PSY316 Ch. 3 Quiz

B

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the a. Radiated wavelength paradox b. Inverse projection problem c. Serial location task d. Fusiform face role

B

The theory of unconscious inference includes the a. oblique effect b. Likelihood principle c. Principle of componential recovery d. Principle of speech segmentation

C

Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by a. Goldstein b. Gestalt psychologists c. Helmholtz d. Gibson

C

Speech segmentation is defined as a. Creating a sentence from a series of spoken words b. Ignoring the spaces between the spoken words of a sentence c. Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words d. Recognizing a few words out of many when hearing a largely unfamiliar language

D

The "textured wall" example from the text illustrates a. Semantic regularities b. The oblique effect c. Size constancy d. The light-from-above heuristic

D

Viewpoint ___________ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives a. Consistency b. Resistance c. Constancy d. Invariance

C

Computer programs have been designed that can recognize matching human faces with the same accuracy as a human being, but the computer loses its efficiency at this process when a. Animal faces are substituted for human faces b. The faces are of children c. The faces are viewed from an angle d. The faces are of people with scars or deformities

A

"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law? a. Good figure b. Similarity c. Familiarity d. Common fate

B

"Perceiving machines" are used by the US postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of a. Bottom-up processing b. Top-down processing c. Their in-depth understanding of principles of perception d. Repeated practice at the task

B

According to the textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter? a. Solving problems b. Experiencing neuromodulation c. Communicating with other people d. Answering questions

D

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is he doing? a. Landmark discrimination problem b. Dissociation task c. Greeble recognition task d. Object discrimination problem

A

Damage to the temporal lobe makes the __________ more difficult. a. Object discrimination problem b. Landmark discrimination problem c. Double dissociation problem d. Single dissociation problem

C

During a baseball game, a ball is hit down the first baseline toward the foul line. If it goes to the right of the pole it will be a foul, if it goes to the left, it will be a home run. The umpire making this call will have the most difficulty making the judgement because a. The umpire will be looking right at the foul pole instead of viewing it from an angle b. The human visual perceptual system is simply inefficient at making judgments in cases where the visual stimuli are more than a few feet away c. It can be very difficult to distinguish one item from another when there is overlap between the two d. The ball will probably disappear from view whether it goes in front of or behind the foul pole

D

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? a. When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distractors b. When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence c. When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (ex. identifying a telephone in a refrigerator) d. When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

A

Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called a. Perception b. Sensation c. Transduction d. Consolidation

B

Gauthier and coworkers experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _________ response to faces and an ___________ response to Greebles. a. Unvaried; unvaried b. Decreased; increased c. Unvaried; increased d. Increased; increased

A

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of ___________ processing. a. Top-down b. Bottom-up c. Serial d. Sequential

D

In the "finding faces in a landscape" demonstration in the text, once you perceive a particular grouping of rocks as a face, it is often difficult not to perceive them this way. This is due to a. The inverse problem b. Shift in your attentional focus c. A recency effect d. Your prior knowledge

A

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles? a. Simplicity b. Contiguity c. Figure-ground d. Common fate

C

Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk". Suprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out the container was filled with orange juice. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by a. Reception of the stimulus b. Bottom-up processing c. Top-down processing d. Focused attention

B

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how __________ can affect perception. a. Illusory conjunctions b. Context c. Naming associations d. Attention

B

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the a. Principle of size constancy b. Oblique effect c. Law of pragnanz d. Law of good continuation

B

The demonstration in the text that asks to visualize such scenes as an office, often result in more details in the scene than the same scene with a lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of __________ in those scenes. a. Physical regularities b. Semantic regularities c. Pragnanz d. Double dissociation

A

The likelihood principle states that a. We perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received b. We perceive size to remain the same size even when objects move to different distances c. It is easier to perceive vertical and horizontal orientations d. Feature detectors are likely to create a clear perception of an object

C

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of a. Common fate b. Similarity c. Pragnanz d. Continuity

B

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe is known as the a. What pathway b. Where pathway c. Landmark pathway d. Action pathway

B

The perception pathway corresponds to the __________ pathway , while the action pathway corresponds to the __________ pathway. a. Where; what b. What; where c. Size; distance d. Distance; size

B

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of a. Conjunction b. Perceptual organization c. Perceptual discriminability d. Perceptual fusion

C

The results of Gautheir's "Greeble" experiment illustrate a. That neurons specialized to respond to faces are present in our brains when we are born b. That training a monkey to recognize the difference between common objects can influence how the monkey's neuron's fire to these objects c. An effect of experience-dependent plasticity d. That our nervous systems remain fairly stable in different environments

A

The sequence of steps that includes the images on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, this neural processing is an example of ___________ processing. a. Bottom-up b. Top-down c. Sequential d. Serial

A

The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called a. Neuropsychology b. Functional localization c. Position emission tomography d. The subtraction technique

A

When Carlos moved to the US, he didn't understand any English. Phrases like "Anna Mary Can Pi And I Scream Class Hick," didn't make any sense. Now that he has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as "An American Pie and Ice Cream, Classic." This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable of ___________ in English. a. Speech segmentation b. The likelihood principle c. Bottom-up processing d. Algorithm

A

When you listen to someone speaking in a foreign language that you don't know, the words may all seem to sound the same. You may find yourself wondering how the speakers are communicating, when they are using the same words over and over again. The Gestalt law that is affecting you here is the law of a. Similarity b. Familiarity c. Nearness d. Good continuation

C

Which of the following is NOT an example of physical regularity in the text? a. The oblique effect b. The light-from-above assumption c. Angled orientation d. Having one object that is partially covered by another "come out the other side"

A

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing? a. Speech segmentation b. Seeing a flask of lightning in a thunderstorm c. The response of a feature detector d. Perceiving all of the birds in a flock as belonging together

C

Which statement best summarizes the focus of the Gestalt psychologists? a. We must understand the basic components of perception b. We need to identify the number of geons needed for object recognition c. We want to understand how elements are added up to create sensations d. We need to identify the neurons that create perception

B

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of a. Simplicity b. Similarity c. Pragnanz d. Familiarity

A

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of a. Good continuation b. Simplicity c. Familiarity d. Good figure