PSy of Aging

Scaffolding theory predicts that in the area of memory and other cognitive abilities, older adults:

recruit one brain region to compensate for deficits in others.

A. The term "biopsychosocial" in referring to development means that:

change is understood from an integrative perspective.

Which is the most commonly experienced chronic condition in both men and women over the age of 65?

Arthritis.

Bone loss throughout adulthood is greatest for individuals with which characteristic?

White women.

When a person is said to show signs of secondary aging, this means that the person:

has developed a disease more prevalent in later life.

though research on this is ongoing in an effort to improve diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, a truly definitive diagnosis can only be obtained through which method?

performing an autopsy.

People who do not exercise by weightlifting or other forms of strength training are more likely to experience _____________ as they grow older.

sarcopenia

According to the mechanistic model, life-span development is most strongly influenced by:

the environment.

According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults have more memory problems because they are unable to:

tune out irrelevant information.

f the following, _______ memory shows impairment due to the effects of normal aging.

working

Which of the following would be considered a "psychological" age-related factor in the biopsychosocial perspective?

Changes in cognitive abilities.

Cortisol, also known as the "stress hormone," is thought to have specific negative effects on which aspect of psychological functioning affected by the aging process?

Cognition.

The type of intelligence test on which older adults are MOST likely to perform well taps which ability?

Crystallized.

Measures becoming outdated or obsolete is a problem primarily affecting which type of research design used to study aging?

Longitudinal.

A person using the process of identity balance would have which reaction to age-related changes in physical functioning?

Maintaining a stable view of self despite the change.

Waist size, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and fasting glucose are among the critical measures for which condition related to heart disease in adulthood?

Metabolic syndrome.

Studies on attentional processes in older adults typically use which type of performance measure?

Response time.

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of Erikson's epigenetic principle?

There is a series of stages that unfold from each other throughout life.

The term "cohort" as used in research on adult development and aging refers to:

a group of people born within a given span of years.

The decrease with age in the hormone known as DHEA is referred to specifically as:

adrenopause.

A decrease in cardiac output with age is often described in terms of loss of:

aerobic capacity.

Problems in everyday life that are the most difficult to solve for older adults are those that:

are stated in vague or ambiguous terms.

Using your existing knowledge as a basis for understanding new experiences shows, in Piaget's theory, the process of:

assimilation.

Researchers tested whether younger and older adults differed on how easily they were swayed into choosing a product they initially did not prefer. The fact that young adults were more likely to change their original option is known as the ____________ effect.

attraction

Having unusually strong muscles, a fit cardiovascular system, and good mobility would signify that an older adult has a young _____________ age.

biological.

The condition in which blood supply to the brain is temporarily cut off due to blockage or clotting in an artery is known as:

cerebrovascular accident.

The notion that development in later life builds upon changes that occurred earlier in development is known as the principle of:

continuity of changes.

Studies of aging twins carried out in Sweden and Denmark showed that the rate of change in intelligence over time was mainly a function of:

environmental influences.

Because it can never be manipulated, age can never be considered to be a(n) ________ variable:

independent

When a sample of people are followed over time, the less able ones tend to drop out of the sample, a problem known as:

selective attrition.

Which type of memory functioning is generally preserved in later adulthood?

semantic

The only type of design in the study of adult development and aging that allows for the possibility of separating age from cohort or time of measurement is known as:

sequential.

The _______________ model of aging over the life course emphasizes the normative expectations associated with getting older.

social clock

Medications that lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood are known as:

statins.

If we apply the results of research comparing older and younger monkeys on problem-solving skill to humans, it would suggest that older human problem-solvers:

use inefficient strategies in planning solution.