PSY 321 - Chapter 7 Quiz

Attitude polarization refers to the finding that _______________. a.) when people reflect on a given attitude, their position on that attitude tends to become more extreme. b.) when people reflect on a given attitude, they tend to become more open-minded with respect to that attitude. c.) people are more likely to spend time reflecting on issues that they have extreme views about than issues that they have moderate views about. d.) people are more likely to spend time reflecting on issues that they have moderate views about than issues that they have extreme views about

A

Deliberate attitudes can be defined as ____________ evaluative responses. a.) controlled, conscious b.) controlled, unconscious c.) automatic, conscious d.) automatic, unconscious

A

In P-O-X theory, the "P" stand for person, the "O" for another person, and the "X" for ____________. a.) an attitude object b.) the relationship between the two people c.) the observer d.) the difference between the two people

A

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ______________. a.) behavioral intention b.) subjective norms c.) perceived behavioral control d.) attitude accessibility

A

Suppose that you show your uncle an abstract painting that you have made, and ask for his immediate, unedited reaction. Your uncle says he has no option about it. "I am not familiar with abstract art," he tells you, "therefore I don't know how to evaluate it; and I have no intuitive feeling about it." Could this be possible? a.) No. Research suggest that he will have made an automatic evaluation of your painting even though he is unfamiliar with abstract art. (He may be out of touch with this automatic evaluation, however.) b.) Yes. Research suggests that people only make automatic evaluations when they are highly familiar with the stimulus category; your uncle will probably need more time to make a conscious opinion. c.) Yes. Research suggest that people only make automatic evaluations of other people—not of stimuli such as paintings. Your uncle will probably need more time to form a conscious opinion of your painting. d.) It is impossible to say; some people form automatic evaluations about everything (and if your uncle is one of these people, then he is lying when he says he has no opinion), but other people form automatic evaluations only sometimes (and if your uncle is one of these people, then he may well have not formed an opinion about your painting, and may well need more time to do so).

A

The need to feel that one is thinking and behaving in consistent ways is ___________. a.) probably innate-rooted in our biological nature b.) probably culture-bound; important in some cultures but not in others c.) probably a matter of self-presentation only; inconsistencies seem only to be troubling when others know about them d.) enormously varied from one person to the next; not everyone feels this need, and, among those who do, some people feel it much more strongly than others

A

According to the principles of ____________ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished. a.) classical conditioning b.) operant conditioning c.) vicarious learning d.) effort justification

B

According to the text, what might best explain the development of prejudice against social groups that are frequently associated with negative information in the media, such as Muslims being associated with terrorism? a.) operant conditioning b.) classical conditioning c.) vicarious learning d.) observational learning

B

In the U.S., which of the following would NOT be considered a stigmatized group? a.) Obese people b.) Married people c.) Sick people d.) The elderly

B

Suppose that Sam disliked reggaeton the very first time he heard it. How should we expect his attitude to change (if at all) if he hears it several more times? a.) He will begin to dislike reggaeton less and less. b.) He will begin to dislike reggaeton more and more. c.) It is impossible to say; first impressions are fundamentally different from (and not always similar to) later attitudes. d.) His attitude is likely to stay exactly the same across repeated exposure

B

As discussed in the text, _____________ serve interpersonal functions. a.) attitudes but not beliefs b.) beliefs but not attitudes c.) both attitudes and beliefs d.) neither attitudes nor beliefs

C

As discussed in the text, people who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts) tend to _________________. a.) be less prone to depression than other people b.) be less prone to anxiety than other people c.) have relatively low levels of self-esteem d.) have relatively high levels of self-esteem

C

Kevin has just moved to a new neighborhood. In his old neighborhood, everyone wore vans and board shorts, but he notices that the kids on his new block are wearing Nikes and basketball shorts. He also notices that they tease people who are not dressed this way. Kevin immediately asks his mom to take him to the store to buy new clothes. What has taken place here? a.) Attitude polarization b.) The mere exposure effect c.) Observational learning d.) Operant conditioning

C

Research has shown that there is a difference between how readily bad pictures versus good pictures are recognized by people. At about _________, ____________ tend to be recognized more quickly. a.) 3 months; bad pictures b.) 3 months; good pictures c.) 2 1/2 years; bad pictures d.) 2 1/2 years; good pictures

C

The fact that the gap between pro-condom attitudes and non-condom using behaviors is larger among women than men best demonstrates _________________. a.) effort justification b.) post-decision dissonance c.) attitude-behavior consistency d.) attitude polarization

C