PSY310 WKU EXAM 1

Paige talks out loud to herself as she gets her backpack ready for school. She doesn't want to forget anything important. What would Vygotsky most likely say about Paige's behavior?

Paige's private speech serves a positive self-guiding function

One of the girls in Mr. Kent's class is shy and has difficulty making friends. Her social skills are immature and awkward. She usually walks to class alone, holds her head down, avoids contact with other students, and tries not to speak up in class. Based on the categories of children's popularity, this girl's behavior fits which category?

rejected withdrawn

The most important limitation of Kohlberg's theory is that it ____________

deals with moral reasoning rather than actual behavior

Identify the research method used in the following study: The teacher surveys students' parents regarding their children's sports-related experiences.

descriptive research

Which of the following tasks mostly involves the use of creative intelligence - one of the three types of intelligence in Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?

design a new system of government for the classroom

If Piaget were to say that you assimilate your new pen into your writing-scheme, he would mean that ____________

you are able to apply existing skill in using the new pen, because you had developed that writing ability (writing-scheme) earlier.

Identify the research method used in the following study. Researchers conduct a study to examine whether a relationship exists between students' science interests and science achievement.

correlational research

Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that:

A child's intellectual development progresses through distinct stages

Kayla sees a dolphin on television. At first she thinks it is a fish because it is swimming in the ocean. Then she sees that it must come to the surface to breathe. Kayla begins to form a new schema representing this new information. Which cognitive mechanism would Piaget say Kayla is using?

Accommodation

The following example best represents which Piagetian stage? A child knows that if 5+5=10, then 10-5=5.

Concrete operational

Dewayne is engaged in the following activities. Which of the activities illustrates conservation?

Dewayne poured paint from the gallon bucket into his paint pan and realized it's the same amount of paint, but looks like less.

Which teacher seems to have the right idea about the interpretation and use of IQ test scores?

Germaine's score of 94 suggests that he may struggle, but I need to look at other indicators as well.

Which of the following statements best reflects Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning?

I do not want to break any traffic laws

Which of the following teachers seems to have the most appropriate understanding of learning styles?

I try to present instruction in multiple modalities. For example, I use pictures, charts, and maps along with printed text and verbal instruction.

A researcher is interested in the effects of rewards on students' intrinsic motivation on tasks. Two groups of students are set up. One group receives rewards for its efforts toward the tasks and the other group does not. In order to ensure that the two groups are essentially equivalent before the experiment began, what procedure should the researcher use?

Randomly assign students to groups

You are reading a description of a correlational study in which the author concludes that aggression in class causes poor grades. Which of the following reactions to the author's conclusion is appropriate?

The author cannot make a cause-effect conclusion from a correlational study.

An example of the Vygotsky's notion of scaffolding would be ___________

a mother helping her child learn to ride a bike

Erik Erikson, in stage two of his theory of psychosocial development, asserts that parents who are overly restrictive and harsh give their children _____________

a sense of powerlessness and incompetence, that can lead to shame and doubt in one's abilities

According to Erikson, a psychosocial crisis is ___________

a set of critical issues that individuals must address as they pass through life stages

As a sophomore in high school, Caitlin is allowed to make a lot of decisions related to her style and personal preferences. She recently asked her parents to let her take two friends and drive to a concert in Atlanta, 90 miles from their home. Her parents said they could not allow it and explained that the three girls needed an adult presence. The parenting style of Caitlin's parents most likely is: _________

authoritative

The following example best represents which Piagetian stage? A student's thinking is earthbound. His understanding of the aphorisms such as "Still water runs deep" and "Make hay while the sun shines" is based on their literal content.

concrete operational

Quin makes sure everyone follows the rules of the game exactly as they are written on the box. His sister insists that they can alter the rules to make the game go faster, but Quin refuses to consider such a change. He tells her no one can win if they don't follow the rules. According to Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning, what level and stage of moral development is Quin demonstrating?

conventional, stage 4

Identify the research method used in the following study. A researcher randomly assigns one group of students to receive specific and constructive feedback on homework and one group to receive general comments on homework. The researcher then compares the two groups on the quality of their subsequent homework.

experimental research

The following example best represents which Piagetian stage? A student is capable of abstract reasoning and the use of hypothetical-deductive logic to examine cause-and-effect relationships.

formal operational

Children at the pre-conventional level of moral reasoning concentrate on _________

how to further their own interests and avoid being punished

Amanda has been interested in political parties during this election year and has decided that her ideas align with one party and its platform. She feels strongly about her ideas and is becoming quite an advocate for one candidate in her state. Some of her friends are uncommitted and take no interest in politics. Amanda's passion for this area of interest is helping her feel more decisive about other things such as subjects she wants to study. Amanda is most likely in what stage of psychosocial development?

identity versus role confusion

Levi is like most other children in elementary school, learning new skills and coming to some understanding of his abilities in comparison to the abilities of peers. At this stage of psychosocial development, which developmental crisis is Levi learning to resolve?

industry versus inferiority

Some elementary schools have modified the structure of the report card to reflect a more positive outlook on assessment and at the same time to be more specific about what is being evaluated. This approach would have the most impact on which stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

industry versus inferiority

Devin watches TV several hours a day. In his favorite shows, key characters mode aggressive behavior. Devin imitates the actions of these characters on the playground and in the classroom to get what he wants. He pushes other children aside to get the toy he wants or to claim the chair he wants. Devin demonstrates what type of aggression?

instrumental

Conrad notices that the new boy Stefano doesn't know what to do when the bell rings for lunch. Conrad goes to Stefano and tells him that the students leave their books at their desks and go to the lunchroom to line up for lunch. Conrad invites Stefano to go with him and a couple of other boys in fifth grade. Conrad demonstrates which one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

interpersonal

Fluid intelligence increases until late adolescence and decreases with age. Which of the following is associated with fluid intelligence?

mental efficiency

Lawrence Kohlberg studied individuals' responses to hypothetical problems called ___________in order to assess what he believed to be moral development.

moral dilemmas

Katie is playing a song on her guitar. She is mostly using what intelligences proposed by Gardner?

musical and bodily-kinesthetic

Mr. Davis is hoping to learn why some of his sixth-grade students are performing poorly during the third quarter. He finds that the more students are absent, the lower his or her grades are likely to be. His results on the relationship between absence and grades reflect:

negative correlation

Which of the following adages depicts Piaget's belief that infants lack object permanence?

out of sight, out of mind

he stages of personal and social development are played out in constant interaction with others and with society as a whole. During initial stages, the interactions are primarily with

parents and other family members

A researcher found that students who scored high on a test of reading achievement also scored high on a self-esteem inventory. The researcher can say that reading achievement and self-esteem are

positively correlated

One student sees another cheat on a test. The first student reasons that cheating is acceptable because the teacher wasn't looking. What level and stage of moral reasoning is the student exhibiting?

preconventional, stage 1

The following example best represents which Piagetian stage? A young child thinks the snow falls "So I can sled." or the sun comes up "when I open my eyes."

preoperational

The following example best represents which Piagetian stage? Max, a preschooler, explains that a sandwhich cut into four pieces is more than a sandwhich cut in half.

preoperational

The following example best represents which Piagetian stage? A child's behaviors consist primarily of simple physical responses to stimuli, like reaching for, grabbing, and sucking on objects.

sensorimotor

In which of the following lessons does Mr. Carpenter incorporate several of the multiple intelligences?

students created clay models and made presentations to the class about their topic

The basic implication of the zone of proximal development concept is to _________

teach just beyond students' present understanding

One aim of educational psychology is to:

test theories that guide the actions of teachers

Binet's work advanced the science of intelligence assessment, but it also began to establish the idea that ______

there were smart people who could be expected to do well in a broad range of lear