PSYC-101 Chapter 9

Authoritarian Parenting

A restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's decision.

Assimilation

According to Piaget, when individuals incorporate new information into an existing schema, this is called ________.

The outcome depends on whether the infant's caretakers meet its needs It occurs during the first 1.5 years of life

Which are correct regarding Erikson's trust-versus-mistrust stage? A. The outcome depends on whether the infant's caretakers meet its needs B. Infants need to develop more purposeful behavior C. Infants assert their sense of autonomy D. It occurs during the first 1.5 years of life

Formal operational

Which of Piaget's stages occurs from about age 11 through adulthood and is characterized by abstract and idealistic thinking?

Maturation

Processes such as hormonal changes of puberty and menopause, changes in the brain, height, and weight, and motor skill changes reflect the developmental role of biological processes are are referred to as ________.

1. Germinal 2. Embryonic 3. Fetal

Rank the prenatal developmental stages in the correct order. Germinal period Fetal period Embryonic period

Puberty

the period of physical development, typically occurring during adolescence, during which sexual organs mature.

Genotype

A person's ________ giver her the potential to be tall, but this potential interacts with the environment and may result in a number of phenotypic representations

Resilience

A person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times

Phenotype

A person's genotype gives him the potential to be tall, but this potential interacts with the environment to produce a ________.

Neglectful

According to Baumrind, the ________ stye refers to parents who are uninvolved in their children's lives

8

According to Erikson, each of the ________ stages of socioemotional development represents a developmental task or crisis that a person must negotiate

sensorimotor

According to Piaget's theory, object permanence begins in the ________ stage.

Accommodation

According to Piaget's theory, which of the following occurs when people adjust schemas to new information?

Integrity vs. despair

Anne is 85 and lives in a nursing home. She has been involved in a project sponsored by the nursing home called "life review," where residents assemble recollections of their lives. Which of Erikson's stages is being addressed here?

Permissive

Frank and Wilma consider themselves "hippies." They raised their children to be what Wilma calls "creative" and Frank refers to as "free to make their own decisions." Most likely Frank and Wilma subscribe to ________ parenting.

Nurture

In developmental psychology, ________ refers to an organism's environmental experiences.

schema

According to Piaget, a(n) ________ is a concept or framework that exists in a person's mind that organizes information and provides a framework for interpreting the information

The knowledge that certain attributes of objects remain the same despite superficial changes Part of the concrete operational stage

According to Piaget, conservation is ________. A.The knowledge that certain attributes of objects remain the same despite superficial changes B. The ability to use logical reasoning and classification skills C. Part of the concrete operational stage D. The ability to problem solve using hypothetical deductive reasoning

egocentrism

Adolescent ________ is a state of self-absorption in which a teenager views the world only from his own point of view.

Teratogen

Alcohol, viruses, and nicotine are all categorized as ________ because they cause defects when a fetus is exposed to them.

despair

Erikson's final adult developmental life stage involves reevaluating what we have done in our lives. If we feel we have done well, we have a sense of integrity. Otherwise, we have a sense of ________.

cross-sectional

In a research study, Dr. Lopez asked people ages 20, 40, and 60 about their levels of happiness. This is research is best described as longitudinal preferential pre-operational cross-sectional

Identity Status

James Marcia proposed the concept of ________ to describe a person's position in the development of identity

confusion

Marissa is a college freshman who is involved in career exploration. According to Erikson's socioemotional theory, she is in the stage of identity vs. identity ________.

Attachment

The close emotional bond formed between child and caregiver

Problem solving Imagining a future occupation Being able to speak and understand words

Which of the following are examples of cognitive development? A. Problem Solving B. Imagining a future occupation C. Hormonal changes during puberty D. Being able to speak and understand words

Changes in a person's thinking Changes in a person's intelligence

Which of the following are examples of cognitive processes involved in development? A. Changes in a person's intelligence B. Hormonal changes C. Changes in a person's thinking D. Changes in personality

It is the transition period between adolescence and adult hood. It is characterized by experimentation and exploration.

Which of the following characteristics apply to the developmental period of emerging adulthood It is a period when physical skills begin to decline. It is the transition period between adolescence and adult hood. It is characterized by experimentation and exploration.

The authoritative parent encourages independence The authoritative parent places limits

Which of the following describe the "authoritative" parent, according to Baumrind? A. The authoritative parent does not get involved in children's lives and choices B. The authoritative parent encourages independence C. The authoritative parent controls with little verbal exchange D. The authoritative parent places limits

His viewpoint assumes that individual rights are more important than group bonds He underestimated the role of emotion in moral decision-making

Which of these are criticisms that have raised about kohlberg's theory? A. His viewpoint assumes that individual rights are more important than group bonds B. He studied whether people behave morally, but now how people think about morality C. He underestimated the role of emotion in moral decision-making D. He placed too much emphasis on the role of culture

Emerging

________ adulthood is the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Moral

________ development involves changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide what people should do.

Developmental

________ psychology studies the patterns of physical, cognitive, and social growth that occur throughout the lifespan

Development

________ refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout life.

Longitudinal research

essentially involves studying the same participants over time

Sensorimotor Stage

lasts from birth to about 2 years of age, during which time a child has little capacity to represent the environment with language or other symbols?

A boy texts while driving because he thinks he's a better driver than most, and therefore won't crash. A girl is embarrassed about a small stain on her shirt, because she thinks everyone else will focus on it.

Which of the following examples illustrate the concept of adolescent egocentrism? A boy texts while driving because he thinks he's a better driver than most, and therefore won't crash. A girl is embarrassed about a small stain on her shirt, because she thinks everyone else will focus on it. A boy has not yet developed a solid sense of identity A girl think it is immoral for a lawyer to turn away a client who lacks money for payment.

Family history of hair loss Eye color

Which of the following examples represent "nature" influences? A. Peer pressure B. Family history of hair loss C. Nutrition in early childhood D. Eye color

The friendly child

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic types of temperament in children? A. The slow-to-warm-up child B. The difficult child C. The easy child D. The friendly child

Biological inheritance

Which of the following is the best example of "nature" in the context of the nature-nurture influence? A. Neighborhood quality B. Family dynamics C. Schooling D. Biological inheritance

This term is used to describe someone who can recover from or adapt to difficult circumstances Resilience involves making the most out of life.

Which of the following statements are true regarding "resilience"? A person who is resilience never experiences anxiety or distress under difficult circumstances. This term is used to describe someone who can recover from or adapt to difficult circumstances It is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding Resilience involves making the most out of life.

It occurs between the ages of 10 and 20 It includes an exploration of roles It includes career exploration

Which of the following statements are true regarding Erikson's stage of identity vs. identity confusion? A. It occurs between the ages of 10 and 20 B. It includes an exploration of roles C. It includes career exploration D. It occurs between the ages of 20 and 30

A schema assists us in making sense of experience Schemas are expressed as various behaviors and skills A schema organizes information

Which of the following statements are true regarding Piaget's theory of schemas? A. A schema assists us in making sense of experience B. Schemas are expressed as various behaviors and skills C. A schema organizes information D. A schema means that we are unable to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective

Postnatal experience plays a crucial role in determining the ultimate effects of early birth There is a risk for learning disabilities

Which of the following statements are true regarding a preterm infant, an infant born before 37 weeks in the womb? A. Postnatal experience plays a crucial role in determining the ultimate effects of early birth B. The infant is almost certain to have developmental problems C. There is a risk for learning disabilities