PSY TEST 2

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

fluid

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

lexicon

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

Broca's area

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

Perception; sensation

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

artificial

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies?

bottom-up

When a child works on a "connect the dots" puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she's able to perceive the completed picture even though it is still incomplete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate?

closure

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?

digestion functions become more active

What is the confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

In a person whose eyes work in the usual fashion, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

partial

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

phoneme

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________.

standardization

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

associative

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

natural

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

smell

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe.

temporal

Which of these is not one of the structures that comprises the outer ear?

the basilar membrane

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

vestibular