PSY 3318 Formative Exam 2

State two major differences in the performance of 2-mo-olds, 3-mo-olds, and 6-mo-olds in the RoveeCollier study. 12

1. Retention becomes better with age. 2. 6 month olds are able to recall memory for 14 days

What is proprioception?

awareness of body position

Is memory span higher for letters or numbers?

numbers

State the age infants sensitive to the full spectrum of color

1 month old

State why 5 mo. olds do not retain ALL the properties after a delay.

Lack of ability to form explicit memories

State what it means to say that the perception of color is categorical.

The differences between colors is more noticeable than the difference of shades within a certain color.

Is face perception innate?

Yes

Is the change in processing speed from 5-years of age to 20-years of age a linear or a non-linear function?

non linear

State three possible sources of memory distortion in children and adults.

1) memories can be biased by new information 2) state of mind (ex: tired) 3) people strive for consistency in memories, meaning we will change what we remember at times to fit it into someone elses narrative

State the 3 basic steps in the Rovee-Collier crib study.

1. 3 minutes of non-reinforcement (establishing baseline) 2. 9 minutes of reinforcement (acquisition) 3. 3 minutes of non reinforcement (test)

State three achievements in the development of visual perception of lines and shapes in early infancy (newborn - 3 months).

1. can distinguish curved lines from straight lines 2. can distinguish horizontal from vertical stripes 3. can look along angles and contours

State 3 strategies that children use in order to remember information

1. memory rehearsal 2. organizational strategies 3. selective attention

State 2 experimental findings that support your position about the innateness of face perception.

1: Infants 12-36 hours old would prefer to look at their mothers face 2: Preference for looking at attractive faces

State the earliest age we can observe proprioceptive processing

3 to 4 years of age

State the average number of numbers recalled in the digit span task by 5-year-olds.

4.5

State the approximate age fear of falling develops

7 months

State the average number of numbers recalled in the digit span task by adults.

8

Chi (1978) showed an Age-by-Task interaction (Siegler & Alibali, 2020, Figure 7.6 - Memory PowerPoint Slide 50). Describe the participants and materials you could use in an original experiment that is similar to Chi's. A) who are in the two groups in your experiment B) what are the two tasks? C) why would this experiment produce an interaction effect?

A) B) C)

State a specific physical factor that could affect processing speed.

Age

State the roles of the dorsal and ventral pathways in visual processing.

Dorsal: signals where to look Ventral: signals what you are looking at

T F (Circle one) 6-month-olds but not 4-month-olds respond to novelty.

False

T F (Circle one) A term for face blindness is stereopsis.

False

T F (Circle one) Newborns recognize characters from stories their mothers read to them prenatally.

False

Considering basic perception of motion and tracking of objects, State 2 achievements of newborns. State 2 achievements of 3-month-olds.

Newborns 1: can perceive objects that are closer and farther away 2: can track large objects that move slowly 3-months 1: can reliably track interesting objects 2: Can distinguish which objects are stationary or moving

Briefly describe an original example (one that you thought of) of an application of the habituation experimental method.

Sweaters

State why changing the mobile after 24 hours disrupts kicking in 2-mo-olds.

The retrieval cue for memory representation is specific and must closely match the initial learning

State the prior experience a child needs in order to develop fear of falling.

They need to have been crawling for 6-8 weeks or have 40 hours of experience in a walker

T F (Circle one) An orienting reflex depends on subcortical processes.

True

T F (Circle one) Infants respond to violations of their mental expectations.

True

When 5 mo. olds were habituated to objects that varied in size, form, color, and orientation a) State which properties of the objects they remembered on an immediate test b) State which properties of the objects they remembered on a test given after 15 minutes. c) State which properties of the objects they remembered on a test given after 24 hours.

a) all four features b) form & color c) form

Provide one plausible reason for infantile amnesia.

infants hippocampus and frontal lobes are underdeveloped.

State a specific cognitive factor that could affect processing speed.

memory capacity

In a few words, what is visual acuity?

vision for fine detail at a distance of 20 feet.