PSY

When Stacy jumps into a cold lake, she feels as though she is freezing. After a few minutes, she no longer notices the cold and feels comfortable in the water. This change is best explained by _____________.

sensory adaptation

Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night, gasping for air, but are totally unaware of it. Based on this information, you may be experiencing

sleep apnea

Days after breaking his nose in a football game, Ben still perceives a dull pain in his nose. The throbbing ache travels along ______ pain fibers, which are ________.

slow; unmyelinated

The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is the exception to this rule?

smell

At what sleep stage does your breathing become more regular and your awareness of external stimulation decrease?

stage 2

Alex sees a girl in a red shirt steal a candy bar. Later, during questioning, the police ask what candy the girl in the blue shirt stole. Months later, when Alex testifies in court, he describes the girl as having worn a blue shirt. This is an example of ________.

suggestibility

The site where communication occurs between neurons through the release of chemicals is called the

synapse

Timothy believes that his infant son was born as a blank slate, knowing nothing about the world. This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in __________.

tabula rasa

Auditory information is processed in the _______ lobes of the cerebral cortex.

temporal

Reagan is 3 weeks pregnant, but doesn't know it yet. She drinks a few glasses of wine two or three days each week. In this case, alcohol is a ______ that may put her baby at risk for _______.

teratogen; malformation of the face and limbs and intellectual disabilities

Cosette is experiencing a decline in her sense of smell. The doctor correctly tells her that the problem could be with any one of the following structures EXCEPT for her ________.

thalamus

The minimum intensity of sensory stimulation required before a sensation is detected 50 percent of the time is called __________.

the absolute threshold

Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet. He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing. Ernst knows he should eventually experience all of the following EXCEPT

the development of a more rounded jaw.

Dr. Osmond is a developmental psychologist who studies adulthood. Which of the following is he most likely to research?

the mental effects of stagnation

To remember her nine-digit Social Security number, Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups. In addition, each group of three or four digits is easy to remember because it is meaningful. Alyssa strategy in remember her Social Security number illustrates __________.

the power of chunking

Dr. Wolfgang would like to conduct a study examining how children learn to use slang words based on listening to their peers. Dr. Wolfgang's research would benefit if he read the work of _____________ , a psychologist who investigated observational learning.

Albert Bandura

A cat is classically conditioned to purr when it hears the refrigerator door open because the refrigerator contains the cat food. However, the cat does not purr when it hears the pantry door open. The fact that the cat only purrs when the refrigerator door opens is most likely a result of stimulus generalization.

False

This is a "gimme" question. Answer "I LOVE PSYCHOLOGY" and you will get it right!

I LOVE PSYCHOLOGY

Carolina wants to investigate how mental processes, such as attention, affect the amount of time that a child will work on a difficult task. Carolina's research is most similar to the research approach taken by ______, who helped develop _______.

Miller; cognitive psychology

Regarding smell, which of the following statements is generally the most accurate?

People are better at discriminating among odors than they are at identifying them; women generally outperform men.

While sleeping, Kevin dreamed about being in a dancing competition. As he dreamed about doing dance moves, he kicked his foot against the wall. The kick was most likely due to ________.

REM behavior disorder

Which of the following sampling techniques gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected to participate?

Random sampling

Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment to resolve unconscious conflicts that cause mental disorders. This treatment was developed by ____________.

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a basic quality of taste?

Spicy

A newborn is able to recognize and discriminate her mother's voice.

True

A person who has experienced the loss of past memories may be experiencing retrograde amnesia.

True

For which of the following pairs would it be easiest to detect a difference in weight?

a 1-pound bag of sugar and a 2-pound bag of sugar

Sadafa loves Indian food, but he is careful about what he eats because it hurts his tongue when he eats very spicy food. Sadafa most likely is __________________.

a supertaster with a very large number of taste buds in his mouth

Christopher used to drink water from a drinking fountain just before physics class. One time, he felt nauseated right after drinking the water. After that, to avoid the risk of nausea, he stopped drinking at the fountain. Christopher learned a connection between the water fountain and feeling nauseated because he experienced __________.

acquisition

Paul is babysitting Pamela for the first time. When Pamela's mom leaves, Pamela cries. When her mom returns, Pamela reaches for her but then pushes away from her. Paul assumes Pamela has a(n) _______ attachment.

ambivalent

When Fiona was a child, her grandmother taught her to make lasagna. Now, when Nicholas asks Fiona for her lasagna recipe, she realizes she doesn't know the measurements for the ingredients because she always "just makes it." Fiona's ability to cook lasagna without being aware of measuring the ingredients is best described as an example of _________.

automatic processing

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand, 16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is _______, whereas Rebecca's speech is ________.

babbling; telegraphic

The area where the optic nerve leaves the retina is referred to as the _______.

blind spot

During his disappearing coin trick, Andrew distracts the audience with dramatic gesture. Which psychological principle is Andrew using to keep the audience from watching him move the coin?

change blindness, because the audience's attention is limited and directed at the distractions on stage

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds, like thunder. She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder. Thus, when Fallon sees lightning, she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later. Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as _______________.

classical conditioning

Methamphetamine increases the concentration of dopamine in the synapse, just like another stimulant called

cocaine

Professor Kraig is known for his difficult quizzes, which automatically make the students anxious. Immediately before each quiz, he always turns off the projector. Students soon notice that they start to feel anxious when Professor Kraig turns off the projector. In terms of classical conditioning, Professor Kraig turning off the projector is a(n) ______________.

conditioned stimulus

Which of the following is most sensitive to different colors?

cones

Jacob has to write an essay for his writing course and decides to write about a boy who is actually a wizard. When his teacher reads the essay, she realizes that Jacob got the idea from a popular book. Jacob denies this, honestly believing that he thought of the idea himself. Jacob is experiencing _______________.

cryptomnesia

The shared beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group make up a person's __________.

culture

Julia loves spicy curry, but her husband prefers a mild curry. Starting with a mild curry, Julia increases the spiciness every time she cooks. One day her husband complains that the curry is too spicy. After that, Julia always makes the curry as spicy as the last time before her husband complained. With this exercise, Julia assessed her husband's ___________.

difference threshold

Benita is playing a very exciting video game and she finds that she wants to keep playing it more and more. Benita's desire is most likely activating the neurons in her brain that produce more of the neurotransmitter ___________.

dopamine

Sound waves cause the ___________ to vibrate.

eardrum

Callie is pregnant. She has never liked vegetables and rarely eats them. However, she does not want her baby to have the same bad eating habits. If Callie wants her baby to grow up to enjoy the taste of vegetables, the most effective thing she can do is ___________________.

eat vegetables while she is pregnant and nursing

John must memorize all of the menu items in order to work at Wendys. To do this, John thinks about which friend would want to order each item. John is likely to retain the menu items in long-term storage very well because he used _______________.

elaborative reherasal

A baby is developing in his or her mother's womb will begin developing lungs during the _______ period.

embryonic

5/5 The purpose of an institutional review board is to __________

ensure that proposed research is ethical

Sally can remember exactly what she did yesterday, but has trouble remembering the names of all 50 states. Sally has excellent __________ memory, but may have poor __________ memory.

episodic; semantic

The ________ is a thin layer of tissue in the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.

epithelium

Glen and Lynda are hired to rake leaves. Glen is paid $3 for each bag of leaves he rakes. Lynda is paid $7 for each hour she works. Glen is paid according to a _________ schedule of reinforcement. Lynda is paid according to a ___________ schedule.

fixed ratio; fixed interval

Charles Darwin's observations on how individuals adapt to an environment through natural selection had the strongest influence on which of the following schools of thought?

functionalism

If you look at a square made up of alternating red and blue stripes for several minutes and then look immediately at a blank white sheet of paper, you will see a square with alternating green and yellow stripes. This effect results from pairs of __________ that work _____________.

ganglion cells; in opposition

At conception, your ___________ is/are fixed.

genotype

Pierre believes that no single area of the brain is responsible for consciousness, and that instead specific areas process certain types of information. Pierre most likely believes in the ______ model of consciousness.

global workspace

For spring break, you spend ten days with friends, going dancing late every night and not getting enough sleep. According to the consolidation theory of sleep, afterward you will _________.

have trouble remembering things you did during spring break

Ever since he had a motorcycle accident, Sherman has been unable to form new memories. Sherman has most likely damaged his _________.

hippocampus

Endocrine glands release

hormones

The variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is called the

independent variable

When Tracy walks in from the sunlight into a dark theater, her _______ cause(s) her ________ to enlarge to let in more light.

iris; pupil

Dante often shopped at the same grocery store. One day, another customer asked Dante if he knew where the plastic storage containers were located in the store. Dante immediately gave directions to the correct aisle, even though he had never bought plastic storage containers from that store. The fact that Dante knew the location of the containers is best explained by _______.

latent learning

Tamara has been taking piano lessons, and after three weeks of practicing, she is now able to play the piano keys with both hands. This change in her behavior based on her experiences represents the process of ________________.

learning

Being able to detect the origin of a sound is called _______.

localization

When we make our memories consistent with our current beliefs or attitudes, we are experiencing __________.

memory bias

You remember how to get to a specific store in your local shopping mall by mentally picturing each store that you pass as you get to that store. You are employing which of the following?

method of loci

The somatic nervous system allows

movement of the muscles and joints

Harry has a different girlfriend every week. Jim's explanation for Harry's behavior is that Harry has a naturally high level of testosterone. Carolyn's explanation is that Harry's mother died when he was young. These explanations tell you that Jim likely believes that ________ influences who we are, whereas Carolyn believes that ___________ influences who we are.

nature; nurture

Nancy is conducting a study on how couples communication. However, she doesn't have the money to conduct laboratory tests, so she collects data in the field. To ensure that she does not violate the ethical rule of privacy, Nancy must __________.

observe couples only in public settings

You want to teach your dog to stop scratching at the door when he wants to go out. You do so by swatting his nose with a newspaper each time he scratches the door. By creating consequences for your dog's behavior, you have used ________________ to train him.

operant conditioning

Which of the following is NOT a modern method for accurately measuring brain activity?

phrenology

The brain area that releases melatonin is the

pineal gland

Kai has been attending loud rock concerts for several years. Recently, she has been having problems hearing high-pitched sounds. This loss is most likely due to impaired ______ coding in her _______.

place; cochlea

Doctors finally understood why a child had difficulty sleeping. They discovered that she had a large tumor located in the part of her hindbrain called the

pons

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his time in the military. His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Beth recently changed her email password. For the first few days after changing her password, she kept trying to log in with the old password. Which of the following was Beth experiencing?

proactive interference

Which of the following best describes subliminal perception?

processing of sensory information without conscious awareness

Because Anni becomes aware that all of the adults are watching her as she plays, she starts to act silly and make funny noises. Her behavior is called

reactivity

Tanya is 78 yeas old and has stayed physically and mentally active, so she is experiencing only the normal cognitive decline of a person her age. As a result, Tanya is least likely to have trouble with __________.

remembering what she learned long ago, such as the names of state capitals

After playing a difficult soccer match that wore out his body, Jon slept for four extra hours. Jon's extra sleep is best explained by _______ theory.

restorative

If you have a knee injury, you are likely to experience the most pain ____________.

right before you fall asleep

Which style of attachment shown by 60-65% of infants indicates that they are readily comforted by the caregiver during times of distress and are comfortable playing in an unfamiliar environment as long as the caregiver is present?

secure