PSY FINAL
Delilah lost her husband Hendricks to a bloody highway accident. Being just three years into marriage, she was devastated. Four months later, she was hassled by problems such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbance, and problems in concentrating. Delilah is probably experiencing:
post traumatic stress disorder symptons
Cognitive __ are the culture-based "software" programs of the mind
pragmatics
the ______ is one ares that shrinks more than with aging
prefrontal cortex
as many as _____ percent of older adults with depressive symptoms receive no treatment at all
80
in 2013, ____ percent of older adults in the US were living in poverty
9.5
prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against other adults, known as
ageism
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of basic trust vs mistrust?
Hope
according to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to ____, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood
reproductive fitness
the retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called ___ memory
episodic
which of the following is NOT a risk factor for depression
increase in social support
the _____ are the age subgroup of older adults most likely to be living in poverty
oldest-old
what is the "triple jeopardy" faced by african americans and latino woman when it comes to income and financial levels of support in the elder years?
ageism, sexism, and racism
for hospice services to be covered by medicare, the patient must be:
deemed by a physician to have six months or less to live
Alzheimer's diease is a form of
dementia
___ is a global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning
dementia
According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?
denial and isolation
irene, a terminally ill cancer patient
depression
which of the following is Kubler-Ross' fourth stage of dying?
depression
erik erkison believed that people who experience isolation and stagnation in earlier adulthood are more likely to experience __ in later adulthood
despair
which of the following is a risk factor in the development of cataracts?
diabetes
according to the several studies including that of Jack & others (2013), most individuals say they would rather:
die at home
_____ attention involves concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
divided
euthanasia is otherwise known as:
easy death
which of the following statements about cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics is true?
educational qualifications and professional skills are components of cognitive pragmatics
_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.
grief
according to the cross-sectional study by ursula staudinger found that for adults from 85 to 105 years old, _____ became the most important investments
health
older adults especially perform well when decision making:
is not constrained by time pressures
according to evolutionary theory, which of the following is the reason Alzheimer disease has not been eliminated by evolution?
it does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood
according to the socioemotional selectivity theory, individuals are motivated by two types of goals-emotional and ____
knowledge related
as a result of aging, which of the following is NOT likely to deteriorate?
language comprehension
because of the decline in the functioning of the immune systems, vaccination against ___ is especially important in older adults
influenza
which of the following is an example of active euthanasia
injecting a lethal dose of a drug
according to erik erikson, what is the last stage of development in life?
integrity vs. despair
Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to:
produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died from a long illness
all of the following are part of the life review process except
projecting future life experiences
Jamie lost his wife of many years. He is still experiencing enduring despair a year after her death. Holly Prigerson and her colleagues would label this as _____ grief
prolonged
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of initiative vs guilt
purpose
identify the possible double jeopardy for elderly ethnic minority individuals
racism and ageism
for older adults, social support is linked to
reduction in symptoms of disease
older adults have more difficulty determining the time required to step on the breaks when a traffic light suddenly turns red. this is because they have
slower perceptual speed
which of the following theories explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family?
sociomotional selectivity theory
which of the following countries have the lowest estimated expectancy in 2011?
south africa
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs when an infant:
stops breathing, usually during the night, and dies without apparent cause
the young-old people who are between _____ years of age.
65 to 84
the concept of ____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills
"use it or lose it"
in the United States today, nearly ___ percent of all deaths occur in nursing homes
20
lung capacity drops ___ percent between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present
40
on average, the adult brain loses ___ percent of its weight between the ages of 20 and 90
5 to 10
studies conducted in 2006 revealed that approximately ___ million retired americans return to work after they retire
7
in 2011, which of the following countries had the highest estimated life expectancy
Monaco
many psychotherapists prefer not to work with older patients, labeling them as:
QUOIDs
the ____ is involved in smell
olfactory bulb
which of the following most resembles the grieving process?
a roller coaster ride of emotions
Kubler-Ross describes the ___ stage as the end of the dying struggle
acceptance
which of the following is kubler-Ross' fifth stage of dying?
acceptance
Reductions in _____ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease.
acetylcholine
Alzheimer's disease involves a deficiency in an important brain messenger chemical
actetylcholine
olivia believes that the more dynamic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives, thus she believes in
activity theory
brain death occurs when:
all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time
_____ refers to a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and eventually physical function
alzheimer's disease
which of the following is true of american attitude towards death?
americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers
an advanced directive, such as living will, must be signed when:
an individual is able to think clearly
According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the second stage of dying?
anger
in 1900, most people died:
at home, cared for by family
Ada knows that she has liver cancer and will not live much longer. In her prayers, she asks God to let her live one more year, and she will promise to set everything right with her family and loved ones. in this scenerio, ada is in which of the following Kubler-Ross' stages of dying?
bargaining
in late adulthood:
both men and woman get shorter
a flat EEG recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of:
brain death
which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?
buddism
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of generativity vs. stagnation
care
Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lenses of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.
cataracts
_____ diseases have a slow onset and a long duration, and are in early adulthood
chronic
_____ illness is long-term, often lifelong, and requires long-term, if not life-term, managment
chronic
older adults are more likely to die from:
chronic ailments
which of the following is one of the BEST predictors of job performance in older adults?
cognitive ability
speed and accuracy of the process involved in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison and categorization are componets of:
cognitive mechanics
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of industry vs inferiority
competence
prolonged grief disorder is also known as ____ grief
complicated
Gina is doing what she can to help her older aunt take care of herself and stay in her own home. Gina often takes meals to her aunt and helps her clean, go shopping, and make visits to the doctor. Gina is providing _____ for her aunt.
eldercare
which of the following statements about arthritis is not true?
exercise is not beneficial for people with arthritis
Life ____ is the number of years that average person born in a particular year will probably live
expectancy
according to the cross-sectional study by ursula staudinger found that for adults from 35 to 65 years of age, ___ become most important in terms of personal investments
family
Elder maltreatment is primarily carried out by _____.
family members
in terms of percentage of total weight, which of the following increase as a person reaches late adulthood?
fat
the oldest-old today are mostly
female
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of identity vs confusion
fidelity
which of the following concepts have distinctions similar to the one between cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics
fluid and crystallized intelligence
according to new studies, which of the big five factors of personality was linked to increased risk of older adults' developing Alzheimer's disease across a six-years time frame?
high level of neuroticism
most psychologists emphasize that ___ is the best strategy in discussing death with children
honestly
______ is a program commited to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression possible
hospice
_____ memory is memory without conscious recollection
implicit
remembering how to ride a bike without having to consciously think about it is a part of an individual's ____ memory
implicit
which of the following statements is true about assisted suicide?
in some state of united states where assisted suicide is legal, the crime is typically considered manslaughter or a felony
currently in the united states, approximately 90 percent of hospice is provided:
in the patient's home
erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as motivation to look back and evaluate their life. this form of retrospection is what many theorists call:
life review
a(n) _____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning
living will
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of intimacy vs isolation
love
which of the following is NOT a primary reason for the lowered brain volume of older adults compared to that of younger adults?
low number of neurons
a study reported by Lachman and others (2010) revealed that older adults with less education had ___ than those with more education
lower cognitive abilities
in the gond culture or india, death is believed to be caused by:
magic and demons
a person with ___ does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has a poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated
major depression
hospice were developed to:
make the end of life free from pain and anxiety
Sometimes euthanasia is called:
mercy killing
what is a leading cause of blindness in older adults?
muscular degeneration
which of the following is TRUE of decision making and aging?
older adults are far more inconsistent with their choices as compared to younger adults
which of the following is NOT true of internet usage among older adults?
older adults are more likely to have an email address than younger adults
what is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress?
older people keep stress hormones in their systems at elevated levels for long periods
which of the following statements about older workers is true?
older workers experience more job satisfaction than younger workers
at 60 years of age, the retina receives only about ___ as much light as it did at 20 years of age
one-third
_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue
osteoporosis
The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as _____ care
palliative
all of the following are symptoms of major depression except
paranoia
_____ is triggered by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain
parkinson disease
severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with:
parkinson disease
Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia.
passive
recent studies have led researchers to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is more _____ than once thought
positive
when working with other clients, some clinicians use ____ therapy program and her clinician as her discussing past activities and experiences with other individuals in her group
reminiscence
in the jewish community, the members of grieving family all walk together for a short distance to symbolize their:
return to society
which of the following is true of divorce or remarriage in older adults?
rising divorce rates, increased longevity, and better health have led to an increase in marriage by older adults
the term ____ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring other that are irrelevant
selective attention
Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is a part of her _____ memory.
semantic
other than pining for the lost person, which of the following is another dimension of grief over death?
separation anxiety
in industrialized countries, the number of individuals 100 years and older is increasing at the rate of approximately ____ percent of each year
seven
which of the following observations is true reguarding finding meaning and purpose in lives in the event of death?
studies have found that spiritually helps to buffer dying individuals from severe depression
_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, tasks, event, or some other aspect of their environment
sustained
The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive functioning may be linked more to distance from death or cognition-related pathology than to distance from birth
terminal decline
which of the following statements about the care of a dying older person in the U.S. today is true?
the care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family
when explaining death to younger children (Around preschool age), the most important point for parents to stress is that:
the child is loved and will not be abandoned
considering the fact that many of the health problems of adults are chronic rather than acute, which of the following is likely to be a concern about the medical system?
the medical system is still based on a "cure" rather than a "care" model
a common memory problem for older adults is ____. in which individuals cannot quite retrieve familiar information but have the feeling that they should be able to retrieve it
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
color vision declines with age due to
the yellowing of the lens of the eye
one factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is:
their ability to cope effectively with stress
the majority of older adults living alone are widowed, encompassing ___ times as many woman and men
three
accroding to studies by Price & Nesteruk (2010), retirement brings the greatest changes to ____ families
traditional
at which age do infants have the highest risk of dying from sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)?
two to four months of age
exercise can reduce the risk of all of the following conditions except
type 1 diabetes
which of the following countries has the highest number of centenarians?
united states
Regular _____ has been shown to decrease the onset of physical disability in older adults.
walking
which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of autonomy vs shame
will
_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of the life that permits practical about important matters
wisdom
which of the following is one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer disease?
word-finding/generating difficulties
according to the cross-sectional study by ursula staudinger, which of the following is the most important investments for adults between 25 to 34 years of age?
work
_____, which is closely linked to short-term memory, is like a place for doing mental jobs and allow children and adults to manipulate and assemble information
working memory
____ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood
wrinkles and age spots