PSY | Ch. 11

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer?

extraversion

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional positive regard

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________.

migration

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

psychoticism versus superego control

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

Trait

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

10

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American lifestyles.

Contemporized-Themes

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people