Psy

Which one of the following is a conditioned reinforcer for most people? a. money b. food c. sex d. a sharp pain in the back

A

Which one of the following is an example of negative reinforcement a. going to the dentist and having a toothache relieved b. spanking a child for swearing (negative reinforcement for swearing?) c. taking away a child's favorite toy when the child misbehaves d. making a child watch while another child is punished

A

Memories of a vacation spent with your family would be considered _____________________.

Explicit memory

An integrated framework about people, objects, events, rituals, and traditions that is stored in your long-term memory is called a ______________.

Schema

Getting a ticket for speeding

positive punishment

Any steps you take to try to put something in your memory is called ______________.

Encoding

Operant conditioning, in contrast with classical conditioning, emphasizes events (such as rewards and punishments) that occur a. before the behavior b. after the behavior c. during the behavior d. at the same time as another stimulus

B

Suppose that you have taught your dog to roll over for the reward of a dog biscuit. Then, one day you run out of the dog biscuits. Which schedule of reinforcement would keep your dog responding longer without a biscuit? a. continuous reinforcement b. partial reinforcement c. negative reinforcement d. immediate reinforcement

B

What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it's the original conditioned stimulus? (A) Stimulus discrimination (B) Stimulus generalization (C) Higher-order conditioning (D) Spontaneous recovery

B

A student sometimes got A's on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student's superstitious behavior arise? (A) Observational learning (B) Classical conditioning (C) Operant conditioning (D) None of the above

C

Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule. A. fixed ratio b. fixed interval c. variable ratio d. fixed ratio

C

According to the recency effects, which of the following list is the most likely to be recalled? B X 6 F C W

C and W

The mnemonic strategy of grouping bits of information into larger units that are easier to remember is called:

Chunking

Watson trained Baby Albert to fear rats by making a loud noise everytime he interacted with the rat. Now Baby Albert is afraid of all things fluffy. What is the rat?

Conditioned Stimulus

Another word for cramming - which is considered to be less effective than other methods for studying and remembering things long term - is called _______________.

Massed Practice

ROY G BIV, an acronym that reminds you the order of the colors in the rainbow is a type of _______________.

Mnemonic

Robert had a serious car accident while Mozart was playing on his stereo. Now, every time Robert hears a Mozart song, he feels frightened and panicked. What is the conditioned stimulus?

Mozart

You have to put a quarter in the "Curse Jar" everytime you curse.

Negative Punishment

Your mom stops nagging you when you take out the trash.

Negative Reinforcer

Your mother washes your mouth out with soap, everytime you curse.

Positive Punishment

Laughing at someone who is telling a joke.

Positive Reinforcer

According to serial position effects, which of the following list is the least likely to be recalled? A 7 Q M P

Q

Robert had a serious car accident while Mozart was playing on his stereo. Now, every time Robert hears a Mozart song, he feels frightened and panicked. What is the unconditioned stimulus?

The car wreck

Rob is playing Trivial Pursuit with friends. She is asked a question and she knows the answer. However, she is getting really irritated because she can't seem to quite pull it out of her memory. What is Rob experiencing?

Tip of the tongue

Your new friend gave you his phone number, but you don't have a pen to write it down. Which part of your memory must attempt to maintain the number while you run around looking for a pen.

Working Memory

Students get a grade for a quiz that's given once a week. What is this an example of? (A) Fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule (B) Variable-ratio reinforcement schedule (C) Fixed-interval reinforcement schedule (D) Variable-interval reinforcement schedule

c