive theory?

When Marla responds angrily to a request from her daughter Sandi, Sandi's sister Amber, who observed this response, decides she will wait a day or two before asking for a new stereo.

Under what circumstances will a recessive gene be expressed?

When it is paired with another recessive gene for the same trait

Which of the following is an example of extinction?

You stop buying lottery tickets after spending several hundred dollars and never winning.00

Since scientists were able to map the human genome by 2001, the number of genes that humans are known to have was revised ________________.

downward from about 100,000 to 25,000.

Which of the following terms explains why the human brain develops before the reproductive system?

Cephalocaudal pattern

Which statement summarizes social-cognitive learning theory?

Children learn best through observation as long as they are consistently rewarded for the same behaviors.

The "Little Albert" experiment that resulted in the child becoming terrified of furry animals is an example of which type of learning?

Classical conditioning

Estelle, age 12, is in the 6th grade but reads at a 3rd grade level. Developmentalists would investigate whether there is a problem in which domain of development?

Cognitive

Which aspect of human development describes changes in thinking, memory, problem solving, and other intellectual skills?

Cognitive domain

Which statement is true about correlation and causation?

Correlation does not prove causation.

Which of the following is a true statement about correlations?

Correlations can range from -1.00 to +1.00 and describe the strength of a relationship between two variables.

Which of the following will result in the pruning of redundant neural pathways and the selective retention of the most efficient neural pathways in an infant's brain?

Experiences

In order to prove causation, you have to do a(n):

Experiment

Relatives who are most genetically similar to one another are:

Monozygotic twins

Which of the following is FALSE concerning breast milk for newborns?

Mothers should breastfeed their babies even if they are on prescribed medications.

All the following are true about births by Cesarean section except:

Mothers who deliver by Cesarean section report higher satisfaction with the pregnancy than mothers who deliver vaginally.

What is the name of the sheath that develops around axons that serves as insulation and speeds neural transmissions?

Myelin

Emily has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day throughout her pregnancy. How is this likely to affect her fetus?

The infant may weigh less than normal at birth.

According to Erikson, which is the first "crisis" that humans have to resolve, that shapes our outlooks for most of our lives?

Trust vs. mistrust

Meko has dark hair and dark eyes, even though his biological mother is fair-skinned. Meko's hair and eye color are part of his:

phenotype.

The nucleus of the majority of typical human cells contains how many chromosomes?

- 23 pairs

Gordo's father has type A blood and his mother has type O blood. What will Gordo's blood type be?

- A or O

Which of the following describes Freud's view of the components of an individual's personality?

- Id( "I need it now"Do It, ego(the balance inbetween the two), superego ( Don't do it )(

Down syndrome is also known as:

- Trisomy 21

Phillip has red hair, which comes from a recessive gene. This must mean that Phillip received the gene from:

- both parents

An experiment is designed to study the effects of long lectures on the sleeping behavior of college students. In such a study, the dependent variable is

- the sleeping behavior of college students.

On average, newborns sleep about _________________ hours per day.

16-17

A full term pregnancy lasts about:

40 weeks

Low birth weight infants (LBW) are those that weight less than:

5.5 pounds at birth.

A psychological disorder that is known to have a genetic component is:

All of these are known to have a genetic component.

Synapses are formed following the development of which of the following neural structures?

Axons and dendrites

The false labor contractions that many pregnant women experience starting in the 4th month of pregnancy are known as:

Braxton-Hicks contractions

With regard to breastfeeding, which statement is correct?

Breast milk stimulates better immune-system function in babies.

Humans learn languages most easily during childhood. In fact, some research indicates that if a child doesn't learn to speak a formal language before the age of 6, they may never learn to speak well at all. This example best illustrates which concept?

Critical periods

Which of the following is the final stage of labor?

Delivery of the placenta

The "visual cliff" is used to measure which of the following?

Depth perception

What is the difference between gametes and all other body cells?

Gametes contain only 23 chromosomes; other body cells contain 46.

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted disease that can be passed to the fetus during vaginal birth?

Genital herpes

Which of the following terms describes an individual's unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents?

Genotype

Which of the following best describes the current perspective on human development?

Human development begins at conception and continues throughout the lifespan.

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, which aspect of our personality demands to be satisfied in physically pleasurable ways?

Libido of the id

__________ of neurons and glial cells are present at birth.

Millions

Chromosomes are composed of which of the following?

Molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid

Which of the following results in behaviors that are difficult to extinguish?

Partial reinforcement schedules

Sandi has begun the labor process. Her physician concludes that the baby is in a breech position, with its feet poised to be delivered first. What course of action is the physician likely to recommend for Sandi?

Performing a cesarean section to deliver the baby.

Which statement is FALSE concerning POST-MATURE infants?

Post-mature babies may be healthier because of the advantage of staying in the safety of the womb longer than most babies get to.

Moesha and Ricardo have a newborn son. If their baby is an average infant, by his first birthday he will have had which of the following?

Seven respiratory illnesses

Which of the following statements is true regarding prenatal sex differentiation?

Sex differentiation begins between 4 and 8 weeks of gestation.

Typically, infants move into a predictable sleep pattern by what age?

Six months

Which aspect of human development describes changes in variables that are associated with the relationship of an individual to others?

Social domain

Which learning theory (from Chapter 1) describes learning that occurs by observing the behavior of another person and what happens to that person?

Social-Cognitive theory

What is the leading cause of death in the United States among infants between the ages of 1 month and 1 year?

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Jada saw some money lying unattended on a store counter. She really wanted to take it but her conscience kept her from doing so. Which part of Jada's personality is telling her that it would be socially unacceptable to take the money?

Superego

Habituation is best defined by which of the following?

The decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus becomes too familiar

Which of the following is true of identical twin studies?

The study of monozygotic twins is important because it helps us, to some extent, identify genetic versus environmental contributions to behavior.

Which of the following is true of a trait controlled by a dominant gene?

The trait will be expressed even if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are different.

What effect does watching television have on the developing brain?

Toddlers might improve their vocabulary and social skills by watching high-quality television programs.

Behavior is more likely to reoccur if

it has been reinforced.

Compared to other infants, low birth weight infants (LBW) display:

markedly lower levels of responsiveness at birth and in the early months of life.