PSY3200 Exam 3 Review

The residents of the hypothetical country are higher on neuroticism compared to other countries. Given the cross-cultural research on neuroticism, which of the following factors is also likely to be present in it culture?

The culture has systems in place to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity.

Harold has done well in earning money and titles throughout his career, yet he isn't truly happy with what he does. This may be due to the fact that Harold has focused too much on __________.

extrinsic motivation

Which type of attachment style is associated with high anxiety and high avoidance?

fearful

According to attachment theory, internalizing attachment experiences means that the child's attachment experiences __________.

have become part of the child's personality

The ORVIS is designed to __________.

help you find a career path that aligns with your interests

Dorian is a server at a restaurant near her college campus. Which trait is especially important in Dorian's current job?

high agreeableness

Which combination of the Big Five traits result in the most satisfying relationships?

high agreeableness, high conscientious, and low neuroticism

Which combination of Big Five traits is most correlated to high job performance and satisfaction?

high conscientiousness and low neuroticism

You're the hiring manager of a large firm. If you're like most employers who are seeking new employees, you are likely looking for which combination of Big Five traits?

high conscientiousness, low neuroticism, and high agreeableness

Samantha is the CEO of a Fortune 500 company. When she took over as CEO, the company was foundering. Under her leadership, the company has thrived, and she's transformed the company to be highly competitive on a global scale now and in the future. Which of the following traits is Samantha most likely to possess?

high openness to experience

Throughout his youth, Raj was told he's unique and special and to "believe in yourself and anything is possible." He has also seen many movies supporting this theory. Now a young adult, Raj is known to be somewhat narcissistic and his life goal is to become rich. What does this example help to illustrate?

how cultural norms and beliefs might help shape personality and values

Roland was driving when someone cut in front of him and sped away down the highway. Roland shook his head and muttered "jerk" under his breath. "Why are people so stupid?!" he said. Roland's assessment is an example of a(n) __________.

internal attribution

People from individualistic cultural systems tend to make __________ when considering the behavior of others.

internal attributions

Which of the following is a key predictor of workplace satisfaction and workplace performance?

intrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation includes internalized motives such as meeting goals, fulfilling core values, and __________.

maintaining self-esteem

The __________ shows us how culture shapes individuals and individuals shape culture.

mutual constitution model

Cal finds relationships challenging because he tends to be anxious about how the relationship is going. His anxiety then creates problems because he needs constant reassurance from his partner. Cal likely measures high for which Big Five trait?

neuroticism

Demi has her own companies with tight profit margins. To be productive, she must ensure that things run smoothly and that there's not drama among her employees. They all need to be emotionally calm and stable. Demi is likely to seek people low in __________.

neuroticism

Which of the Big Five traits has the weakest correlation with job satisfaction?

openness to experience

People who have had 30-year careers but claim they've "never worked a day" in their life are likely __________.

passionate about their work

Cultural differences are usually viewed in terms of __________.

people and what they produce as their cultural artifacts

Isabella thinks that her current position in the company as an assistant is beneath her and, given her knowledge and skills, that she should be a manager. She thinks this despite the fact that she doesn't have any experience or background in management. This is an example of __________.

perceived overqualification

Dr. Dufton is interested in studying stereotypes and is asking participants in her study to describe the typical member of different cultures. She is measuring __________.

perceptions of national character

Fake good refers to __________.

personality questionnaire responses putting the self in a positive light

Judy is very good at __________, seeing the world from another person's view.

perspective-taking

What characteristic tends to be a strong predictor of liking someone on your initial date?

physical attractiveness

Empathy, compassion, and self-control are considered to be three __________.

positive forces in a relationship

Jose, age 34, measures high for anxiety and tends to have a negative view of himself, but he generally has a high regard for other people. Jose would likely be considered to have what type of adult attachment?

preoccupied

Jade seems to lack empathy for others and often displays impulsive behaviors. Jade shows signs of which characteristic?

psychopathy

Which characteristics form what's known as the dark triad?

psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism

What is one phenomenon that makes cross-cultural comparison difficult?

reference-group effect

The more you can enjoy your work and the more that your work aligns with who you are as a person, the more __________.

satisfied you will be

Which of the following are considered to be the three primary attachment styles?

secure, anxious, avoidant

Someone high in openness to experience who gravitates towards relationships with individuals from different cultures is likely motivated by ___________.

self-expansion

Europeans often greet each other with a kiss. This is an example of __________.

social norms

Children learn the social norms of their culture through __________.

socialization

In the context of relationships, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism are known as __________.

the dark triad

What is self-enhancement?

unrealistically positive views of the self and personal abilities

Finding a vocation that brings you meaning and matches who you are is called __________.

vocational fit

Jasmine is at the career services department. She has taken a personality questionnaire and is now talking with a counselor about her vocational interests. At this stage of her career search, Jasmine is likely trying to determine __________.

vocational fit

Brandon thinks accounting is really fun and challenging; his best friend Kyle has always wanted to be a writer. These two friends appear to have very different __________.

vocational interests

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem and culture is true?

People from collectivistic cultures tend to have slightly lower self-esteem than those from individualistic cultures.

__________ is a culture within a culture.

A subculture

__________ is the process of acting in a constructive way, rather than a destructive way, in response to a partner's behavior.

Accommodation

The RIASEC measures how many career types?

6

__________ is a cultural system that places the needs of others and the society first.

Collectivism

What do the cultural products of individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures convey?

Cultural products from individualistic cultures focus on the self, and those from collectivist cultures focus on the group.

What do we definitely know about culture and individuals?

Cultures and individuals constantly interact with each other.

Which of the following statements about those who display dark triad characteristics and mate poaching is true?

Dark triad people tend to steal other people's mates and also claim to have their mates poached by others.

Which of the following statements about some personality matching and online dating sites is true?

Dating sites match people by complementary personalities.

What is the difference between emergent and effective leadership?

Emergent leadership is the ability to become a leader in an organization; effective leadership is the ability to be a successful leader once you have the job.

What is the primary difference between empathy and compassion?

Empathy is a general feeling of understanding for someone, whether they are doing well or not; compassion is feeling concern specifically toward people who are suffering.

Jesse was driving when someone cut in front of her and sped away down the highway. Jesse assumed that person was probably late for work or in the middle of an emergency. Jesse's assessment is an example of a(n) __________.

external attribution

Which of the following statements regarding culture and openness to experience is true?

High socioeconomic status and more education tend to be associated with higher openness to experience.

__________ encourages more positive self-views and a view of the self as separate from others.

Individualism

__________ is a cultural system that favors the needs of the self over those of others and the society.

Individualism

When it comes to attribution, which of the following statements is true?

Individualistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the person, while collectivistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the situation.

Children's attachment styles were originally studied using a paradigm called the __________.

Strange Situation

Which of the following statements regarding personality and social networking sites is true?

Initial liking based on first impressions of Facebook profiles is very similar to initial liking after meeting in real life.

Which country's residents score highest in neuroticism?

Japan

Which two of the Big Five traits are associated with posting selfies online?

extraversion and narcissism

__________ individuals are often unemotional and ignore conventional morality.

Machiavellian

As part of the process of choosing a good career path for himself, Eric is taking a questionnaire that is designed to appraise eight different career paths. Eric is likely taking the __________.

ORVIS

What trend have researchers seen in regards to openness to experience?

Openness to experience tends to be lower in recent generations.

What has the research shown about people's truthfulness when filling out job applications?

People frequently engage in slight or extensive image creation.

Which statement best describes the pattern that researchers have found between personality and relationship longevity?

Personality matching in relationships is not always helpful.

Which of the following statements regarding people filling out personality questionnaires for employment purposes is true?

Personality questionnaires are constructed in such a way as to make it difficult to lie effectively.

Why is conscientiousness the most problematic of the Big Five traits to assess across cultures?

Reference-group effects seem to be the issue.

Countries high in power distance also tend to measure lower in which Big Five trait?

extraversion

Roberta embellishes her profile on a popular data site to seem more active and financially well-off than she really is. Given what we know about people's self-enhancement tendencies, what can we expect about how she presents herself offline?

Roberta likely embellishes her lifestyle offline as well.

Which of the following statements about job satisfaction is true?

Satisfied employees are not always high-performing employees, and vice versa.

Which of the following Big Five traits has a substantial link to individualistic cultures?

extraversion

Your friend tells you that the three positive forces in a relationship are lust, sex, and greed. You correct your friend by listing the correct traits, which are __________.

empathy, compassion, and self-control

On what measure do the RAISEC and the ORVIS not overlap?

erudition

A child whose caregiver serves as a secure base is likely to __________.

explore the environment independently, but always return to the caregiver for comfort

Katy just completed a job interview in which she lied on many of the questions in order to make herself look better. This is known as __________.

extensive image creation

Which of the following statements regarding the ORVIS and the Holland scales is true?

They overlap much more than they differ.

__________ is when countries tend to have more formal systems of rules that attempt to minimize cultural and situational ambiguity.

Uncertainty avoidance

Brady is the star basketball player on his varsity high school team. When recently interviewed for the local news, he said his coach and parents' support was why he has done so well. This is considered an example of __________.

external attribution

Slight image creation refers to __________.

a small amount of positive self-presentation during a job search

People high in self-control tend to be more __________.

accommodating

Clarice tends to form close relationships that are generally positive. Clarice likely measures high in __________.

agreeableness

David often tells his friends that he doesn't care if he gets fired or promoted at his job at the local pizzeria. He is demonstrating __________.

amotivation

What is it called when someone appears not to be motivated by anything?

amotivation

When a caregiver is variably negligent and abuses drugs, the child is likely to develop __________ attachment.

anxious

The formal term meaning the link between children and their primary caregiver is known as __________.

attachment

"Birds of a feather flock together" is a phrase that describes what research into __________ and relationship success suggests.

attitudes

Research has found that when it comes to __________, being similar to your partner is associated with longer lasting relationships.

attitudes

Elizabeth's relationship with Brady started off so great she thought things were perfect. Within a short time, however, he was making her miserable in the relationship. This is an example of the __________.

chocolate cake model

Keandra often senses when people are hurting and is inclined to try to help that person with whatever it is they're going through. Keandra could likely be described as being __________.

compassionate

Alex shows up for work on time each day and is accountable and responsible. This best exemplifies someone who measures high for which Big Five trait?

conscientiousness

Johnny is very good about being on time for dates. In fact, he tends to show up a few minutes early to make sure there are seats at the restaurant or the lines for the movies are not too long. Johnny likely measures high for __________.

conscientiousness

On average, people with which Big Five personality trait tend to be the most satisfied at their job?

conscientiousness

Bryan is considered a bully at his workplace. He is often rude to his coworkers and has been known to take credit for their ideas. His behavior is considered to be __________.

counterproductive workplace behavior

Based on the research, someone who measures high for openness to experience is more likely to have a higher job performance in a vocation that requires __________.

creativity

Artifacts of a culture, such as television shows are referred to as __________.

cultural products

In terms of the study of culture, songs by Taylor Swift would be known as __________.

cultural products

Carlton is the manager of a local retail store. He is very strict with his policies and he often yells at his employees for minor mistakes. His employees know that if they do one thing that makes him mad, they will likely have their hours reduced as a punishment. Carlton's leadership style is one of __________.

dominance

The ability to rise to a leadership position in an organization is called __________.

emergent leadership

Whenever Cray and his girlfriend get into an argument, he is always able to see her perspective, which typically helps them resolve whatever problem they were having. The most accurate way to describe Cray's ability to see his girlfriend's point of view is to say he is __________.

empathic